Araştırma Makalesi
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Artificial Intelligence and The Use of Artificial Intelligence in Health: Opinions of Health Sciences Students

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 12 Sayı: 3, 297 - 308, 25.12.2021
https://doi.org/10.22312/sdusbed.950372

Öz

Objective: This study aimed to determine the opinions of students from health sciences faculty on artificial intelligence (AI) and the use of AI in health.

Material and Method: The study utilized a survey design and was conducted with 405 health sciences faculty students participation from nursing (n=182), physiotherapy and rehabilitation (n=191), and nutrition and dietetics (n=32) departments. Research data were collected using an AI opinions questionnaire. Qualitative data were analyzed thematically, and descriptive statistics were used in the analysis of quantitative data.

Results: The students stated that almost half (47.9%, n=194) have knowledge toward AI in health, the majority (75.6%, n=306) were aware of the everyday online applications supported by AI, more than half of them knew the use of AI in health (55.8%, n=226) and the majority of the students (92%, n=372) indicated that they learn more about AI from social media. Students expressed their views on the use of AI in health with the themes of positive opinions, negative opinions, concerns, and lack of knowledge about the use of AI in health. The students suggested applications to prevent medical errors, applications to facilitate clinical decision making.

Conclusions: This study concludes that health science students are aware of the use of AI and AI in health and they want to use AI tools in their education but they have concerns and lack of knowledge on AI. The curriculum in health sciences education should include AI-related content to prepare future healthcare professionals ready for AI technologies.

