Sigara İçen Erkeklerin Konik Işınlı Bilgisayarlı Tomografi Taramalarında Servikal Vertebranın Fraktal Boyut Analizi

Yıl 2024, , 29 - 37, 22.04.2024

Aslıhan Artaş , Elif Meltem Aslan Öztürk

https://doi.org/10.22312/sdusbed.1388544

Öz

Amaç: Bu çalışmada, sigara içen ve içmeyen erkeklerde vertebral fraktal boyut (FB) değerlerinin karşılaştırılması amaçlandı.
Gereç ve Yöntemler: Bu çalışmada 144 erkek hastanın konik ışınlı bilgisayarlı tomografi (KIBT) görüntüleri değerlendirilmiş, sigara içen 72 kişi çalışma grubunu, sigara içmeyen 72 kişi ise sağlıklı kontrol grubunu oluşturmuştur. Tüm KIBT görüntülerinde, ikinci servikal vertabrayı (C2) değerlendiren ilgi alanı (region of interest) (ROI), C2'nin koronal görünümü referans alınarak ROI-v için 45x45 piksel boyutu olarak seçildi.
Bulgular: Sigara içen grupta ROI-v'nin ortalama FB değeri 1,118±0,85 iken, sigara içmeyen grupta ROI-v'nin ortalama FB değeri 1,221±1,12 idi. ROI-v değerleri arasında bulunan fark istatistiksel açıdan anlamlıdır. (p < 0.05)
Sonuç: Servikal omurların fraktal analizi, sigara içen erkeklerde osteoporotik değişikliklerin değerlendirilmesine yardımcı olabilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Sigara, fraktal analiz, konik ışınlı bilgisayarlı tomografi, servikal vertabra

Fractal Dimension Analysis of Cervical Vertebra on Cone-Beam Computed Tomography Scans of Smoker Males

Öz

Objective: This study aimed to comparison of vertebral fractal dimension (FD) values among smoker and non-smoker males.
Material and Methods: Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images of 144 male patients were evaluated, 72 smokers constituted the study group, while 72 non-smokers formed the healthy control group in this study. In all CBCT images, the region of interest (ROI) assessing the second cervical vertebra (C2) was chosen as a 45x45 pixel size for ROI-v with reference to the coronal view of C2.
Results: While the mean FD value of ROI-v in the smoker group was 1.118±0.85, the mean FD value of ROI-v in the non-smoker group was 1.221±1.12. This difference between ROI-v values is also statistically significant (p < 0.05).
Conclusion: Fractal analysis of cervical vertebrae may help to evaluate osteoporotic changes in smoker males.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Cigarette, fractal analysis, cone-beam computed tomography, cervical vertebrae

