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From Awareness to Action: The Power of Knowledge and Media Influence in Shaping Women's Breast Self-Examination Behaviors and Influencing Factors

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 16 Sayı: 3, 336 - 346, 22.12.2025
https://doi.org/10.22312/sdusbed.1637384

Öz

Aim: This study aims to evaluate women's breast self-examination (BSE) behaviors and the factors influencing their decision to perform BSE. Method: This study is a cross-sectional study conducted on volunteer women aged 18 and above and applied to the family health center in Isparta between March and July 2024. The study was completed with 379 volunteer female participants. The questionnaire form, consisted of 19 questions, included questions regarding women's sociodemographic, health characteristics, and BSE knowledge and practice. Results: The mean age of the women participating in the study was 37.99±12.03, with an age range of 18 to 64 years. Although 59.1% of the women stated that they performed BSE, 70.7% reported not doing it regularly. The study found that the rate of regular BSE practice once a month is only 33.8%. Women who had encountered information about BSE on social media (%71.6, p<0.001) or on television (%72.6, p<0.001) had significantly higher rates of BSE practice. Conclusion: This study highlights the need for increased awareness and regular practice of BSE among women.

Kaynakça

  • 1. World Health Organization (WHO). Breast cancer [Internet]. 2024 [cited 2024 Mar 13]. Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/breast-cancer
  • 2. Sun Y-S, Zhao Z, Yang Z-N, Xu F, Lu H-J, Zhu Z-Y, et al. Risk Factors and Preventions of Breast Cancer. Int J Biol Sci. 2017;13(11):1387–97. doi: 10.7150/ijbs.21635
  • 3. Rojas K, Stuckey A. Breast Cancer Epidemiology and Risk Factors. Clin Obstet Gynecol. 2016;59(4):651–72.
  • 4. International Agency for Research on Cancer. Globocan 2020 [Internet]. 2022 [cited 2024 Oct 13]. Available from: https://gco.iarc.who.int/media/globocan/factsheets/populations/792-turkiye-fact-sheet.pdf
  • 5. Sachs JD. From millennium development goals to sustainable development goals. Lancet. 2012;379:2206–11.
  • 6. World Health Organization (WHO). The Global Breast Cancer Initiative [Internet]. 2025 [cited 2025 Feb 10]. Available from: https://www.who.int/initiatives/global-breast-cancer-initiative
  • 7. Israel E, Awoke N, Yakob T, Amdehiwot A, Talto A, Bezabih K. Determinants of breast self-examination practice among women attending pastoralist health facilities, Southern Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study. BMC Womens Health. 2023;23(14):1–9. doi: 10.1186/s12905-023-02158-w
  • 8. Özmen V, Özmen T, Doğru V. Breast Cancer in Turkey; An Analysis of 20.000 Patients with Breast Cancer. Eur J Breast Heal. 2019;15(3):141–6. doi: 10.5152/ejbh.2019.4890
  • 9. Şişman H, Arslan S, Gökçe E, Akpolat R, Alptekin D, Gezer D. Kendi Kendine Meme Muayenesi Eğitiminin Öğrenci Hemşirelerin Bilgi ve Uygulamalarına Etkisi: Deneysel Çalışma. Turkiye Klin J Nurs Sci. 2022;14(2):304–10. doi: 10.5336/nurses.2021-85367
  • 10. İncesu O, Kara Ö, Şenyuva E. The effect of web based and traditional self breast examination education on nursing students’ knowledge, skills and self-directed learning skills: A randomised controlled study. Nurse Educ Pract. 2024;81:104167. doi: 10.1016/j.nepr.2024.104167
  • 11. Höbek Akarsu R, Yüzer Alsaç S. Determining Nursing Students’ Knowledge and Practice Level of Breast Self Examination. Bozok Med J. 2019;9(3):115–21. doi: 10.16919/bozoktip.569248
  • 12. Karaca PP, Koyucu RG. Evaluation of health care students’ knowledge on breast cancer. Androl Bul. 2020;22:94–102. doi: 10.24898/tandro.2020.72325
  • 13. Gümüş Şekerci Y, Sohbet R. The Effect of Education Breast Cancer and Early Diagnosis Methods on the Students’ Health Knowledge, Belief And Practice*. J Acad Res Nurs. 2019;5(3):204–12. doi: 10.5222/jaren.2019.48343
  • 14. Mavi Aydoğdu SG, Karapelit Z. Ebelik öğrencilerinin kendi kendine meme muayenesi ile ilgili bilgi ve tutumlarının belirlenmesi. Androloji Bülteni. 2017;19(3):78–85. doi: 10.24898/tandro.2017.39200
  • 15. Koc G, Gulen Savas H, Ergol S, Yildirim Cetinkaya M, Aydin N. Female university students’ knowledge and practice of breast self-examination in Turkey. Niger J Clin Pract. 2019;22(3):410–5. doi: 10.4103/njcp.njcp_341_18
  • 16. Çömezoğlu E, Murat Öztürk D, Sayiner FD. Evaluation of Breast Cancer Risk and Self-Breast Examination Behavior of Women Residing in Amasya Provincial Center. J World Women Stud. 2023;8(2):365–71. doi: 10.5281/zenodo.8431290
