Araştırma Makalesi
BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

Diyabetik Majör Alt Ekstremite Ampütasyonu Uygulanan Hastalarda Revizyon Cerrahisinde Önemli Olan Faktörlerin Analizi

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 16 Sayı: 3, 366 - 373, 22.12.2025
https://doi.org/10.22312/sdusbed.1671099

Öz

Amaç: Diyabetik ayak; ciddi morbidite, mortalite ve yüksek sosyoekonomik sorunlarla bağlantılı bir hastalıktır. Diyabetik ayaklarda yapılan revizyon ampütasyonlarına birçok risk faktörü etki etmektedir; ancak bu konuda literatürde görüş birliği bulunmamaktadır. Bu araştırmanın amacı, diyabetik major alt ekstremite ampütasyonu uygulanan hastalarda revizyon cerrahisini etkileyen önemli faktörlerin analizini yapmaktır.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Retrospektif türdeki bu araştırma, İzmir ilinde bir üniversite hastanesinde 10.04.2023-12.10.2023 tarihleri arasında yürütülmüştür. Araştırmaya, 2010-2022 yılları arasında diyabetik ayak nedeniyle cerrahi operasyon geçiren toplam 276 hasta dahil edilmiştir. Hastaların demografik özellikleri ile revizyon cerrahisi üzerindeki etkisi araştırılan periferik anjiografi veya periferik bypass öyküsü, operasyonu gerçekleştiren cerrahi branş, başvuru ve taburcu sırasında kaydedilen hemoglobin, trombosit, Hemoglobin A1c, albümin, sedimentasyon, C-Reaktif Protein, sodyum, potasyum düzeyleri, lenfosit/nötrofil oranı, kan transfüzyon ihtiyacı ve Charlson Komorbidite İndeksi gibi parametreler değerlendirilerek veriler kaydedilmiştir.
Bulgular: Hastalar revizyon ampütasyon yapılan (96), revizyon ampütasyon yapılmayan (180) grup olmak üzere iki gruba ayrılmıştır. Tüm hastalar arasında revizyon ampütasyon oranı %35 olarak belirlenmiştir. Revizyon ampütasyon riskini başvuru ve taburcu albümin düzeyi ile başvuru ve taburcu potasyum düzeyleri öngörebilmektedir. Yüksek başvuru albümin düzeyi ve düşük taburcu potasyum düzeyinin yanı sıra, yüksek başvuru potasyum düzeyi de revizyon cerrahisinin olumsuz sonuçlanmasına yol açabilmektedir.
Sonuç: Yapılan bu araştırmada, birçok kaynakta yara iyileşmesi açısından önemli olduğu belirtilen albümin düzeyinin, sanılanın aksine, revizyon ampütasyon açısından belirleyici bir faktör olmadığı görülmüştür. Buna ek olarak, çeşitli metabolik hastalıklardan etkilenebilecek olan potasyum düzeyinin regülasyonu, ampütasyon sonrası zorunlu hale gelen revizyon cerrahisi üzerinde önemli bir etkiye sahip olabilir.

Etik Beyan

Onay, S.B.Ü. Tepecik Eğitim Araştırma Hastanesi Girişimsel Olmayan Araştırmalar Etik Kurulu'ndan onay verilmiştir (09.12.2022; Number: 2022/11-32).

Destekleyen Kurum

Araştırma esnasında; kamu ticari, kar amacı gütmeyen sektörlerden herhangi bir özel hibe alınmamıştır.

