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Farklı İmmünsupresiflerin Böbrek Nakilli Hastaların Dental ve Periodontal Sağlığına Etkisi

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 11 Sayı: 1, 1 - 8, 03.03.2020

Öz

Amaç: Böbrek nakli, son dönem böbrek hastalığının renal
replasman tedavisinde en etkili tedavi seçeneği olarak kabul edilmektedir.
Böbrek nakline ihtiyacı olan ve böbrek nakli geçirmiş olan bireylerin sayısı
günümüzde artmaktadır. Transplantasyon sonrası hastalar tarafından
kullanılmakta olan immünsupresif ilaçlar, dental ve periodontal sağlığı
etkileyebilir. Bu çalışmanın amacı böbrek nakli olan ve farklı immünsupresif
ilaç kullanan hastaların dental ve periodontal sağlık durumlarının
karşılaştırılarak değerlendirilmesidir.

Materyal-Metot:
Yüz elli altı böbrek nakilli hasta (BN grubu) ve 140
sistemik olarak sağlıklı hasta (kontrol grubu) olmak üzere toplam 296 birey
çalışmaya dahil edildi. Böbrek nakli grubundaki hastalar ayrıca kullanmakta
oldukları immünsupresif ilaç türüne göre de alt gruplara ayrılarak
değerlendirildi; siklosporin A (CSA, n=44), takrolimus (TAC, n=27) ve sirolimus
(SRO, n=85). Bireylerin dental sağlık düzeyi çürük, eksik ve dolgulu diş (DMFT)
sayılarına bağlı olarak değerlendirildi. Bireylerin periodontal sağlık düzeyini
belirlemek için sondalanabilir cep derinliği (PD), gingival indeks (Gİ) ve plak
indeksi (Pİ) kullanıldı. Demografik veriler ve hastaların oral hijyen alışkanlıkları
sorgulanarak kaydedildi. Verilerin istatistiksel analizi ANOVA, Mann-Whitney U
ve Kruskal Wallis testleri kullanılarak yapıldı.

Bulgular: Böbrek nakli olan bireylerin nakil yaşı ortalaması 7,32±5,70 yıl olarak belirlendi. Kontrol grubu ile
karşılaştırıldığında BN grubundaki bireylerin periodontal parametrelerinin
anlamlı olarak yüksek olduğu gözlendi (p<0,05). BN grubunda kontrol grubuna
göre eksik diş sayısının anlamlı olarak yüksek, restore edilmiş diş sayılarının
ise anlamlı olarak düşük olduğu belirlendi (p<0,05). Kontrol grubu ile
karşılaştırıldığında CSA grubunda PD ve Gİ skorlarının anlamlı düzeyde yüksek
olduğu gözlendi (p<0,05). Plak indeksinin ise kontrol grubunda anlamlı
olarak düşük olduğu saptandı (p<0,05). Dolgulu diş sayısının CSA ve SRO
gruplarında kontrol grubuna göre anlamlı düzeyde düşük olduğu izlendi (p<0,05).
Böbrek nakli olan hastaların diş fırçalama sıklığının ve ara-yüz temizliği
sıklığının kontrol grubuna göre düşük olduğu belirlendi.







Sonuç: Yeterli olmayan plak uzaklaştırma sıklığının bir sonucu
olarak, BN grubundaki bireylerde dental ve periodontal sağlığın bozulduğu
izlenmiştir. Böbrek nakli öncesinde oral hijyen prosedürlerinin önemi ve
dental/periodontal sağlığın farkındalığı vurgulanarak tedavi gereksinimlerinin
azaltılmalı ve optimum ağız sağlığı elde edilmeli ve korunmalıdır.

Destekleyen Kurum

Çalışma protokolü Başkent Üniversitesi Tıp ve Sağlık Bilimleri Araştırma Kurulu tarafından onaylanmış (Proje no: D-KA19/24) ve Başkent Üniversitesi Araştırma Fonunca desteklenmiştir.

