Öz

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common endocrine metabolic disorders in women of reproductive age and is a heterogeneous disease that is difficult to define. Its etiology is unknown. Its symptoms are hyperandrogenism, hirsutism, acne, amenorrhea, oligoamenorrhea. Its prevalence varies between 6.5-8%. Polycystic ovary syndrome is associated with metabolic disorders such as obesity, insulin resistance, diabetes, and dyslipidemia. Although the prevalence of insulin resistance in PCOS varies between 50-75%, the age of onset of diabetes in these individuals is 10 years earlier than in healthy individuals. Obesity is generally seen as abdominal obesity and affects approximately 50% of women with PCOS. Insulin resistance and abdominal obesity increase the risk of metabolic disorders in PCOS. The primary treatment approach for individuals with PCOS is lifestyle intervention, including medical nutrition therapy and exercise. Although women diagnosed with PCOS have an isocaloric diet plan, they have a higher body mass index (BMI) than women without PCOS, and obesity can be seen in women with a healthy BMI according to body fat percentage assessment. Therefore, medical nutrition therapy approaches should be targeting body weight loss. As a medical nutrition therapy; An adequate and balanced diet rich in vitamin D, chromium, inositol and omega-3 fatty acids is recommended, along with limiting the consumption of sugar and refined carbohydrates, consuming low glycemic index foods, reducing saturated and trans fat intake. It is recommended to limit fat intake to 30%, with 55% of the daily energy taken from carbohydrates and 15% from proteins. In PCOS, body weight loss and maintaining the lost weight become difficult. Therefore, it is important to evaluate compliance with diet in medical nutrition treatment. In this study, it was aimed to examine the relationship between obesity and comorbid diseases, which are common in women with PCOS, and body weight management.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Weight management
• Insulin resistance
• Polycystic ovary syndrome
• Obesity

Polikistik Over Sendromu ve Ağırlık Yönetimi Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi

Öz

Polikistik over sendromu (PKOS) üreme çağındaki kadınlarda en sık görülen endokrin metabolik bozukluklardan biri olup tanımlanması zor heterojen bir hastalıktır. Etiyolojisi tam olarak bilinmemektedir. Semptomları hiperandrojenizm, hirsutizm, akne, amenore, oligoamenoredir. Prevalansı %6,5-8 arasında değişmektedir. Polikistik over sendromu obezite, insülin direnci, diyabet ve dislipidemi gibi metabolik bozukluklarla ilişkilidir. Polikistik over sendromunda insülin direnci prevalansı %50-75 aralığında değişmekle beraber, bu bireylerde diyabet başlangıç yaşı sağlıklı bireylere göre 10 yaş daha erkendir. Obezite genellikle abdominal obezite olarak görülür ve PKOS’lu kadınların yaklaşık %50’sini etkilemektedir. İnsülin direnci ve abdominal obezite PKOS’ta metabolik bozukluk gelişme riskini arttırmaktadır. Polikistik over sendromlu bireylerde birincil tedavi yaklaşımı tıbbi beslenme tedavisi ve egzersizi içeren yaşam tarzı müdahalesidir. Polikistik over sendromu tanılı kadınların izokalorik beslenme planı uygulamalarına rağmen PKOS tanılı olmayan kadınlara göre yüksek beden kütle indeksi (BKİ) değerine sahip olmaları ile birlikte sağlıklı BKİ aralığındaki kadınlarda da vücut yağ yüzdesi değerlendirmesine göre obezite görülebilmektedir. Bu nedenle, tıbbi beslenme tedavisi yaklaşımlarının vücut ağırlığı kaybını hedefleyici olması gerekmektedir. Tıbbi beslenme tedavisi olarak; şeker ve rafine karbonhidratların tüketiminin sınırlandırılması, düşük glisemik indeksli besinlerin tüketilmesi, doymuş ve trans yağ alımının azaltılması ile birlikte D vitamini, krom, inositol ve omega-3 yağ asitlerinden zengin yeterli ve dengeli bir beslenme önerilmektedir. Günlük alınan enerjinin %55’inin karbonhidratlardan, %15’inin proteinlerden sağlanması ile birlikte yağ alımının %30 ile sınırlandırılması önerilmektedir. Polikistik over sendromunda vücut ağırlığı kaybı ve kaybedilen ağırlığın korunması zorlaşmaktadır. Bu nedenle tıbbi beslenme tedavisinde diyete uyumun değerlendirilmesi önemlidir. Bu çalışmada PKOS tanılı kadınlarda yaygın olarak görülen obezite ve komorbid hastalıklar ile vücut ağırlığı yönetimi ilişkisi incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Ağırlık Yönetimi
• İnsülin direnci
• Polikistik over sendromu
• Obezite

Kaynakça

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