Nutritional status during pregnancy of puerperant women who gave birth to babies with low birth weights

Yıl 2016, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 1, 22 - 28, 23.03.2016

Hülya Türkmen

Öz

Aim: The study aimed at determining factors that caused low birth weight.
Methods: The study was a case-control study. No sampling was made and 40 puerperant women who had babies whose birth weights were lower than 2500 gr. (as case-group) and another 40 puerperant women who had babies whose birth weights were higher than 2500 gr. (as control-group) were included in the study between the 1st of January and 31st of January 2015 at a state hospital in Balikesir. A questionnaire form that was designed by the researchers and that addressed socio-demographic characteristics, pregnancy-related problems and nutritional status of puerperant women was employed. For the data evaluation; numbers, percentage distributions, Chi-Square test, Fisher’s exact test, Independent Sample T test were used. Results were considered significant at p<0.05. Odds Ratio values were estimated in order to find out how many times risk factors increased low birth weights.
Findings: When the participant puerperant women were examined; mean age of case-group was 29.62±5.88 years while mean age of control group was 29.92±3.73 years. 40% of the case-group had secondary school degree while 35% of the control-group had primary school degree. Mean birth weight of the newborns was 2323.25±104.52 gr. in case-group and 3322.97±412.82 gr. in control-group. In the study, it was found out that nausea increased the risk for low birth weight by 2.8 times, vomiting by 3 times, heartburn 3.5 times, consuming milk and dairy products less than 2-3 portions in a week by 5.2 times, consuming fruits less than 2-3 portions in a week by 9.1 times during pregnancy period. Mean weight was 2610.60±536.84 gr. among those neonates whose mothers consumed milk and dairy products poorly and 2419.33±278.93 gr. among those neonates whose mothers consumed fruits poorly.
Results: Low birth weight is caused by factors that can be prevented. It is necessary to consume all kinds of foods in a sufficient and balanced way during pregnancy. In light of these findings, it was argued that dietary training to be given to the pregnant women was important in order to prevent low birth weight. In this sense; responsibility of nurses who are the ones who most frequently meet pregnant women is very big.

Anahtar Kelimeler

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Düşük doğum ağırlıklı bebek doğuran lohusaların gebeliklerinde ki beslenme durumları

Öz

Amaç: Bu çalışma, düşük doğum ağırlığına neden olan durumları belirlemektir.
Yöntem: Araştırma vaka kontrol çalışmasıdır. Örneklem seçimi yapılmamış olup, Balıkesir’de bir devlet hastanesinde 1-31 Ocak 2015 tarihleri arasında doğum ağırlığı 2500 gramın altında bebeği olan 40 loğusa vaka, 2500 gramın üzerinde bebeği olan 40 lohusa kontrol grubu olarak alınmıştır. Araştırmacılar tarafından geliştirilen lohusaların sosyodemografik özellikleri ile gebelik dönemlerindeki rahatsızlıkları ve beslenme durumlarını içeren anket formu kullanılmıştır. Verilerin değerlendirilmesinde; Sayı, yüzde dağılımı, Ki-Kare testi, Fisher’s exact testi, Independent Sample T testi kullanılmıştır. Önem düzeyi.05 dir. Risk faktörlerinin düşük doğum ağırlığı riskini kaç kat arttırdığını bulmak için ise Odds Ratio değerleri hesaplanmıştır.
Bulgular: Çalışmada lohusalar incelendiğinde vaka grubunun yaş ortalaması 29.62±5.88, kontrol grubunun yaş ortalaması ise 29.92±3.73’dür. Eğitim durumları ise vaka grubunun %40’ı ortaokul, kontrol grubunun %35’i ilkokul mezunudur. Yenidoğanların ortalama doğum ağırlıkları vaka grubunda 2323.25±104.52, kontrol grubunda ise 3322.97±412.82’dir. Çalışmada, gebelik döneminde bulantı 2.8 kat, kusma 3 kat, mide yanması 3.5 kat, süt ve süt ürünlerini haftada 2-3 porsiyonun altında tüketme 5.2 kat, meyveleri haftada 2-3 porsiyonun altında tüketme 9.1 kat düşük doğum ağırlıklı bebek doğurma riskini arttırdığı bulunmuştur. Yenidoğanların kilo ortalaması, yetersiz süt ve süt ürünü tüketenlerde 2610.60±536.84, yetersiz meyve tüketenlerde ise 2419.33±278.93’dir.
Sonuç: Düşük doğum ağırlığı önlenebilir nedenlerle görülmektedir. Gebelikte yeterli ve dengeli bir şekilde besin gruplarının tüketilmesi gerekmektedir. Bu sonuçlar doğrultusunda, düşük doğum ağırlığını önlemek açısından gebelere verilecek beslenme eğitimi önemlidir. Bu konuda gebeler ile en sık karşılaşan meslek grubu olan ebelere büyük görevler düşmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Düşük doğum ağırlığı, beslenme, gebelik rahatsızlıkları

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