Crimes Committed in Outer Space and Criminal Jurisdiction

Öz

Domestic law, including criminal justice, will apply where the state's territory and sovereignty exist. In cases of disagreement, dispute, or crime committed in a space outside the state's jurisdiction, open to all nations and defined as common good or Common Heritage of Mankind, any attempt by a state to dictate its own law and sovereignty will undoubtedly lead to conflict, between the states or actors on the other side of the dispute. This, coupled with the privatization of space exploration and the entry of new actors to space research activities, both states and the private sector, will bring about a series of new problems that must be resolved in cases of disagreement and hostility between the parties. While political structures with multinational and transnational governance systems similar to the UN or the EU have been proposed as a solution to this situation, the problems currently faced by existing examples and the criticisms leveled against them cast doubt on the reliability of regulations developed based on these principles. Therefore, the aim of this study is to focus on some of the controversial issues and propose some alternatives without offering definitive solutions. This is consistent with the fundamental characteristic of space law, which is a new and rapidly evolving legal field.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Criminal Jurisdiction
• Outer Space Treaty
• Space Law
• Criminal Jurisdiction in International Law
• Crimes Committed in Space

Uzayda İşlenen Suçlar ve Cezai Sorumluluk

Öz

Ceza yargısını da içine alan ulusal hukuk, devletin ülkesinin ve egemenliğinin var olduğu yerde söz konusu olacaktır. Devletinin yetkisinin dışında kalan ve herkese açık ve yine herkesin ortak malı olarak tarif edilen bir alanda, anlaşmazlık, ihtilaf veya suç işlenmesi durumlarında bir devletin kendi hukukunu işletme çabası elbette ve mutlaka ihtilafa yol açacak ve anlaşmazlığın diğer tarafında yer alan devlet veya aktörler bu duruma itiraz edecektir. Bu da uzay araştırmalarının gelişmesi ve gerek devletler gerekse de özel sektör olsun yeni aktörlerin bu alana dahil olması, taraflar arasında anlaşmazlık ve husumet hallerinde çözüme ulaştırılması gereken bir dizi yeni sorunu da beraberinde getirecektir. Bu duruma çözüm olarak BM veya AB benzeri çok uluslu ve ulusötesi (supranasyonel) yönetim sistemlerine sahip siyasi yapılar önerilse de mevcut örneklerin halihazırda yaşadığı sorunlar ve kendilerine yöneltilen eleştiriler, bu sayılanlar temel alınarak geliştirilecek düzenlemelerin güvenilirliğine de şüphe düşürmektedir. Bu noktada çalışmanın amacı, tartışmalı konulardan bazılarına odaklanmak ve kesin çözümler sunmadan uzay hukuku kapsamında alternatifler önermektir. Bu durum uzay hukukunun yeni ve hızla gelişen bir hukuk alanı olmasıyla da uyumludur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Ceza Yargısı
• Dış Uzay Antlaşması
• Uzay Hukuku
• Uluslararası Hukukta Cezai Yargı Yetkisi
• Uzayda İşlenen Suçlar

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