  • 17. Republic of Turkey Ministry of Health. Kendi Kendine Meme Muayenesi [Internet]. 2023. Available from: https://hsgm.saglik.gov.tr/depo/birimler/kanser-db/Dokumanlar/Afis_ve_Brosurler/14-_KKMM_Brosuru_1-2_1-2.pdf
  • 18. Rahman SA, Al–Marzouki A, Otim M, Khalil Khayat NEH, Yousef R, Rahman P. Awareness about Breast Cancer and Breast Self-Examination among Female Students at the University of Sharjah: A Cross-Sectional Study. Asian Pacific J Cancer Prev. 2019;20(6):1901–8. doi:10.31557/APJCP.2019.20.6.1901
  • 19. Şen S, Başar F. Kütahya bölgesinde yaşayan kadınların kendi kendine meme muayenesi ve meme kanseri ile ilgili bilgi düzeyleri. Meme Sağlığı Derg. 2012;8(4):185–90.
  • 20. Öcalan D, Demir R. Doğurganlık çağındaki kadınların meme kanserini önleme davranışlarını etkileyen faktörler. Anatol J Heal Res. 2024;5(1):15–22. doi: 10.61534/anatoljhr.1385877
  • 21. Çidem F, Ersin F. Kadınların sosyal destek ve öz etkililik algılarının meme kanseri erken tanı davranışlarına etkisi. Koç Üniversitesi Hemşirelikte Eğitim ve Araştırma Derg. 2019;16(3):183–90. doi:10.5222/HEAD.2019.183
  • 22. Pak N, Eliş Yıldız S. Kars/Sarıkamış İlçesinde Yaşayan Kadınların Kendi Kendine Meme Muayenesi Hakkındaki Sağlık İnançlarının İncelenmesi. J Midwifery Heal Sci. 2020;3(3):151–7.
  • 23. Özçelik EK, Seçginli S. Breast Cancer Screening Behaviors of Women Who have Family History of Breast Cancer. Sürekli Tıp Eğitimi Derg. 2022;31(3):183–92. doi:10.17942/sted.897058
  • 24. Mermer G, Güzekin Ö. The Risk of Breast Cancer in Women and The Use of Screening Methods. Van Sag Bil Derg. 2021;14(1):50–62. doi:10.52976/vansaglik.779311
  • 25. Taylan S, Çelik GK. Ailesel meme kanseri öyküsü olan ve olmayan kadınlarda meme kanseri tanılama davranışları. Cukurova Med J. 2020;45(4):1467–75. doi: 10.17826/cumj.735203
  • 26. Ullah Z, Khan MN, Din ZU, Afaq S. Breast Cancer Awareness and Associated Factors Amongst Women in Peshawar, Pakistan: A Cross-Sectional Study. 2021; 15: 1–9. doi: 10.1177/11782234211025346
  • 27. Gupta R, Gupta S, Mehrotra R, Sodhani P. Risk factors of breast cancer and breast self-examination in early detection: systematic review of awareness among Indian women in community and health care professionals. J Public Health. 2020;42(1). doi: 10.1093/pubmed/fdy228
  • 28. Sachdeva S, Mangalesh S, Dudani S. Knowledge, Attitude and Practices of Breast Self-Examination Amongst Indian Women: A Pan-India Study. Asian Pacific J Cancer Care. 2021;6(2):141–7. doi:10.31557/APJCC.2021.6.2.141
  • 29. Jafari M, Nassehi A, Moayeri H, Baghi V, Gheshlagh RG. The Prevalence of Breast Self-Examination Practice Among Women in Iran: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Indian J Gynecol Oncol. 2025;23(14):1–14. doi: 10.1007/s40944-024-00943-5
  • 30. Mareta MD, Widiyanti D, Efriani R, Dewi R, Yuniarti. Health Education About Breast Self-Examination (BSE) For Women Of Reproductive Age. Proceeding Bengkulu Int Conf Heal. 2024;3(1):114–9.
  • 31. Seifu W, Mekonen L. Breast self-examination practice among women in Africa: a systematic review and Meta-analysis. Arch Public Heal. 2021;79(149):1–17. doi: 10.1186/s13690-021-00671-8
  • 32. Yeshitila YG, Kassa GM, Gebeyehu S, Memiah P, Desta M. Breast self-examination practice and its determinants among women in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2021;16(1):1–25. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0245252
  • 33. Koçak HS, Gümüş EÇ. Knowledge About Early Diagnosis of Breast Cancer, and Breast Cancer Risks Among Syrian Immigrants and Turkish Citizens: A Comparative, Cross-Sectional Study. Eur J Breast Heal. 2023;19(3):222–8. doi: 10.4274/ejbh.galenos.2023.2023-1-6
  • 34. Conte L, Lupo R, Lezzi A, Sciolti S, Rubbi I, Carvello M, et al. Breast Cancer Prevention Practices and Knowledge in Italian and Chinese Women in Italy: Clinical Checkups, Free NHS Screening Adherence, and Breast Self-Examination (BSE). J Cancer Educ. 2024; 1-14. doi: 10.1007/s13187-024-02463-4
  • 35. Apatić R, Lovrić R. Factors Related to the Knowledge and Practice of Breast Self-Examination: A Cross-Sectional Study. Eur J Breast Heal. 2023;19(3):215–21. doi: 10.4274/ejbh.galenos.2023.2023-1-4
  • 36. Francks L, Murray A, Wilson E. Barriers and facilitators to breast self-examination in women under 50 in an international context A qualitative systematic review. Int J Heal Promot Educ. 2023;1–18. doi: 10.1080/14635240.2023.2185804

