NEDEN DEVLETLER KİTLESEL MÜLTECİ AKINLARINDA KÜLFET PAYLAŞIMINDA BULUNURLAR?

Yıl 2015, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 2, 65 - 110, 05.08.2016

Meltem Ineli-ciger

Öz

Sorumluluk paylaşımı olarak da adlandırılan külfet paylaşımı, kamu mallarının ve ortak girişimlerin maliyetinin devletler arasında nasıl paylaşılması gerektiği ile ilgilenir. Kitlesel mülteci akınlarında külfet paylaşımı bu akın ile ilgili maliyet ve sorumlulukların paylaşımı anlamına gelir. Külfet paylaşımı mülteci akınlarının daha iyi bir şekilde yönetilmesi ve sağlanan korumanın daha çok kişiye ulaştırılabilmesi için vazgeçilmezdir. Buna rağmen Mültecilerin Hukuki Statüsüne İlişkin Cenevre Sözleşmeşi kapsamında sözleşme yükümlülüklerini paylaşma zorunluluğu bulunmamaktadır. Avrupa Birliği'nin İşleyişine Dair Antlaşma’nın 80. Maddesi dışında devletlerin başka devletlerin mültecilere ilişkin külfetlerini paylaşmak zorunluluğunu barındıran ve bu zorunluluğu yaptırıma bağlayan uluslararası ve bölgesel bir anlaşma da bulunmamaktadır. Külfet paylaşımını düzenleyen uluslararası hukuki bir çerçevenin yokluğunu göz önünde bulundurarak bu makale, devletleri kitlesel akınlarda külfet paylaşımına sevk eden nedenleri araştırmaktadır. Bu nedenleri belirlemek için, külfet paylaşımının kitlesel akınlarda sağladığı yararlar ortaya konulacak, külfet paylaşımı ile ilgili mevcut literatür çözmede önemli rol oynayan iki külfet paylaşımı uygulaması incelenecektir. akınlarınlarında devletleri işbirliği ve külfet paylaşımına iten nedenler belirlenecektir. belirlenmesinden uygulanabilen bir külfet paylaşımı önerisi getirilebilir mi sorusu tartışılacaktır. Bu konuların incelenmesi sonucu mülteci akınlarınlarında devletleri işbirliği ve külfet paylaşımına iten nedenler belirlenecektir. Makalenin son bölümünde bu nedenlerin belirlenmesinden yola çıkılarak tüm mülteci akınlarında uygulanabilen bir külfet paylaşımı önerisi getirilebilir mi sorusu tartışılacaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Külfet paylaşımı, Kitlesel mülteci akını, Mülteci akınlarında devletlerarası yardımlaşma, Kosova Mülteci krizi, Vietnamlı Mülteciler, Devletlerarası işbirliğinin şartları

WHY DO STATES SHARE THE BURDEN DURING REFUGEE EMERGENCIES?

Öz

Burden sharing, which is sometimes referred to as responsibility sharing, deals with how costs of common initiatives or the provision of public goods should be shared between states. Burden sharing in mass influx situations implies sharing the costs and responsibilities associated with the displacement. The principal instrument for the protection of refugees worldwide, the Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees does not create a duty for its signatories to share the asylum related burdens of another state in mass influx situations. Except Article 80 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union there are no enforceable international or regional treaties that oblige states to share the asylum related burdens of another state. In the light of the absence of a legal framework obliging states to participate in burden sharing arrangements, this article addresses the question: What does motivate states to share the burden in mass influx situations? To address this question, this article reviews various literature on burden sharing including past proposals by James C. Hathaway and Peter Schuck and analyses two burden sharing practices namely, the Comprehensive Plan of Action and the Humanitarian Evacuation Programme which played crucial roles in solving the Vietnamese and Kosovar refugee crises. Following this analysis, the article identifies different elements that motivate states to share the burden in mass influx situations and examines whether these elements can be integrated to a generic burden sharing proposal

Anahtar Kelimeler

Burden sharing, asylum, mass influx situations solidarity, Humanitarian Evacuation Programme, the Comprehensive Plan of Action, international cooperation, solidarity

Kaynakça

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