Kaynakça

• [1] Khalil MAM, Tan J, Khamis S, Khalil MAU, Azmat R, Ullah AR. 2017. Cigarette smoking and its hazards in kidney transplantation. Adv Med, 6213814.
• [2] Organization WH.2017. WHO report on the global tobacco epidemic, 2017: monitoring tobacco use and prevention policies. World Health Organization.
• [3] Celermajer DS, Sorensen KE, Georgakopoulos D, Bull, C, Thomas O, Robinson J, et al. 1993. Cigarette smoking is associated with dose-related and potentially reversible impairment of endothelium-dependent dilation in healthy young adults. Circulation, 88, 2149-55.
• [4] Basavarajappa S, Ramachandra VK and Kumar S. 2021. Fractal dimension and lacunarity analysis of mandibular bone on digital panoramic radiographs of tobacco users. J Dent Res Dent Clin Dent Prospects, 15, 140.
• [5] Aspray TJ and Hill TR. Osteoporosis and the ageing skeleton. 2019. Biochemistry and cell biology of ageing: Part II Clinical Science, 91, 453-76.
• [6] Sözen T, Özışık L, Başaran NÇ. 2017. An overview and management of osteoporosis. Eur J Rheumatol, 4(1), 46-56.
• [7] Bijlsma A, Meskers C, Westendorp R, Maier A. 2012. Chronology of age-related disease definitions: osteoporosis and sarcopenia. Ageing Res Rev, 11, 320-4.
• [8] Marcucci G, Brandi ML. 2015. Rare causes of osteoporosis. Clin Cases Miner Bone Metab, 12(2),151.
• [9] Strehl C, Spies CM, Buttgereit F. 2011. Pharmacodynamics of glucocorticoids. Clin Exp Rheumatol, 5(68), 13-8.
• [10] Ryan C, Petkov V, Adler R. 2011. Osteoporosis in men: the value of laboratory testing. Osteoporos Int, 22(6), 1845-53.
• [11] Høiberg M, Rubin KH, Hermann A, Brixen K, Abrahamsen B. 2016. Diagnostic devices for osteoporosis in the general population: a systematic review. Bone, 92, 58-69.
• [12] Nakamoto T, Taguchi A, Ohtsuka M, Suei Y, Fujita M, Tanimoto K, et al. 2003. Dental panoramic radiograph as a tool to detect postmenopausal women with low bone mineral density: untrained general dental practitioners’ diagnostic performance. Osteoporos Int, 14(8), 659-64.
• [13] Ergun S, Saraçoglu A, Guneri P, Ozpınar B. 2009. Application of fractal analysis in hyperparathyroidism. Dentomaxillofac Radiol, 38(5), 281-9.
• [14] Heo M-S, Park K-S, Lee S-S, Choi S-C, Koak J-Y, Heo S-J, et al. 2002. Fractal analysis of mandibular bony healing after orthognathic surgery. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod, 94(6), 763-7.
• [15] Demiralp KÖ, Kurşun-Çakmak EŞ, Bayrak S, Akbulut N, Atakan C, Orhan K. 2019. Trabecular structure designation using fractal analysis technique on panoramic radiographs of patients with bisphosphonate intake: a preliminary study. Oral Radiol, 35(1), 23-8.
• [16] Sanchez-Molina D, Velazquez-Ameijide J, Quintana V, Arregui-Dalmases C, Crandall J, Subit D, et al. 2013. Fractal Dimension And Mechanical Properties Of Human Cortical Bone. Med Eng Phys, 35(5), 576-82.
• [17] Yang YH, Li B, Zheng XF, Chen JW, Chen K, Jiang SD, et al. 2017. Oxidative damage to osteoblasts can be alleviated by early autophagy througn the endoplasmic reticulum stress pathway-Implications for the treatment of osteoporosis. Free Radical Bio Med, 77, 10-20.
• [18] Hou W, Chen S, Zhu C, Gu Y, Zhu L and Zhou Z. 2023. Associations between smoke exposure and osteoporosis or osteopenia in a US NHANES population of elderly individuals. Front Endocrinol, 14, 1074574.
• [19] Weng W, Li H, Zhu S. 2022. An overlooked bone metabolic disorder: cigarette smoking-induced osteoporosis. Genes, 13(5), 806.
• [20] Güleç M, Taşsöker M, Şener S. 2019. Tıpta ve Diş Hekimliğinde Fraktal Analiz. Ege Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi Dergisi, 40(1), 17-31.
• [21] Mostafa RA, Arnout EA, Abo el-Fotouh MM. 2016. Feasibility of cone beam computed tomography radiomorphometric analysis and fractal dimension in assessment of postmenopausal osteoporosis in correlation with dual X-ray absorptiometry. Dentomaxillofac Radiol, 45, 20160212.
• [22] Ruttimann UE, Webber RL, Hazelrig JB. 1992. Fractal dimension from radiographs of peridental alveolar bone: a possible diagnostic indicator of osteoporosis. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol, 74(1), 98-110.
• [23] Hua Y, Nackaerts O, Duyck J, Maes F, Jacobs R. 2009. Bone quality assessment based on cone beam computed tomography imaging. Clin Oral Implants Res, 20(8), 767-71.
• [24] Carvalho BF, de Castro JGK, de Melo NS, de Souza Figueiredo PT, Moreira-Mesquita CR, de Paula AP, et al. 2022. Fractal dimension analysis on CBCT scans for detecting low bone mineral density in postmenopausal women. Imaging Sci Dent, 52(1), 53.
• [25] Zihni Korkmaz M, Yemenoğlu H, Günaçar DN, Ustaoğlu G, Ateş Yildirim E. 2023. The effects of vitamin D deficiency on mandibular bone structure: a retrospective radiological study. Oral Radiol, 39(1), 67-74.
• [26] Koh K-J, Park H-N, Kim K-A. 2012. Prediction of age-related osteoporosis using fractal analysis on panoramic radiographs. Imaging Sci Dent, 42(4), 231-5.
• [27] Shrout M, Hildebolt C, Potter B. 1997. The effect of varying the region of interest on calculations of fractal index. Dentomaxillofac Radiol, 26(5), 295-8.
• [28] Gulec M, Tassoker M, Ozcan S, Orhan K. 2021. Evaluation of the mandibular trabecular bone in patients with bruxism using fractal analysis. Oral Radiol, 37(1), 36-45.
• [29] Tamaki J, Iki M, Fujita Y, Kouda K, Yura A, Kadowaki E, et al. 2011. Impact of smoking on bone mineral density and bone metabolism in elderly men: the Fujiwara-kyo Osteoporosis Risk in Men (FORMEN) study. Osteoporos Int, 22(1), 133-41.
• [30] An BM, Heo MS, Lee SP, Lee SS, Choi SC, Park TW, et al. 2002. Effect of exposure time and image resolution on fractal dimension. Korean J Oral Maxillofac Radiol, 32, 75-9.
• [31] Chappard C, Brunet-Imbault B, Lemineur G, Giraudeau B, Basillais A, Harba R, et al. 2005. Anisotropy changes in post-menopausal osteoporosis: characterization by a new index applied to trabecular bone radiographic images. Osteoporos Int, 16(10), 1193-1202.
• [32] Ward KD, Klesges RC. 2001. A meta-analysis of the effects of cigarette smoking on bone mineral density. Calcif Tissue Int, 68, 259-70.