Farkındalıktan Eyleme: Bilginin ve Medya Etkisinin Kadınların Kendi Kendine Meme Muayenesi Davranışlarını ve Etkileyen Faktörleri Şekillendirmedeki Gücü

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 16 Sayı: 3, 336 - 346, 22.12.2025
https://doi.org/10.22312/sdusbed.1637384

Öz

Amaç: Bu çalışmada kadınların kendi kendine meme muayenesi (KKMM) davranışları ve KKMM yapma kararlarını etkileyen faktörler değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Yöntem: Bu çalışma, Mart-Temmuz 2024 tarihleri arasında X şehir'daki aile sağlık merkezine başvuran 18 yaş ve üzeri gönüllü kadınlar üzerinde yürütülen kesitsel bir çalışmadır. Çalışma 379 gönüllü kadın katılımcı ile tamamlanmıştır. 19 sorudan oluşan anket formu, kadınların sosyodemografik, sağlık özellikleri ve KKMM bilgi ve uygulamaları ile ilgili soruları içermektedir. Bulgular: Çalışmaya katılan kadınların yaş ortalaması 37,99±12,03 olup yaş aralığı 18 ile 64 arasındadır. Kadınların %59,1'i KKMM yaptığını belirtmesine rağmen, %70,7'si düzenli olarak yapmadığını görülmüştür. Çalışmada, ayda bir kez düzenli BSE uygulama oranının yalnızca %33,8 olduğu bulunmuştur. Sosyal medyada (%71,6, p<0,001) veya televizyonda (%72,6, p<0,001) BSE hakkında bilgi edinen kadınların BSE uygulama oranları önemli ölçüde daha yüksek bulunmuştur. Sonuç: Bu çalışma, kadınlar arasında BSE konusunda farkındalığın ve düzenli uygulamanın artırılması gerektiğini vurgulamaktadır.