Kaynakça

  • 1. Türkiye Endocrinology and Metabolism Association. (2022). Guideline for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up of diabetes mellitus and its complications (15th edition), Ankara.
  • 2. Volmer-Thole M, Lobmann R. (2016). Neuropathy and Diabetic Foot Syndrome. Int J Mol Sci. 10;17(6):917. doi: 10.3390/ijms17060917
  • 3. Morbach S, Lobmann R, Eckhard M, Müller E, Reike H, Risse A, et al. (2021). Diabetic Foot Syndrome. Experimental and Clinical Endocrinology & Diabetes. 129(S 01), 82-90. 10.1055/a-1284-6412
  • 4. Nather A, Cao S, Chen J, Low A. (2018). Prevention of diabetic foot complications. Singapore Med J. 59(6):291-294. doi: 10.11622/smedj.2018069
  • 5. Acar E, Kacira BK. (2017). Predictors of lower extremity amputation and reamputation associated with the diabetic foot. J Foot Ankle Surg. 56(6):1218-1222. doi: https://doi.org/10.1053/j.jfas.2017.06.004
  • 6. Font-Jiménez I, Laurado-Serra M, Roig-Garcia M, De Los Mozos-Perez B, Acebedo-Urdiales S. (2016). Retrospective study of the evolution of the incidence of non-traumatic lower-extremity amputations (2007-2013) and risk factors of reamputation. Prim Care Diabetes. 10(6):434-441. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pcd.2016.04.001
  • 7. Younger AS, Awwad MA, Kalla TP, de Vries G. (2009). Risk factors for failure of transmetatarsal amputation in diabetic patients: A cohort study. Fooot Ankle Int. 30(12):1177-1182. doi: https://doi.org/10.3113/FAI.2009.1177
  • 8. Armstrong DG, Lavery LA, Harkless LB, Van Houtum WH. (1997). Amputation and reamputation of the diabetic foot. J Am Podiatr Med Assoc. 87(6):255-259. doi: https://doi.org/10.7547/87507315-87-6-255
  • 9. Ohsawa S, Inamori Y, Fukuda K, Hirotuji M. (2001). Lower limb amputation for diabetic foot. Arch Orthop and Trauma Surg. 121(4):186-190. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s004020000207
  • 10. Kono Y, Muder RR. (2012). Identifying the incidence of and risk factors for reamputation among patients who underwent foot amputation. Ann Vasc Surg. 26(8):1120-1126. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.avsg.2012.02.011
  • 11. Skoutas D, Papanas N, Georgiadis GS, Zervas V, Manes C, Maltezos E, Lazarides MK. (2009). Risk factors for ipsilateral reamputation in patients with diabetic foot lesions. Int J Low Extrem Wounds. 8(2):69-74. doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/1534734609334808
  • 12. Nerone VS, Springer KD, Woodruff DM, Atway SA. (2013). Reamputation after Minor Foot Amputation in Diabetic Patients: Risk Factors Leading to Limb Loss. J Foot Ankle Surg. 52(2): 184-187. doi: 10.1053/j.jfas.2012.11.015
  • 13. Mineoka Y, Ishii M, Hashimoto Y, Yamashita A, Nakamura N, Fukui M. (2019). Platelet to lymphocyte ratio correlates with diabetic foot risk and foot ulcer in patients with type 2 diabetes. Endocr J. 66(10):905-913. doi: 10.1507/endocrj.EJ18-0477
  • 14. Nather A, Bee CS, Huak CY, Chew JL, Lin CB, Neo S, Sim EY. (2008). Epidemiology of diabetic foot problems and predictive factors for limb loss. J Diabetes Complications. 22(2):77-82. doi: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2007.04.004
  • 15. Lipsky BA, Sheehan P, Armstrong DG, Tice AD, Polis AB, Abramson MA. (2007). Clinical predictors of treatment failure for diabetic foot infections: data from a prospective trial. Int Wound J. 4(1):30-38. doi: 10.1111/j.1742-481X.2006.00274.x
  • 16. Flores Rivera AR. (1998). Risk factors for amputation in diabetic patients: a case-control study. Arch Med Res. 29(2):179-184.
  • 17. Czerniecki JM, Thompson ML, Littman AJ, Boyko EJ, Landry GJ, Henderson WG, et al. (2019). Predicting reamputation risk in patients undergoing lower extremity amputation due to the complications of peripheral artery disease and/or diabetes. Br J S. 106(8):1026-1034. doi: 10.1002/bjs.11160
  • 18. Baumfeld D, Baumfeld T, Macedo B, Zambelli R, Lopes F, Nery C. (2018). Factors related to amputation level and wound healing in diabetic patients. Acta Ortop Bras. 26(5):342-345. doi: 10.1590/1413-785220182605173445
  • 19. Gulcu A, Etli M, Karahan O, Aslan A. (2020). Analysis of routine blood markers for predicting amputation/re‐amputation risk in diabetic foot. IntWound J. 17(6):1996-2004. doi: 10.1111/iwj.13491
  • 20. Volaco A, Chantelau E, Richter B, Luther B. (2004). Outcome of critical foot ischaemia in longstanding diabetic patients: A retrospective cohort study in a specialised tertiary care centre. VASA. Zeitschrift fur Gefasskrankheiten. 33(1):36-41. doi: 10.1024/0301-1526.33.1.36

