Evaluation of the Application Fields and Effectiveness of Fiber Reinforced Composite Resins in Pediatric Dentistry

Öz

Fiber reinforced composite resins have become increasingly preferred in restorative dentistry in recent years, particularly due to the rising prominence of minimally invasive approaches. These materials offer satisfactory outcomes in both aesthetic and functional terms and provide several advantages over conventional restorative materials. This review comprehensively examines the various clinical applications of fiber reinforced composite resins in pediatric dentistry, as well as their clinical success, based on the current literature. Initially, the structural properties of the material, the types of fibers used (glass, polyethylene, carbon and aramid fibers), and their effects on the mechanical properties of the composite material to which they are added are evaluated. Furthermore, critical factors such as fiber type selection, fiber orientation, volumetric ratio, polymer infiltration, and adhesion to the matrix are highlighted as determinants of the long term success of restorations. The review then focuses on the use of fiberreinforced composite resins in pediatric patients for anterior adhesive bridges, fixed and semi-fixed space maintainers, splints in dental trauma cases, post core restorations, and direct composite restorations. Each application is analyzed in detail in terms of its indications, clinical procedures, advantages, limitations, and reported success rates in the literature. The review findings indicate that the current body of evidence regarding the use of these materials in pediatric dentistry largely consists of case reports and short term follow ups, underscoring the need for more comprehensive randomized controlled trials with larger sample sizes to evaluate long term clinical outcomes. This review aims to elucidate the current and potential roles of fiber reinforced composite resin materials—whose use is becoming increasingly widespread—in pediatric dental treatments, thereby providing guidance to clinicians and laying the groundwork for future studies.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Fiber reinforced
• Pediatric dentistry
• Biomimetic materials

Çocuk Diş Hekimliğinde Fiber ile Güçlendirilmiş Kompozit Rezin Uygulama Alanları ve Etkinliklerinin Değerlendirilmesi

Öz

Fiber ile güçlendirilmiş kompozit rezinler, son yıllarda minimal invaziv yaklaşımların ön plana çıkmasıyla birlikte, restoratif diş hekimliğinde özellikle mekanik dayanıklılığı artırmak amacıyla sıklıkla tercih edilen materyaller arasında yer almaktadır. Bu materyaller, hem estetik hem de fonksiyonel açıdan tatmin edici sonuçlar sunmakta ve geleneksel restoratif materyallere göre çeşitli avantajlar sağlamaktadır. Bu derlemede, fiber ile güçlendirilmiş kompozit rezinlerin çocuk diş hekimliğinde farklı kullanım alanları ve bu alanlardaki klinik başarıları güncel literatür doğrultusunda kapsamlı şekilde incelenmiştir. Çalışmada öncelikle materyalin yapısal özellikleri, kullanılan fiber tipleri (cam, polietilen, karbon ve aramid fiberler) ve bu fiberlerin eklendikleri kompozit materyalin mekanik özellikleri üzerine etkisi değerlendirilmiştir. Ayrıca fiber tipinin seçimi, fiberin oryantasyonu, hacimsel oranı, polimer ile infiltrasyonu ve matriksle olan adezyonunun, restorasyonun uzun dönem başarısını doğrudan etkileyen faktörler olduğu vurgulanmıştır. Ardından, fiber ile güçlendirilmiş kompozit rezinlerin çocuk hastalarda anterior adeziv köprüler, sabit ve yarı sabit yer tutucular, dental travma olgularında splint materyali, post kor restorasyonlar ve direkt kompozit restorasyonlarda kullanım alanlarına odaklanılmıştır. Her bir kullanım alanı; endikasyonları, uygulama teknikleri, avantajları, sınırlılıkları ve literatürdeki başarı oranları bağlamında detaylı olarak ele alınmıştır. Literatür taraması sonucunda, çocuk diş hekimliğinde fiber ile güçlendirilmiş kompozit rezin uygulamalarına dair mevcut verilerin çoğunlukla vaka raporları ve kısa dönemli takiplerle sınırlı olduğu görülmüş, bu nedenle uzun dönem klinik başarıyı değerlendiren, yüksek hasta sayısına sahip randomize kontrollü çalışmalara duyulan ihtiyaç vurgulanmıştır. Bu derleme, günümüzde kullanım sıklığı artmakta olan, ve bu sırada kullanım talimatlarına ihtiyaç duyulan fiber ile güçlendirilmiş kompozit rezin materyallerinin tedavilerdeki mevcut ve potansiyel rolünü ortaya koyarak, klinisyenlere rehberlik etmeyi amaçlamakta ve gelecekte yapılacak çalışmalara zemin hazırlamaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Fiber ile güçlendirilmiş
• Çocuk diş hekimliği
• Biyomimetik materyaller

Kaynakça

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