Proje Numarası

Proje no: D-KA19/24

Kaynakça

  • 1. https://organkds.saglik.gov.tr/KamuyaAcikRapor.aspx?q=ORGANNAKLI (Erişim tarihi: 28/05/2019)
  • 2. https://organ.saglik.gov.tr/0TR/70Istatistik/TURKDIVES_010101.aspx (Erişim tarihi: 28/05/2019)
  • 3. https://organkds.saglik.gov.tr/KamuyaAcikRapor.aspx?q=ORGANNAKLI (Erişim tarihi: 28/05/2019)
  • 4. Cohen G, Haag-Weber M, Hurl WH. Immune dysfunction in uremia. A Review Article. Kidney Int 1997; 62: 79–82.
  • 5. Craig RG. Interactions between chronic renal disease and periodontal disease. Oral Dis 2008; 14: 1-7.
  • 6. Davidovich E, Schwarz Z, Davidovitch M, Eidelman E, Bimstein E. Oral findings and periodontal status in children, adolescents and young adults suffering from renal failure. J Clin Periodontol 2005; 32: 1076-1082.
  • 7. Bayraktar G, Kurtulus I, Kazancioglu R, Bayramgurler I, Cintan S, Bural C,Bozfakioglu S, Besler M, Trablus S, Issever H, Yildiz A. Evaluation of periodontal parameters in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis or hemodialysis. Oral Dis 2008; 14: 185-189.
  • 8. Cengiz Mİ, Sümer P, Cengiz S, Yavuz U. The effect of the duration of the dialysis in hemodialysis patients on dental and periodontal findings. Oral Dis 2009; 15: 336–341.
  • 9. Seymour GJ, Ford PJ, Cullinan MP, Leishman S, Yamazaki K. Relationship between periodontal infections and systemic disease. Clin Microbiol Infect 2007; 13: 3-10.
  • 10. Pizzo G, Guiglia R, Russo LL, Campisi G. Dentistry and Internal Medicine: from the focal infection theory to the periodontal medicine concept. Eur J Internal Med 2010; 21: 496–502.
  • 11. Rateitschak-Pluss EM, Hefti A, Lortscher R, Thiel G. Initial observation that cyclosporin-A induces gingival enlargement in man. J Clin Periodontol 1983; 10: 237–246.
  • 12. King GN, Healy CN, Glover MT, Kwan JT, Williams DM, Leigh IM, Thornhill MH. Prevalence and risk factor associated with leukoplakia, hairy leukoplakia, erythematous candidiasis and gingival hyperplasia in renal transplant recipients. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1994; 78: 718–726.
  • 13. Seymour RA, Thomason JM, Nolan A. Oral lesions in organ transplant patients. J Oral Pathol Med 1997; 26: 297–304.
  • 14. Sekiguchi RT, Paixao CG, Saraiva L, Romito GA, Pannuti CM, Lotufo RF. Incidence of tacrolimus-induced gengival overgrowth in the absence of calcium channel blockers: a short-term study. J Clin Periodontol 2007; 34: 545–550.
  • 15. de Oliveira MA, Martins E Martins F, Wang Q, Sonis S, Demetri G, George S, Butrynski J, Treister NS. Clinical presentation and management of mTOR inhibitor-associated stomatitis. Oral Oncol 2011; 47: 998–1003.
  • 16. Lacouture M, Sibaud V. Toxic Side Effects of Targeted therapies and immunotherapies affecting the skin, oral mucosa, hair, and nails. Am J Clin Dermatol. 2018; 19: 31–39.
  • 17. Mahe E, Morelon E, Lechaton S, Sang KH, Mansouri R, Ducasse MF, Mamzer-Bruneel MF, de Prost Y, Kreis H, Bodemer C. Cutaneous adverse events in renal transplant recipients receiving sirolimus-based therapy. Transplantation. 2005; 79: 476-482.
  • 18. Al-Mohaya MA, Darwazeh AM, Bin-Salih S, Al-Khudair W. Oral lesions in Saudi renal transplant patients. Saudi J Kidney Dis Transpl 2009; 20: 202-209.
  • 19. Spolidorio LC, Spolidorio DMP, Massucato EMS, Neppelenbroek KH, Campanha NH, Sanches MH. Oral health in renal transplant recipients administered cyclosporine A or tacrolimus. Oral Dis 2006; 12: 309-14. 20. López-Pintor RM, Hernández G, de Arriba L, de Andrés A. Comparison of oral lesion prevalence in renal transplant patients under immunosuppressive therapy and healthy controls. Oral Dis 2010; 16: 89-95.
  • 21. Rugo HS, Hortobagyi GN, Yao J, Pavel M, Ravaud A, Franz D, Ringeisen F, Gallo J, Rouyrre N, Anak O, Motzer R. Meta-analysis of stomatitis in clinical studies of everolimus: incidence and relationship with efficacy. Ann Oncol 2016; 27(3): 519-25.
  • 22. Abecassis M, Bartlett ST, Collins AJ, Davis CL, Delmonico FL, Friedewald JJ, Hays R, Howard A, Jones E, Leichtman AB, Merion RM, Metzger RA, Pradel F, Schweitzer EJ, Velez RL, Gaston RS. Kidney transplantation as primary therapy for end-stage renal disease: A National Kidney Foundation/Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative (NKF/KDOQITM) conference. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2008; 3: 471-80.
  • 23. WHO. World Health Organization: Oral health surveys, basic methods, 4th edn. WHO; Oral Health Unit, Geneva; 1997.
  • 24. Silness J, Löe H. Periodontal disease in pregnancy. II. Correlation between oral hygiene and periodontal condition. Acta Odontol Scand 1964; 22: 121-135.
  • 25. Löe H, Silness J. Periodontal disease in pregnancy. I. Prevalence and severity. Acta Odontol Scand 1963; 21: 533- 551.
  • 26. Kazancıoğlu HO, Ak G. İstanbul yöresinde diş tedavi ihtiyacı olan böbrek nakli yapılmış hastaların sosyodemografik ve oral mukozal lezyonlar açısından değerlendirilmesi. Atatürk Üniv. Diş Hek. Fak. Derg. J Dent Fac Atatürk Uni. 2013; 21(1): 69-74.
  • 27. Gašpar M, Glavina A, Grubišić K, Sabol I, Bušić M, Mravak-Stipetić M. Stanje usne šupljine kod osoba s transplantiranim bubregom. Acta Stomatologica Croatica, 2015; 49(3): 204–213.
  • 28. Fisher RJ, Katz JE. Social-desirability bias and the validity of self-reported values. Psychol Market, 2000; 17: 105–120.
  • 29. Calvo AS, Rochefort J, Javelot MJ, Descroix V Lescaille G. Management of mTOR inhibitors oral mucositis: current state of knowledge. Oral Med Oral Surg, 2019; 25(1): 11(1-6).
  • 30. MacDonald AS, Rapamune Global Study Group. A worldwide, phase III, randomized, controlled, safety and efficacy study of a sirolimus/ cyclosporine regimen for prevention of acute rejection in recipients of primary mismatched renal allografts. Transplantation. 2001;71: 271-280.
  • 31. Rojas G, Bravo L, Cordero K, Sepúlveda L, Elgueta L, Díaz JC, Urzua B, Morales I. Integrity of the oral tissues in patients with solid-organ transplants. J Transplant 2012; 2012: 603769.
  • 32. Ziebolz, D, Hraský, V, Goralczyk, A, Hornecker, E, Obed, A, Mausberg, R F. Dental care and oral health in solid organ transplant recipients: A single center cross-sectional study and survey of German transplant centers. Transplant International 2011; 24(12): 1179–1188.
  • 33. Nylund, K. M., Meurman, J. H., Heikkinen, A. M., Furuholm, J. O., Ortiz, F., & Ruokonen, H. M. Oral health in patients with renal disease: a longitudinal study from predialysis to kidney transplantation. Clin Oral Invest 2018; 22(1): 339–347.