Analysis of Important Factors in Revision Surgery for Patients Undergoing Diabetic Major Lower Extremity Amputation

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 16 Sayı: 3, 366 - 373, 22.12.2025
https://doi.org/10.22312/sdusbed.1671099

Öz

Aim: Diabetic foot is a disease associated with severe morbidity, mortality, and significant socioeconomic problems. Numerous risk factors influence revision amputations in diabetic feet; however, the literature does not reach a consensus on this matter. This study aims to analyze the significant factors affecting revision surgery in patients who have undergone major lower extremity amputations due to diabetes.
Materials and Methods: This retrospective study was conducted at a university hospital in İzmir between April 10, 2023, and October 12, 2023. A total of 276 patients who underwent surgical operation due to diabetic foot between 2010 and 2022 were included in the study. The study evaluated the impact of demographic characteristics and various parameters, including a history of peripheral angiography or peripheral bypass, the surgical specialty performing the operation, hemoglobin, platelet count, hemoglobin A1c, albumin, sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein, sodium and potassium levels, lymphocyte-to-neutrophil ratio, blood transfusion requirements, and the Charlson Comorbidity Index, recorded at admission and discharge, on the need for revision surgery.
Results: The patients were divided into two groups: those who underwent revision amputation (96) and those who did not (180). The revision amputation rate among all patients was determined to be 35%. The risk of revision amputation can be predicted by the admission and discharge albumin levels, as well as the admission and discharge potassium levels. In addition to high admission albumin levels and low discharge potassium levels, high admission potassium levels may also contribute to the adverse outcomes of revision surgery.
Conclusions: In this study, it was found that albumin levels, which are considered important for wound healing in many sources, were not a determining factor for revision amputation as previously thought. Additionally, the regulation of potassium levels, which can be affected by various metabolic diseases, may have a significant impact on the revision surgery that becomes necessary after amputation.

Etik Beyan

Approval was given by the Health Sciences University Izmir Tepecik Training and Research Hospital Non-Interventional Research Ethics Committee (09.12.2022; Number: 2022/11-32).

Destekleyen Kurum

This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for- profit sectors.

