Kısmi Ergiyik Kostik Liç Yöntemi İle Türk Linyitlerinin Kükürtsüzleştirilmesi- Mermer Atık Tozu Kullanımı

Yıl 2012, Cilt: 16 Sayı: 1, 103 - 108, 14.07.2014

Yıldırım Tosun

Öz

Yüksek kaliteli katı yakıtların ve özellikle kömürlerin enerji gereksinimi için değerlendirilmesi dünyada olduğu kadar ülkemizde de çevre açısından önemli olmaktadır. Rezerv olarak tükenmekte olan yüksek kaliteli kömürlerin yerine daha düşük kaliteli kömürlerin ülkemizde üretilerek tüketime sunulması çeşitli sorunlara neden olabilmektedir. Kükürtlü ve küllü kömürlerimizin fiziksel ve kimyasal yöntemlerle temizlenerek daha temiz yakıtlar haline getirilerek değerlendirilmesi daha yararlı olacaktır. Linyitlerimizin ve taş kömürlerimizin fiziksel yöntemler ile temizlenememesi. ülke açısından en ekonomik ve pratik olan kimyasal yöntemlerin kullanımını gerektirmektedir. Bu çalışmada kömürlerin kükürdünden ve külünden arındırılması için pratik olarak kullanılan Ergiyik Kostik Liç yöntemi kömürlerimiz için irdelenmiştir. Mermer Atık Tozu ilavesi ile yapılan kısmi ergiyik kostik liç deneylerinde kullanılan linyit kömürlerinden Bolu, Aydın ve Soma kömürlerinde maksimum kükürt tutma 350 oC de gerçekleşmiştir ve kükürt tutma oranları 350 oC sırasıyla bu linyitlerde %42, %54 ve %63 oranlarında olduğu belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca NaCl, KCl gibi tuzların kısmi ergiyik liçte mermer atık tozu kadar etkili olmadığı belirlenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Kömürlerin Kükürtsüzleştirilmesi, Ergiyik Kostik Liçi, Kısmi Ergiyik Kostik Liç

Desulfurization of Turkish Lignites by Semi-Molten Caustic Leaching- Use Marble Waste Fine

Öz

Beneficiation from clean fuels, particularlv from coals, in energy production is greatly significant in our country as well as in the world. Instead of beneficiation from high quality coals due to lack of the deposits, production of low quality coals and consumption in our country may create some the environmental issues. Our coals with high ash and sulfur should be processed by the physical and chemical methods and later beneficiated. It has been fundamentallv needed that the use of most feasible chemical methods for desulfurization and deashing of the lignites and hard coals since they might not be cleaned by physical methods. In this research, the one effectively used among various chemical methods, semi-molten caustic leaching of coals, for desulfurization and deashing was investigated for our various types of coals. The semi-fused caustic leahing of Bolu, Aydın ve Soma lignites with marble waste fine efficiently desulfurized at 350oC and provided max. 42%, 54% and 63%, respectively. Additionaly, it was ascertained that the salts such as NaCl and KCl could not be efficient as the marble waste fine in desulfurization by the semi-molten leaching of Turkish lignites. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