Evaluation of Dental and Periodontal Health of Renal Transplant Patients Under Different Immunosuppressive Medications

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 11 Sayı: 1, 1 - 8, 03.03.2020

Öz

Objective: Renal
transplantation is considered to be most efficient renal replacement therapy
option of end-stage renal disease. The numbers of patients who are in need of
and whom are already had renal transplantation are increasing. The
immunosuppressive medicaments taken by patients after transplantation may have
an effect on dental and periodontal health. This study aimed to evaluate the
dental and periodontal health status of renal transplant patients taking
different immunosuppressive medications.

Materials-Methods: A
total of 296 patients; 156 patients with renal transplantation (BN group) and
140 healthy patients (control group) took part in the study. Patients in BN
group also evaluated in subgroups depending on the immunosuppressive
medicaments taken; cyclosporine A (CSA, n=44), tacrolimus (TAC, n=27) and
sirolimus (SRO, n=85). Dental status of patients assessed by decayed, missing,
filled teeth (DMFT) index. Probing depth (CD), gingival index (GI) and plaque
index (PI) were used to evaluate the periodontal status of patients. The
demographic details and patients’ oral hygiene habits were questioned.
Statistical analysis of data was performed using ANOVA, Mann-Whitney U and
Kruskal Wallis tests.

Results: The
mean transplant age of the participants was 7,32±5,70
years. All periodontal parameters were significantly higher in BN group
compared to healthy controls (p<0,05). Missing teeth were significantly
higher and the filled teeth were significantly lower in BN group (p<0,05).
Probing depth and Gİ scores were higher in CSA group (p<0,05). Plaque scores
were significantly lower in control group (p<0,05). Restored teeth were
significantly lower in control group compared to CSA and SRO groups. Tooth
brushing and interdental cleaning frequency was lower in BN group.