Kaynakça

  • 1. Türkiye Endocrinology and Metabolism Association. (2022). Guideline for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up of diabetes mellitus and its complications (15th edition), Ankara.
  • 2. Volmer-Thole M, Lobmann R. (2016). Neuropathy and Diabetic Foot Syndrome. Int J Mol Sci. 10;17(6):917. doi: 10.3390/ijms17060917
  • 3. Morbach S, Lobmann R, Eckhard M, Müller E, Reike H, Risse A, et al. (2021). Diabetic Foot Syndrome. Experimental and Clinical Endocrinology & Diabetes. 129(S 01), 82-90. 10.1055/a-1284-6412
  • 4. Nather A, Cao S, Chen J, Low A. (2018). Prevention of diabetic foot complications. Singapore Med J. 59(6):291-294. doi: 10.11622/smedj.2018069
  • 5. Acar E, Kacira BK. (2017). Predictors of lower extremity amputation and reamputation associated with the diabetic foot. J Foot Ankle Surg. 56(6):1218-1222. doi: https://doi.org/10.1053/j.jfas.2017.06.004
  • 6. Font-Jiménez I, Laurado-Serra M, Roig-Garcia M, De Los Mozos-Perez B, Acebedo-Urdiales S. (2016). Retrospective study of the evolution of the incidence of non-traumatic lower-extremity amputations (2007-2013) and risk factors of reamputation. Prim Care Diabetes. 10(6):434-441. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pcd.2016.04.001
  • 7. Younger AS, Awwad MA, Kalla TP, de Vries G. (2009). Risk factors for failure of transmetatarsal amputation in diabetic patients: A cohort study. Fooot Ankle Int. 30(12):1177-1182. doi: https://doi.org/10.3113/FAI.2009.1177
  • 8. Armstrong DG, Lavery LA, Harkless LB, Van Houtum WH. (1997). Amputation and reamputation of the diabetic foot. J Am Podiatr Med Assoc. 87(6):255-259. doi: https://doi.org/10.7547/87507315-87-6-255
  • 9. Ohsawa S, Inamori Y, Fukuda K, Hirotuji M. (2001). Lower limb amputation for diabetic foot. Arch Orthop and Trauma Surg. 121(4):186-190. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s004020000207
  • 10. Kono Y, Muder RR. (2012). Identifying the incidence of and risk factors for reamputation among patients who underwent foot amputation. Ann Vasc Surg. 26(8):1120-1126. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.avsg.2012.02.011
  • 11. Skoutas D, Papanas N, Georgiadis GS, Zervas V, Manes C, Maltezos E, Lazarides MK. (2009). Risk factors for ipsilateral reamputation in patients with diabetic foot lesions. Int J Low Extrem Wounds. 8(2):69-74. doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/1534734609334808
  • 12. Nerone VS, Springer KD, Woodruff DM, Atway SA. (2013). Reamputation after Minor Foot Amputation in Diabetic Patients: Risk Factors Leading to Limb Loss. J Foot Ankle Surg. 52(2): 184-187. doi: 10.1053/j.jfas.2012.11.015
  • 13. Mineoka Y, Ishii M, Hashimoto Y, Yamashita A, Nakamura N, Fukui M. (2019). Platelet to lymphocyte ratio correlates with diabetic foot risk and foot ulcer in patients with type 2 diabetes. Endocr J. 66(10):905-913. doi: 10.1507/endocrj.EJ18-0477
  • 14. Nather A, Bee CS, Huak CY, Chew JL, Lin CB, Neo S, Sim EY. (2008). Epidemiology of diabetic foot problems and predictive factors for limb loss. J Diabetes Complications. 22(2):77-82. doi: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2007.04.004
  • 15. Lipsky BA, Sheehan P, Armstrong DG, Tice AD, Polis AB, Abramson MA. (2007). Clinical predictors of treatment failure for diabetic foot infections: data from a prospective trial. Int Wound J. 4(1):30-38. doi: 10.1111/j.1742-481X.2006.00274.x
  • 16. Flores Rivera AR. (1998). Risk factors for amputation in diabetic patients: a case-control study. Arch Med Res. 29(2):179-184.
  • 17. Czerniecki JM, Thompson ML, Littman AJ, Boyko EJ, Landry GJ, Henderson WG, et al. (2019). Predicting reamputation risk in patients undergoing lower extremity amputation due to the complications of peripheral artery disease and/or diabetes. Br J S. 106(8):1026-1034. doi: 10.1002/bjs.11160
  • 18. Baumfeld D, Baumfeld T, Macedo B, Zambelli R, Lopes F, Nery C. (2018). Factors related to amputation level and wound healing in diabetic patients. Acta Ortop Bras. 26(5):342-345. doi: 10.1590/1413-785220182605173445
  • 19. Gulcu A, Etli M, Karahan O, Aslan A. (2020). Analysis of routine blood markers for predicting amputation/re‐amputation risk in diabetic foot. IntWound J. 17(6):1996-2004. doi: 10.1111/iwj.13491
  • 20. Volaco A, Chantelau E, Richter B, Luther B. (2004). Outcome of critical foot ischaemia in longstanding diabetic patients: A retrospective cohort study in a specialised tertiary care centre. VASA. Zeitschrift fur Gefasskrankheiten. 33(1):36-41. doi: 10.1024/0301-1526.33.1.36
Toplam 20 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Ortopedi
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Yüksel Topkaya 0000-0002-5900-5098

Özgür Uslu 0009-0007-3322-8692

Mustafa İncesu 0000-0003-4259-3759

Gönderilme Tarihi 7 Nisan 2025
Kabul Tarihi 14 Ekim 2025
Yayımlanma Tarihi 22 Aralık 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Cilt: 16 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

Vancouver Topkaya Y, Uslu Ö, İncesu M. Analysis of Important Factors in Revision Surgery for Patients Undergoing Diabetic Major Lower Extremity Amputation. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi. 2025;16(3):366-73.

CC

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License

Atıf gereklidir, ticari olmayan amaçlarla kullanılabilir ve değişiklik yapılarak türev eser üretilemez.