Adipoz doku ve enerji metabolizması üzerine etkileri

Yıl 2017, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 3, 40 - 46, 20.12.2017

Meltem Mermer Nilüfer Acar Tek

https://doi.org/10.22312/sdusbed.292229

Cited By: 3

Öz

İnsanlarda beyaz yağ dokusu ve
kahverengi yağ dokusu olmak üzere farklı işlevlere sahip iki çeşit yağ dokusu
vardır. Beyaz yağ dokusu, vücutta çok miktarda bulunan, fazla enerjinin
depolandığı ve enerji homeostazına katkıda bulunan endokrin bir organ olarak
nitelendirilmektedir. Kahverengi yağ dokusu özellikle memelilerde ve yeni
doğanlarda termoregülasyonu sağlamaktadır. Uncoupling protein kahverengi yağ
dokusunun belirleyici proteinidir ve enerjinin ısı olarak açığa çıkmasını
sağlar. Yetişkinlerde kahverengi yağ dokusu servikal, supraklavukular, axillar,
paravertebral, mediastinal abdominal bölgenin üst kısmında bulunur. Beyaz yağ
dokusu vücutta visseral beyaz yağ dokusu ve subkutan beyaz yağ dokusu olmak
üzere 2 ana bölgede depolanır. Hormonal etkileşimler, kronik soğuk maruziyeti
ve egzersiz gibi birçok çevresel faktör ile beyaz yağ dokusunda kahverengi
(bej) adipozitler gelişebilir. Yağ dokuları çeşitli hormonal mekanizmalar
aracılığıyla enerji harcamasında rol almaktadır. Kahverengi yağ dokusu yetişkin
insanlarda da mevcuttur ve yüksek miktarı ile düşük vücut ağırlığı ilişkilidir.
Yağ dokusu mitokondriyasının işlev bozukluğu obezite gelişiminden sorumludur. Soğuk
maruziyeti ve besin alımına cevap olarak sempatik sinir sistemi aktivitasyonu,
kahverengi yağ dokusunun uyarılmasına neden olur. Kahverengi yağ dokusu
merkezli bu durum soğuk kaynaklı termogenezis ve besinlerin termik etkisi
olarak tanımlanır ve toplam enerji harcamasını artırmaktadır. Bu derlemede
vücut yağ dokularının özellikleri ve enerji harcaması üzerine etkileri
incelenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Beyaz yağ dokusu, kahverengi yağ dokusu, termoregülasyon, enerji metabolizması

Kaynakça

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