Conclusion:
Impaired dental and periodontal health was observed in BN group, substantially
concomitant result of the inadequate removal of dental plaque. The awareness of
dental/ periodontal health and the importance of oral hygiene procedures should
be stated to decrease treatment needs, and to achieve and maintain optimum oral
health after renal transplantation.

Proje Numarası

Proje no: D-KA19/24

Kaynakça

  • 1. https://organkds.saglik.gov.tr/KamuyaAcikRapor.aspx?q=ORGANNAKLI (Erişim tarihi: 28/05/2019)
  • 2. https://organ.saglik.gov.tr/0TR/70Istatistik/TURKDIVES_010101.aspx (Erişim tarihi: 28/05/2019)
  • 3. https://organkds.saglik.gov.tr/KamuyaAcikRapor.aspx?q=ORGANNAKLI (Erişim tarihi: 28/05/2019)
  • 4. Cohen G, Haag-Weber M, Hurl WH. Immune dysfunction in uremia. A Review Article. Kidney Int 1997; 62: 79–82.
  • 5. Craig RG. Interactions between chronic renal disease and periodontal disease. Oral Dis 2008; 14: 1-7.
  • 6. Davidovich E, Schwarz Z, Davidovitch M, Eidelman E, Bimstein E. Oral findings and periodontal status in children, adolescents and young adults suffering from renal failure. J Clin Periodontol 2005; 32: 1076-1082.
  • 7. Bayraktar G, Kurtulus I, Kazancioglu R, Bayramgurler I, Cintan S, Bural C,Bozfakioglu S, Besler M, Trablus S, Issever H, Yildiz A. Evaluation of periodontal parameters in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis or hemodialysis. Oral Dis 2008; 14: 185-189.
  • 8. Cengiz Mİ, Sümer P, Cengiz S, Yavuz U. The effect of the duration of the dialysis in hemodialysis patients on dental and periodontal findings. Oral Dis 2009; 15: 336–341.
  • 9. Seymour GJ, Ford PJ, Cullinan MP, Leishman S, Yamazaki K. Relationship between periodontal infections and systemic disease. Clin Microbiol Infect 2007; 13: 3-10.
  • 10. Pizzo G, Guiglia R, Russo LL, Campisi G. Dentistry and Internal Medicine: from the focal infection theory to the periodontal medicine concept. Eur J Internal Med 2010; 21: 496–502.
  • 11. Rateitschak-Pluss EM, Hefti A, Lortscher R, Thiel G. Initial observation that cyclosporin-A induces gingival enlargement in man. J Clin Periodontol 1983; 10: 237–246.
  • 12. King GN, Healy CN, Glover MT, Kwan JT, Williams DM, Leigh IM, Thornhill MH. Prevalence and risk factor associated with leukoplakia, hairy leukoplakia, erythematous candidiasis and gingival hyperplasia in renal transplant recipients. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1994; 78: 718–726.
  • 13. Seymour RA, Thomason JM, Nolan A. Oral lesions in organ transplant patients. J Oral Pathol Med 1997; 26: 297–304.
  • 14. Sekiguchi RT, Paixao CG, Saraiva L, Romito GA, Pannuti CM, Lotufo RF. Incidence of tacrolimus-induced gengival overgrowth in the absence of calcium channel blockers: a short-term study. J Clin Periodontol 2007; 34: 545–550.
  • 15. de Oliveira MA, Martins E Martins F, Wang Q, Sonis S, Demetri G, George S, Butrynski J, Treister NS. Clinical presentation and management of mTOR inhibitor-associated stomatitis. Oral Oncol 2011; 47: 998–1003.
  • 16. Lacouture M, Sibaud V. Toxic Side Effects of Targeted therapies and immunotherapies affecting the skin, oral mucosa, hair, and nails. Am J Clin Dermatol. 2018; 19: 31–39.
  • 17. Mahe E, Morelon E, Lechaton S, Sang KH, Mansouri R, Ducasse MF, Mamzer-Bruneel MF, de Prost Y, Kreis H, Bodemer C. Cutaneous adverse events in renal transplant recipients receiving sirolimus-based therapy. Transplantation. 2005; 79: 476-482.
  • 18. Al-Mohaya MA, Darwazeh AM, Bin-Salih S, Al-Khudair W. Oral lesions in Saudi renal transplant patients. Saudi J Kidney Dis Transpl 2009; 20: 202-209.
  • 19. Spolidorio LC, Spolidorio DMP, Massucato EMS, Neppelenbroek KH, Campanha NH, Sanches MH. Oral health in renal transplant recipients administered cyclosporine A or tacrolimus. Oral Dis 2006; 12: 309-14. 20. López-Pintor RM, Hernández G, de Arriba L, de Andrés A. Comparison of oral lesion prevalence in renal transplant patients under immunosuppressive therapy and healthy controls. Oral Dis 2010; 16: 89-95.
