COMPARING THE ERA OF AMERICAN McCARTHYISM TO THE POST-MODERN TURKISH MILITARY COUP OF FEBRUARY 28th, 1997

Yıl 2022, , 299 - 325, 17.06.2022

Fatih Ozturk

https://doi.org/10.52273/sduhfd..1093037

Öz

Bu makalede ilk olarak; özet bir şekilde ABD’deki McCartizmin tanımı ve kavramı ele alınacaktır. İkinci olarak; McCarty Döneminin Amerika’da temel hürriyetleri nasıl etkilediği incelenecektir. Üçüncü olarak; Türk Ordusu’nun askeri darbelerinin arka planı takdim edildikten sonra 28 Şubat askeri darbesinin Türk toplumunda temel hürriyetleri nasıl etkilediği incelenecektir. Bu makalenin gayesi, McCartizm Dönemi ve onun ABD’deki temel hürriyetleri nasıl etkilediğinin analizini yaparak, Türkiye usulü McCartizm olan 28 Şubat askeri darbesinin temel hürriyetlere olan etkisini gözden geçirmektir. Sonuç olarak, temel hürriyetler açısından McCartizmin ABD ve Türkiye’de nasıl işlediği incelenecektir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

McCartizm, Temel Hürriyetler, Türk Ordusu Darbesi, 28 Şubat, Soğuk Savaş

COMPARING THE ERA OF AMERICAN McCARTHYISM TO THE POST-MODERN TURKISH MILITARY COUP OF FEBRUARY 28th, 1997

Öz

I will first begin with a brief discussion of the concept and definition of McCarthyism in the United States of America. Secondly, I will discuss the McCarthyism Era and how it affected civil liberties within the US. Lastly, I will present a brief historical background of Turkish Military Coups during the Republican era of Turkey, and discuss the February 28 Military Coup in context of how it affected civil liberties in Turkish society. The objective of this paper is to present an analysis of the McCarthyism Era and the resultant civil liberties of the U.S.A., and to understand the Turkish version of McCarthyism and its effects on Turkish civil liberties after the military coup d'état of February 28th, 1997. To conclude, the work will provide a broader view of McCarthyism in America and contrast it with that of the divergent perspective of the alternate McCarthyism that swayed Turkey’s civil liberties.

Anahtar Kelimeler

McCarthyism, Civil liberties, Turkish Military Coup, February 28, the Cold War

Kaynakça

• Alien Registration Act, available at; https://spartacus-educational.com/USAalien.htm (last visited on February 6, 2021).
• Belknap, Michal R., Cold War Political Justice: The Smith Act, The Communist Party, and American Civil Liberties (Greenwood Press, Westport, 1977)
• The Fight For The Right To Counsel, 85 Ohio History (1976).
• Black’s Law Dictionary (7th ed., The West Group, St. Paul, 1999).
• Chemirinsky, Erwin, Constitutional Law: Principles and Policies (2nd ed., Aspen Law & Business, New York, 2002).
• Cole, David, The New McCarthyism: Repeating History in the War on Terrorism, 38 Harv. C.R.-C.L. L. Rev. 1 (2003).
• Fried, Richard M., The McCarthy Era in Perspective: Nightmare in Red (New York, OUP, 1990).
• Hall, Kermit H., The Magic Mirror: Law in American History (OUP, New York, 1989).
• Hirsch, Eric Donald, Jr., Joseph F. Kett, James Trefil, The Dictionary of Cultural Literacy (Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, New York, 2002).
• Kocabaş, Süleyman, Postmodern Darbe Süreci: 28 Şubat’a Doping, Şubat-Mart 1998 Sendromları [The Period of Post-Modern Military Coup D’état: Supporting February 28, Syndromes of February-March 1998] (Vatan Yayınları, Kayseri, 1998).
• Refahyol Hükümeti Sonunun Perde Arkası: Türkiye’nin Sendromları 1996-1997 [The Background of The Refahyol Government’s Collapse: Syndromes of Turkey, 1996-1997], (Vatan Yayınları, Kayseri, 1997).
• Kutler, Stanley I., The American Inquisition: Justice and In Justice In the Cold War (2nd ed., Hill and Wang, New York, 1983).
• Larrabee, F. Stephen & Ian O. Lesser, Turkish Foreign Policy in An Age of Uncertainty, (Rand Corporation, Santa Monica, 2003).
• Matsuda, Mari J., Foreword: McCarthyism, the Internment and the Contradictions of Power, 40 B.C.L. Rev. 24 (1998).
• McCarthyism, available at; https://spartacuseducational.com/USAmccarthyism.htm (last visited on February, 7, 2021).
• Örücü, Esin, Turkish Experiences in Human Rights Cases, in Judicial Comparativism in Human Rights Cases, ed. Esin Örücü, (BIICL, London, 2003).
• Özdemir, Hikmet, Ordunun Olağandışı Rolü [Exceptional Role of the Army] (İz Yayıncılık, İstanbul, 1994).
• Rejim ve Asker [Regime and The Military] (İz Yayıncılık, Istanbul, 1993).
• Tarih ve Politika [History and Politics] (İz Yayıncılık, Istanbul, 1995).
• Türkiye Cumhuriyeti [Republic of Turkey] (İz Yayıncılık, Istanbul, 1995).
• Schrecker, Ellen, Many Are the Crimes: McCarthyism in America (Little, Brown and Company, Boston, New York, Toronto, London, 1998).
• Stone, Geoffry R., Constitutional Law (4th ed., Aspen Business & Law, New York, 2001).
• Thielens, Wagner, Academic Freedom Symposium, McCarthyism and Academic Freedom: Why Wasn’t Damage Worse? Some Answers from the Academic Mind, 22 Wm. Mitchell L. Rev. 421 (1996).
• Urofsky, Melvin I. & Paul Finkelman, A March of Liberty: A Constitutional History of The United States, Volume II, From 1877 to The Present (2nd ed., OUP; New York, 2002).
• Walker, Samuel, In Defence of American Liberties: A History of the ACLU (2nd ed., OUP, New York, 1999).
• Yazıcı, Serap, Türkiye’de Askeri Müdahalelerin Anayasal Etkileri [Constitutional Impacts of Military Coup D’états in Turkey] (Yetkin Yayınları, Ankara, 1997). Cases: Bailey v. Richardson (1951), 182 F.2d 46 (D.C. Cir. 1950)
• Brandenburg v. Ohio (1969), 395 U.S. 444 (1969)
• Noto v. U.S. (1961), 367 U.S. 290 (1961)
• Parker v. Lester (1955), 227 F.2d 708 (9th Cir. 1955)
• Sacher II al. v. United States (1952), 343 U.S. 1 (1952)
• United States v. Dennis (1950), 183 F.2d 201 (2d Cir. 1950)
• Yates v. U.S. (1957), 354 U.S. 298 (1957)
• Alien Registration Act, < https://spartacus-educational.com/USAalien.htm > accessed 6 February 2021
• See McCarthyism, <https://spartacuseducational.com/USAmccarthyism.htm > accessed 7 February 2021