OBEZİTE VE ORTODONTİ İLİŞKİSİ

Öz

Günümüzde obezite, ciddi sağlık problemleri arasında yerini almıştır. Organizmada obeziteden etkilenmeyen çok az sistem bulunmaktadır. Obezite estetik problemlerin yanı sıra insanların yaşamını tehdit eden bir hastalık olarak kabul edilmektedir. Ortodonti alanıyla obezitenin ilişkisi değerlendirildiğinde; obezitenin başta kemik gelişimi ve metabolizması, ergenlik, büyüme ve gelişim ve kraniofasiyal morfoloji üzerinde etkilerinin olduğu görülmektedir. Obez çocukların özellikle de obez kızların normal çocuklardan daha erken pubertal atılıma ulaştıkları belirtilmiştir. Obezlerde kemik yoğunluğunun arttığı, obezite gelişiminde rol oynayan bazı hormon ve sitokinlerin aynı zamanda kemik metabolizması üzerine etkilerinin olduğu gösterilmiştir. Obez bireylerin daha büyük kraniyofasiyal yapılara sahip olduğu, maksiller ve mandibuler boyutlarının artmış olduğu, her iki çenede de belirgin bir prognatizm olduğu gözlenmiştir. Buna ilaveten obez bireylerin daha düz yumuşak doku profiline sahip oldukları bulgusu da gösterilmiştir. Obez bireylerde diş sürmesinin daha erken zamanda olması ortodontik tedavi planlaması bakımından önem taşımaktadır. Obez bireylerin kraniyofasiyodental yapılarının ve bu bireylerde ortodontik diş hareketi özelliklerinin daha detaylı incelenmesine ihtiyaç vardır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Obezite
• ortodonti
• kraniyofasiyal morfoloji

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN OBESITY AND ORTHODONTICS

Öz

Obesity has taken place among serious health problems in the world. In the organism, there are a few systems not affected by obesity. Obesity is accepted as a disease which threaten the people lives besides esthetical problems. When assessing the relationship between orthodontics and obesity; it is observed that obesity has effects on bone development and bone metabolism, puberty, growth and development and craniofacial morphology. It was stated that obese children, particularly girls, reached to pick pubertal period earlier than normal children. It was demonstrated that bone density increases in obese children and some of the hormons and cytokines having role in development of obesity have effects also on bone metabolism. It was shown that obese patients have greater craniofacial structures, increased maxillary and mandibular sizes, apparent prognatism in jaws. In addition, some findings show that obeses have more straight soft tissue profiles. It is of importance that earlier erupting teeth in obese patients should be considered regarding the planning orthodontic treatment. It need for further studies which investigate the craniofaciodental structures and properties of orthodontic tooth movement of obese patients. Key words: Obesity, orthodontics, craniofacial morphology

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Obesity
• orthodontics
• kraniyofasiyal morfoloji

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