  • 21. Rugo HS, Hortobagyi GN, Yao J, Pavel M, Ravaud A, Franz D, Ringeisen F, Gallo J, Rouyrre N, Anak O, Motzer R. Meta-analysis of stomatitis in clinical studies of everolimus: incidence and relationship with efficacy. Ann Oncol 2016; 27(3): 519-25.
  • 22. Abecassis M, Bartlett ST, Collins AJ, Davis CL, Delmonico FL, Friedewald JJ, Hays R, Howard A, Jones E, Leichtman AB, Merion RM, Metzger RA, Pradel F, Schweitzer EJ, Velez RL, Gaston RS. Kidney transplantation as primary therapy for end-stage renal disease: A National Kidney Foundation/Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative (NKF/KDOQITM) conference. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2008; 3: 471-80.
  • 23. WHO. World Health Organization: Oral health surveys, basic methods, 4th edn. WHO; Oral Health Unit, Geneva; 1997.
  • 24. Silness J, Löe H. Periodontal disease in pregnancy. II. Correlation between oral hygiene and periodontal condition. Acta Odontol Scand 1964; 22: 121-135.
  • 25. Löe H, Silness J. Periodontal disease in pregnancy. I. Prevalence and severity. Acta Odontol Scand 1963; 21: 533- 551.
  • 26. Kazancıoğlu HO, Ak G. İstanbul yöresinde diş tedavi ihtiyacı olan böbrek nakli yapılmış hastaların sosyodemografik ve oral mukozal lezyonlar açısından değerlendirilmesi. Atatürk Üniv. Diş Hek. Fak. Derg. J Dent Fac Atatürk Uni. 2013; 21(1): 69-74.
  • 27. Gašpar M, Glavina A, Grubišić K, Sabol I, Bušić M, Mravak-Stipetić M. Stanje usne šupljine kod osoba s transplantiranim bubregom. Acta Stomatologica Croatica, 2015; 49(3): 204–213.
  • 28. Fisher RJ, Katz JE. Social-desirability bias and the validity of self-reported values. Psychol Market, 2000; 17: 105–120.
  • 29. Calvo AS, Rochefort J, Javelot MJ, Descroix V Lescaille G. Management of mTOR inhibitors oral mucositis: current state of knowledge. Oral Med Oral Surg, 2019; 25(1): 11(1-6).
  • 30. MacDonald AS, Rapamune Global Study Group. A worldwide, phase III, randomized, controlled, safety and efficacy study of a sirolimus/ cyclosporine regimen for prevention of acute rejection in recipients of primary mismatched renal allografts. Transplantation. 2001;71: 271-280.
  • 31. Rojas G, Bravo L, Cordero K, Sepúlveda L, Elgueta L, Díaz JC, Urzua B, Morales I. Integrity of the oral tissues in patients with solid-organ transplants. J Transplant 2012; 2012: 603769.
  • 32. Ziebolz, D, Hraský, V, Goralczyk, A, Hornecker, E, Obed, A, Mausberg, R F. Dental care and oral health in solid organ transplant recipients: A single center cross-sectional study and survey of German transplant centers. Transplant International 2011; 24(12): 1179–1188.
  • 33. Nylund, K. M., Meurman, J. H., Heikkinen, A. M., Furuholm, J. O., Ortiz, F., & Ruokonen, H. M. Oral health in patients with renal disease: a longitudinal study from predialysis to kidney transplantation. Clin Oral Invest 2018; 22(1): 339–347.
Toplam 32 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Sağlık Kurumları Yönetimi
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Bahar Füsun Oduncuoğlu 0000-0003-0647-9481

Emine Elif Alaaddinoğlu 0000-0001-6718-3882

Turan Çolak Bu kişi benim 0000-0002-8372-7840

Proje Numarası Proje no: D-KA19/24
Yayımlanma Tarihi 3 Mart 2020
Gönderilme Tarihi 12 Temmuz 2019
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2020 Cilt: 11 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

Vancouver Oduncuoğlu BF, Alaaddinoğlu EE, Çolak T. Farklı İmmünsupresiflerin Böbrek Nakilli Hastaların Dental ve Periodontal Sağlığına Etkisi. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi. 2020;11(1):1-8.

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