Kaynakça

  • 1. World Health Organization (WHO). Breast cancer [Internet]. 2024 [cited 2024 Mar 13]. Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/breast-cancer
  • 2. Sun Y-S, Zhao Z, Yang Z-N, Xu F, Lu H-J, Zhu Z-Y, et al. Risk Factors and Preventions of Breast Cancer. Int J Biol Sci. 2017;13(11):1387–97. doi: 10.7150/ijbs.21635
  • 3. Rojas K, Stuckey A. Breast Cancer Epidemiology and Risk Factors. Clin Obstet Gynecol. 2016;59(4):651–72.
  • 4. International Agency for Research on Cancer. Globocan 2020 [Internet]. 2022 [cited 2024 Oct 13]. Available from: https://gco.iarc.who.int/media/globocan/factsheets/populations/792-turkiye-fact-sheet.pdf
  • 5. Sachs JD. From millennium development goals to sustainable development goals. Lancet. 2012;379:2206–11.
  • 6. World Health Organization (WHO). The Global Breast Cancer Initiative [Internet]. 2025 [cited 2025 Feb 10]. Available from: https://www.who.int/initiatives/global-breast-cancer-initiative
  • 7. Israel E, Awoke N, Yakob T, Amdehiwot A, Talto A, Bezabih K. Determinants of breast self-examination practice among women attending pastoralist health facilities, Southern Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study. BMC Womens Health. 2023;23(14):1–9. doi: 10.1186/s12905-023-02158-w
  • 8. Özmen V, Özmen T, Doğru V. Breast Cancer in Turkey; An Analysis of 20.000 Patients with Breast Cancer. Eur J Breast Heal. 2019;15(3):141–6. doi: 10.5152/ejbh.2019.4890
  • 9. Şişman H, Arslan S, Gökçe E, Akpolat R, Alptekin D, Gezer D. Kendi Kendine Meme Muayenesi Eğitiminin Öğrenci Hemşirelerin Bilgi ve Uygulamalarına Etkisi: Deneysel Çalışma. Turkiye Klin J Nurs Sci. 2022;14(2):304–10. doi: 10.5336/nurses.2021-85367
  • 10. İncesu O, Kara Ö, Şenyuva E. The effect of web based and traditional self breast examination education on nursing students’ knowledge, skills and self-directed learning skills: A randomised controlled study. Nurse Educ Pract. 2024;81:104167. doi: 10.1016/j.nepr.2024.104167
  • 11. Höbek Akarsu R, Yüzer Alsaç S. Determining Nursing Students’ Knowledge and Practice Level of Breast Self Examination. Bozok Med J. 2019;9(3):115–21. doi: 10.16919/bozoktip.569248
  • 12. Karaca PP, Koyucu RG. Evaluation of health care students’ knowledge on breast cancer. Androl Bul. 2020;22:94–102. doi: 10.24898/tandro.2020.72325
  • 13. Gümüş Şekerci Y, Sohbet R. The Effect of Education Breast Cancer and Early Diagnosis Methods on the Students’ Health Knowledge, Belief And Practice*. J Acad Res Nurs. 2019;5(3):204–12. doi: 10.5222/jaren.2019.48343
  • 14. Mavi Aydoğdu SG, Karapelit Z. Ebelik öğrencilerinin kendi kendine meme muayenesi ile ilgili bilgi ve tutumlarının belirlenmesi. Androloji Bülteni. 2017;19(3):78–85. doi: 10.24898/tandro.2017.39200
  • 15. Koc G, Gulen Savas H, Ergol S, Yildirim Cetinkaya M, Aydin N. Female university students’ knowledge and practice of breast self-examination in Turkey. Niger J Clin Pract. 2019;22(3):410–5. doi: 10.4103/njcp.njcp_341_18
  • 16. Çömezoğlu E, Murat Öztürk D, Sayiner FD. Evaluation of Breast Cancer Risk and Self-Breast Examination Behavior of Women Residing in Amasya Provincial Center. J World Women Stud. 2023;8(2):365–71. doi: 10.5281/zenodo.8431290
  • 17. Republic of Turkey Ministry of Health. Kendi Kendine Meme Muayenesi [Internet]. 2023. Available from: https://hsgm.saglik.gov.tr/depo/birimler/kanser-db/Dokumanlar/Afis_ve_Brosurler/14-_KKMM_Brosuru_1-2_1-2.pdf
  • 18. Rahman SA, Al–Marzouki A, Otim M, Khalil Khayat NEH, Yousef R, Rahman P. Awareness about Breast Cancer and Breast Self-Examination among Female Students at the University of Sharjah: A Cross-Sectional Study. Asian Pacific J Cancer Prev. 2019;20(6):1901–8. doi:10.31557/APJCP.2019.20.6.1901
  • 19. Şen S, Başar F. Kütahya bölgesinde yaşayan kadınların kendi kendine meme muayenesi ve meme kanseri ile ilgili bilgi düzeyleri. Meme Sağlığı Derg. 2012;8(4):185–90.
  • 20. Öcalan D, Demir R. Doğurganlık çağındaki kadınların meme kanserini önleme davranışlarını etkileyen faktörler. Anatol J Heal Res. 2024;5(1):15–22. doi: 10.61534/anatoljhr.1385877
  • 21. Çidem F, Ersin F. Kadınların sosyal destek ve öz etkililik algılarının meme kanseri erken tanı davranışlarına etkisi. Koç Üniversitesi Hemşirelikte Eğitim ve Araştırma Derg. 2019;16(3):183–90. doi:10.5222/HEAD.2019.183
