Suçlu Dokunulmaz Mı?: Türkiye'de Toplumun Cezasızlık Algısı

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 15 Sayı: 2, 1627 - 1688, 30.12.2025

Sadullah Seyidoğlu

https://doi.org/10.52273/sduhfd..1756651

Öz

Bu çalışma, Türkiye'de 18 yaş üstü bireyler arasında cezasızlık algısının yapısını, yaygınlığını, temel nedenlerini, sonuçlarını ve bireysel deneyimlenme biçimlerini çok boyutlu bir perspektiften incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Cezasızlık algısı, suçluların fiilen veya hukuken ceza almadığına dair yaygın toplumsal inanç olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Araştırma, karma yöntem deseniyle (yakınsayan paralel) yürütülmüştür. Nicel veriler 600 katılımcıdan çevrimiçi anket yoluyla, nitel veriler ise ceza hukuku alanında deneyimli 12 avukatla yapılan yarı yapılandırılmış görüşmelerle toplanmıştır. Bulgular, Türkiye'de cezasızlık algısının toplumun büyük bir kesiminde yaygın ve derinleşmiş bir kanaat olduğunu göstermektedir. Katılımcıların çoğu, suçluların ceza almaktan kurtulduğuna ve adalet sisteminin yetersiz olduğuna inanmaktadır. Bu algı, özellikle genç nüfus arasında hukuka güveni ciddi biçimde aşındırmış ve son yıllarda belirgin bir artış göstermiştir. Medya ve sosyal medyanın algının oluşumunda ve pekişmesinde kritik bir rol oynadığı, infaz sistemindeki uygulamaların (şartlı salıverme, denetimli serbestlik gibi) cezasızlık hissini artırdığı tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca, siyasi ve ekonomik gücün yargı süreçlerini etkilediği, bunun da toplumsal eşitsizlik ve devlete güven kaybına yol açtığı vurgulanmıştır. Çalışma, cezasızlık algısının sadece bir “hissiyat” olmaktan öte, toplumsal bir “gerçeklik”, “olgu” veya “inanç” haline geldiğini, hukukun üstünlüğünü, yargı bağımsızlığını ve toplumsal huzuru tehdit eden yapısal bir sorun olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Bu durum, yargı bağımsızlığının güçlendirilmesi, hukuki süreçlerin iyileştirilmesi, infaz sisteminde değişikliğe gidilmesi gibi kapsamlı reformları acil kılmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Cezasızlık algısı , Adalet sistemi , Yargı bağımsızlığı , Türkiye , Karma yöntem araştırması

Are Criminals Untouchable?: Society's Perception of Impunity in Türkiye

Öz

This study aims to examine the structure, prevalence, underlying causes, consequences, and individual experiences of impunity among individuals aged 18 and over in Türkiye from a multidimensional perspective. The perception of impunity is defined as a widespread social belief that offenders do not receive punishment either in fact or in law. The research was conducted using a mixed-methods design (convergent parallel). Quantitative data were collected from 600 participants via an online survey, while qualitative data were gathered through semi-structured interviews with 12 lawyers experienced in criminal law. The findings indicate that the perception of impunity is widespread and deeply entrenched among a large segment of Turkish society. Most participants believe that criminals escape punishment and that the justice system is inadequate. This perception has seriously eroded trust in the law, particularly among the younger population, and has increased significantly in recent years. The media and social media were found to play a critical role in shaping and reinforcing this perception, while practices in the penal system (such as conditional release and probation) were found to increase the sense of impunity. Furthermore, it was emphasized that political and economic power influence judicial processes, leading to social inequality and a loss of trust in the state. The study reveals that the perception of impunity is more than just a “feeling”; it has become a social “reality,” “fact,” or “belief” and constitutes a structural problem that threatens the rule of law, judicial independence, and social peace. This situation necessitates comprehensive reforms, including strengthening judicial independence, improving legal processes, and reforming the penal system.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Perception of impunity , Justice system , Judicial independence , Türkiye , Mixed method research

Kaynakça

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