Meme Kanseri ve Nutrigenetik: Tek Gen Polimorfizmleri ve Beslenme İlişkisi

Öz

Anormal hücrelerin kontrolsüz bir şekilde bölünmesi, oluştuğu dokuda kalması ve/veya yakın ve uzak dokulara sıçraması ile karakterize olan meme kanserinin başlangıç dokusu memedir. Her iki memede de görülebilen meme kanseri, meme ucu ve meme derisi anormallikleri, meme ülserasyonları ve üst ekstremitelerde ödem ve ağrı gibi semptomlarla ortaya çıkabilmektedir. Çoğunlukla kadınlarda görülmekle birlikte erkelerde de çok az oranlarda görülen meme kanseri ülkemizde insidansı en yüksek görülen kanserler arasındadır. Risk faktörleri arasında yaş çok etkindir. Yaşı takiben ailede pozitif meme kanseri öyküsü olması da meme kanserine yakalanma riskini artırmaktadır. Meme kanseri gelişiminde çok çeşitli genetik ve epigenetik varyasyonlar yer almaktadır. Genetik mutasyonların aksine tek bir gende meydana gelen polimorfizmlerin uygun beslenme ile yönetimi sonucunda meme kanseri günümüzde önlenebilir bir hastalık olmaya başlamıştır. Sayısı net olarak bilinmeyen meme kanserinden sorumlu bu polimorfizmlerin, meme kanseri gelişiminin farklı yolakları üzerindeki etkisi değiştirilebilir çevresel etmenlerden öncü konumda olan beslenme ile yönetilebilmekte ve hastalık gelişim seyri azaltılmaktadır. Nutrigenetik bilimi doğrultusunda, genlerde oluşan polimorfizmlerin, meme kanseri gelişimini önlemesi amacıyla yönetiminde kişiselleştirilmiş, kansere özgü beslenme düzeni ve alışkanlıkları sürecin yönetiminde etkili faktör olacaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Tek Gen Polimorfizmleri
• Meme Kanseri
• Nutrigenetik

Breast Cancer and Nutrıgenetics: Single Gene Polymorphisms and Nutritional Relationship

Öz

Breast cancer is characterised by the uncontrolled division of abnormal cells, which remain in the tissue where they originate and/or spread to nearby and distant tissues. Breast cancer, which can occur in both breasts, may present with symptoms such as nipple and breast skin abnormalities, breast ulcerations, and oedema and pain in the upper extremities. Although it is mostly seen in women, breast cancer is also seen in men at very low rates and is among the cancers with the highest incidence in our country. Age is very effective among risk factors. Following age, a positive family history of breast cancer also increases the risk of developing breast cancer. A wide range of genetic and epigenetic variations are involved in the development of breast cancer. Unlike genetic mutations, breast cancer has become a preventable disease today as a result of the management of polymorphisms occurring in a single gene with appropriate nutrition. The effect of these polymorphisms responsible for breast cancer, the number of which is unknown, on different pathways of breast cancer development can be managed by nutrition, which is in the leading position among modifiable environmental factors, and the course of disease development is reduced. In line with the science of nutrigenetics, personalised, cancer-specific diet and habits will be an effective factor in the management of polymorphisms in genes in order to prevent the development of breast cancer.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Single Gene Polymorphisms
• Breast Cancer
• Nutrigenetics

Kaynakça

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