Desulfurization of Coals, Molten Caustic Leaching, Semi-fused Caustic Leaching

Kaynakça

• Anonim, 2009. TKİ Lignite Report 2009, TC Energy Ministry Reports, Ankara, Türkiye.
• Altun NE, Hiçyılmaz C., Bagcı A.S., 2006. Retention of SO2 Emission of Coal Combustion by Using Lime in Briquetting. Energy Sources,PartA., 28, 469-478.
• Aytar,P., Sam M. Cabuk A.,2008. Microbial desulphurization of Turkish lignites by White Rot Fungi. Energy Fuels, 22 ( 2),1196-1199.
• Bayram, Z., Bozdemir, T., Durusoy T., Yürüm, Y., 2002. Biodesulfurization of Mengen Lignite with Rhodoccocus rhodochrous: Effects of Lignite Concentration and Retreatment. Energy Sources, 24,625-631.
• Brooks P., Waugh, B., Clark, N., Weir, S.B., 2006. US Patent 20060096166, USA Patent Office, USA.
• Chriswell, C.D., Markuszewski, R., Jewell, D.V., 1994. Improved Caustic Coal Desulfurization by a float-sink/leaching process Employing 50% Aqueaus NaOH Solutions. Fuel Processing Technology, 37, 19-32.
• Culfaz, M., Ahmet, M., Gürkan, S., 1996. Removal of Mineral Matter and Sulfur from Lignites by Alkali Treatment. Fuel Processing Technology, 47, 99-109.
• Demirbaş, A., Balat M., 2004. Coal Desulfurization via Different Methods. Energy Sources, 26,541-550.
• Durusoy, T., Ozbas T., Toplıc B.,Yurum Y, 1992. Biodesulfurşization of some Turkish lignites by sulfolobus solfactaricus. Energy Fuels, 6, 804808.
• Garcia, R., Moinela S.R., 1991. Pyrolytic desulfurization of some high sufur coals. Energy Fuels, 5, 582586.
• Gürü, M, 2007. Oxidative Desulfurization of Askale Coal by Nitric Acid Solution. Energy Sources, Part A, 29,463–469.
• Gürü, M., Sarioz B. V. Çakanyildirim, Ç., 2008. Oxidative Desulfurization of Tufanbeyli Coal by Hydrogen Peroxide Solution. Energy Sources Part A., 30,981-987.
• Gürü M, Cubuk M. Dursun S Demirbas A., 2006. Biodesulfurization of Çayırhan lignites. Energy Sources Part A., 28, 559-565.
• Hamamci C, Kahraman F, Düz M.Z, 1997. Desulphurisation of Southeastern Anatolian Asphaltites by Meyers Method. Fuel Processing Technology, 50, 171-177.
• Karaca, S., 2003. Desulfurization of a Turkish lignite at various gas atmospheres by pyrolysis effect of mineral matter. Fuel, 82 (12), 1509-1516.
• Karatepe, N., 2000. A comparison of flue gas desulfurization process. Energy Sources Part A, 22, 197-206.
• Kumar, M., Shankar,R.H., 2000. Removal of Ash from Assam Coking Coal Using Sodium Hydroxide and Acid Solutions. Energy Sources, 22, 187196.
• Mukherjee S., Borthaku P.C., 2003. Effect of leaching high sulphur subbituminous coal by potassium hydroxide and acid on removal of mineral matter and sulphur. Fuel, 82, 783-788.
• Nabeel A.,Khan T.A., Sharma D:K:, 2009. Studies on the Production of Ultra Clean Coal by Alkali-acid Leaching of Low-grade Coals. Energy Sources Part A., 31, 594-601.
• Ozbas, K. E., Hicyılmaz, C., Kok, M. V., 2002. The Effect of Lime Addition on the Combustion Properties and Sulfur Contents of Three Different Coals. Energy Sources, 24, 643–652.
• Ozbayoğlu G, Mamurekli M., 2002. Super-clean coal production from Turkish Bituminous Coal. Fuel, 72 ( 7), 1221-1223.
• Qi Y., I W, Chen H.,Li B., 2004. Desulfurization of coal through pyrolysis in a fluidized bed reactor under nitrogen and 0.6% O2-N2 atmosphere. Fuel, 83 (6), 705-712.
• Rongfang Z., Shufeng Y., Yusheng X., Yunfa C., 2007. Characteristics and Reactivities of Solid wastes sorbent for medium temperature flue gas desulfurization. Energy Sources PartA., 29,769780.
• Rubio B, Mastral A.M. 1989. Sulphur removal from Spanish low rank coals by acid catalyzed depolymerization. Fuel Processing Technology, 21( 3) 223-230.
• Sharma D.K., Gihar S., 1991. Chemical Cleaning of Low Grade Coals through Alkali-acid Leaching Employing Mild Conditions under Ambient Pressure. Fuel, 70, 663-665.
• Tosun Y.I., 1996. Use of Marble Wastes Against Pollution. 1st International Symposium on Mine Environmental Engineering, Dumlupınar University, Kütahya, Turkey.
• Tosun Y.I., 1997. Silicate bonded Coal in Coal Briquetting. 15th Turkish Mining Congress, Ankara, Turkey, TMMOB Turkish Mining Chamber.
• Tosun, Y.I., 2007. Clean Fuel-Magnesia bonded Coal Briquetting. Fuel Processing Technology, 88, 971-977.
• Tosun, Y.I., Rowson N.A., Veasey T.J., 1994. Biocolumn flotation of Coal for Desulfurization and Comparison with Conventional and Column Flotation. 5th Int. Conf. of Mineral Processing, Nevşehir, 465-471.
• Tosun, Y.I., Cicek, F., Cekirge M.H., 1997. Desulfurization of Coals by Molten Caustic Leaching. Turkish Mining Journal, Ankara, Turkey, TMMOB Turkish Mining Chamber,. 36 (4), 5-13.
• Tosun, Y.I., Gündüz, L, Senturk A,.,1996. Cold bonded Coal Beriquetting- Desulfurization. 10th Coal Congress, TMMOB Turkish Mining Chamber, Zonguldak, Turkey.
• Wheelock T.D., 1979. Chemical Cleaning. Pp 20-29-49. J. W. Leonard K.K. Humphrey (Eds) Coal Preparation (4th Edt.), AIME, NewYork.
• Yoon, R.H.,1991. Advanced Coal Cleaning, Part2. J. W. Leonard and B. C. Hardinge (Eds) Coal Preparation (5th Edt.), SME-AIME, Colorado.