  • 22. Pak N, Eliş Yıldız S. Kars/Sarıkamış İlçesinde Yaşayan Kadınların Kendi Kendine Meme Muayenesi Hakkındaki Sağlık İnançlarının İncelenmesi. J Midwifery Heal Sci. 2020;3(3):151–7.
  • 23. Özçelik EK, Seçginli S. Breast Cancer Screening Behaviors of Women Who have Family History of Breast Cancer. Sürekli Tıp Eğitimi Derg. 2022;31(3):183–92. doi:10.17942/sted.897058
  • 24. Mermer G, Güzekin Ö. The Risk of Breast Cancer in Women and The Use of Screening Methods. Van Sag Bil Derg. 2021;14(1):50–62. doi:10.52976/vansaglik.779311
  • 25. Taylan S, Çelik GK. Ailesel meme kanseri öyküsü olan ve olmayan kadınlarda meme kanseri tanılama davranışları. Cukurova Med J. 2020;45(4):1467–75. doi: 10.17826/cumj.735203
  • 26. Ullah Z, Khan MN, Din ZU, Afaq S. Breast Cancer Awareness and Associated Factors Amongst Women in Peshawar, Pakistan: A Cross-Sectional Study. 2021; 15: 1–9. doi: 10.1177/11782234211025346
  • 27. Gupta R, Gupta S, Mehrotra R, Sodhani P. Risk factors of breast cancer and breast self-examination in early detection: systematic review of awareness among Indian women in community and health care professionals. J Public Health. 2020;42(1). doi: 10.1093/pubmed/fdy228
  • 28. Sachdeva S, Mangalesh S, Dudani S. Knowledge, Attitude and Practices of Breast Self-Examination Amongst Indian Women: A Pan-India Study. Asian Pacific J Cancer Care. 2021;6(2):141–7. doi:10.31557/APJCC.2021.6.2.141
  • 29. Jafari M, Nassehi A, Moayeri H, Baghi V, Gheshlagh RG. The Prevalence of Breast Self-Examination Practice Among Women in Iran: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Indian J Gynecol Oncol. 2025;23(14):1–14. doi: 10.1007/s40944-024-00943-5
  • 30. Mareta MD, Widiyanti D, Efriani R, Dewi R, Yuniarti. Health Education About Breast Self-Examination (BSE) For Women Of Reproductive Age. Proceeding Bengkulu Int Conf Heal. 2024;3(1):114–9.
  • 31. Seifu W, Mekonen L. Breast self-examination practice among women in Africa: a systematic review and Meta-analysis. Arch Public Heal. 2021;79(149):1–17. doi: 10.1186/s13690-021-00671-8
  • 32. Yeshitila YG, Kassa GM, Gebeyehu S, Memiah P, Desta M. Breast self-examination practice and its determinants among women in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2021;16(1):1–25. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0245252
  • 33. Koçak HS, Gümüş EÇ. Knowledge About Early Diagnosis of Breast Cancer, and Breast Cancer Risks Among Syrian Immigrants and Turkish Citizens: A Comparative, Cross-Sectional Study. Eur J Breast Heal. 2023;19(3):222–8. doi: 10.4274/ejbh.galenos.2023.2023-1-6
  • 34. Conte L, Lupo R, Lezzi A, Sciolti S, Rubbi I, Carvello M, et al. Breast Cancer Prevention Practices and Knowledge in Italian and Chinese Women in Italy: Clinical Checkups, Free NHS Screening Adherence, and Breast Self-Examination (BSE). J Cancer Educ. 2024; 1-14. doi: 10.1007/s13187-024-02463-4
  • 35. Apatić R, Lovrić R. Factors Related to the Knowledge and Practice of Breast Self-Examination: A Cross-Sectional Study. Eur J Breast Heal. 2023;19(3):215–21. doi: 10.4274/ejbh.galenos.2023.2023-1-4
  • 36. Francks L, Murray A, Wilson E. Barriers and facilitators to breast self-examination in women under 50 in an international context A qualitative systematic review. Int J Heal Promot Educ. 2023;1–18. doi: 10.1080/14635240.2023.2185804
Toplam 36 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Doğum ve Kadın Hastalıkları Hemşireliği
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Hatice Bulut 0000-0001-5574-5681

Feyza Bardak 0000-0002-4589-7857

Gönderilme Tarihi 11 Şubat 2025
Kabul Tarihi 15 Mayıs 2025
Yayımlanma Tarihi 22 Aralık 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Cilt: 16 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

Vancouver Bulut H, Bardak F. From Awareness to Action: The Power of Knowledge and Media Influence in Shaping Women’s Breast Self-Examination Behaviors and Influencing Factors. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi. 2025;16(3):336-4.

CC

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License

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