Kaynakça

  • [1] McCarthy J. What is Artificial Intelligence? [Internet]. 2007 [cited 2020 May 5]. Available from: http://www-formal.stanford.edu/jmc/whatisai/
  • [2] Rajkomar A, Dean J, Kohane I. Machine Learning in Medicine. N Engl J Med [Internet]. 2019 Apr 3 [cited 2020 Dec 29]; Available from: https://www.nejm.org/doi/10.1056/NEJMra1814259
  • [3] Sucu İ. Yapay Zekanın Toplum Üzerindeki Etkisi ve Yapay Zeka (A.I.) Filmi Bağlamında Yapay Zekaya Bakış. Uluslar Kitapları Ve Eğitim Materyalleri Derg. 2019 Dec 16;2(2):203–15.
  • [4] Yu K-H, Beam AL, Kohane IS. Artificial intelligence in healthcare. Nat Biomed Eng. 2018 Oct;2(10):719–31.
  • [5] Reddy S, Fox J, Purohit MP. Artificial intelligence-enabled healthcare delivery. J R Soc Med. 2019 Jan;112(1):22–8.
  • [6] Baker A, Perov Y, Middleton K, Baxter J, Mullarkey D, Sangar D, et al. A Comparison of Artificial Intelligence and Human Doctors for the Purpose of Triage and Diagnosis. Front Artif Intell. 2020;3:543405.
  • [7] Zhou L-Q, Wang J-Y, Yu S-Y, Wu G-G, Wei Q, Deng Y-B, et al. Artificial intelligence in medical imaging of the liver. World J Gastroenterol. 2019 Feb 14;25(6):672–82.
  • [8] Jiang F, Jiang Y, Zhi H, Dong Y, Li H, Ma S, et al. Artificial intelligence in healthcare: past, present and future. Stroke Vasc Neurol. 2017 Dec;2(4):230–43.
  • [9] Maddox TM, Rumsfeld JS, Payne PRO. Questions for Artificial Intelligence in Health Care. JAMA. 2019 Jan 1;321(1):31–2.
  • [10] Çalişkan SA, Demi̇r K, Karaca O. Sağlık Çalışanları Yapay Zekaya Hazır Mı? Are Healthcare Workers Ready for Artificial Intelligence? Sağlık Bilim Yapay Zeka Derg J Artif Intell Health Sci ISSN2757-9646. 2021 Apr 15;1(1):35–35.
  • [11] Abhinav GVKS, Subrahmanyam SN. Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare. J Drug Deliv Ther. 2019 Oct 15;9(5-s):164–6.
  • [12] Topol E. The Topol Review: Preparing the healthcare workforce to deliver the digital future [Internet]. National Health Service; 2017 [cited 2021 Mar 1]. Available from: https://topol.hee.nhs.uk/wp-content/uploads/HEE-Topol-Review-2019.pdf
  • [13] Reznick R, Harris K, Horsley T, Sheikh Hassani M. Task Force Report on Artificial Intelligence and Emerging Digital Technologies [Internet]. Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada; 2020 [cited 2021 Feb 2]. Available from: https://www.royalcollege.ca/rcsite/health-policy/initiatives/ai-task-force-e
  • [14] United States Agency for International Development. Artificial Intelligence in Global Health: Defining a Collective Path Forward [Internet]. 2019 Apr [cited 2021 Mar 3]. Available from: https://www.usaid.gov/cii/ai-in-global-health
  • [15] Ngo B, Nguyen D, vanSonnenberg E. Artificial Intelligence: Has Its Time Come for Inclusion in Medical School Education? Maybe…Maybe Not. MedEdPublish [Internet]. 2021 May 16 [cited 2021 May 16];10. Available from: https://www.mededpublish.org/manuscripts/3811
  • [16] Fan KY, Hu R, Singla R. Introductory machine learning for medical students: A pilot. Med Educ. 2020;54(11):1042–3.
  • [17] Yun D, Xiang Y, Liu Z, Lin D, Zhao L, Guo C, et al. Attitudes towards medical artificial intelligence talent cultivation: an online survey study. Ann Transl Med. 2020 Jun;8(11).
  • [18] dos Santos DP, Giese D, Brodehl S, Chon SH, Staab W, Kleinert R, et al. Medical students’ attitude towards artificial intelligence: a multicentre survey. Eur Radiol. 2019 Apr;29(4):1640–6.
  • [19] IBM. IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 26.0. Armonk, NY: IBM Corp; 2019.
  • [20] Grzeska A, Ali S, Szmuda T, Słoniewski P. Objective Outcomes Evaluation of Innovative Digital Health Curricula. Comment on “Undergraduate Medical Competencies in Digital Health and Curricular Module Development: Mixed Methods Study.” J Med Internet Res. 2021 May 28;23(5):e26034.
  • [21] 15. TİK (TUİK). Hanehalkı Bilişim Teknolojileri Kullanım Araştırması [Internet]. [cited 2021 Jan 1]. Available from: https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Hanehalki-Bilisim-Teknolojileri-(BT)-Kullanim-Arastirmasi-2020-33679
  • [22] Öcal EE, Atay E, Önsüz MF, Algin F, Çokyi̇ği̇t FK, Kilinç S, et al. Tıp Fakültesi Öğrencilerinin Tıpta Yapay Zeka ile İlgili Düşünceleri. Türk Tıp Öğrencileri Araşt Derg. 2020 May 12;2(1):9–16.
  • [23] Chao P-J, Hsu T-H, Liu T-P, Cheng Y-H. Knowledge of and Competence in Artificial Intelligence: Perspectives of Vietnamese Digital-Native Students. IEEE Access. 2021;9:75751–60.
  • [24] Abid S, Awan B, Ismail T, Sarwar N, Sarwar G, Tariq M, et al. Artificial Intelligence: Medical Student’s Attitude in Distric Peshawar Pakistan. Pak J Public Health. 2019 Jul 13;9(1):19–21.
  • [25] Mehta N, Harish V, Bilimoria K, Morgado F, Ginsburg S, Law M, et al. Knowledge and Attitudes on Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare: A Provincial Survey Study of Medical Students. MedEdPublish. 2021 Mar 25;10.
  • [26] Doğaner A. The Approaches and Expectations of The Health Scıences Students Towards Artificial Intelligence. Karya J Health Sci. 2021 Apr 30;2(1):5–11.
  • [27] Miller DD, Brown EW. Artificial Intelligence in Medical Practice: The Question to the Answer? Am J Med. 2018 Feb 1;131(2):129–33.
  • [28] Challen R, Denny J, Pitt M, Gompels L, Edwards T, Tsaneva-Atanasova K. Artificial intelligence, bias and clinical safety. BMJ Qual Saf. 2019 Mar 1;28(3):231–7.
  • [29] Corny J, Rajkumar A, Martin O, Dode X, Lajonchère J-P, Billuart O, et al. A machine learning–based clinical decision support system to identify prescriptions with a high risk of medication error. J Am Med Inform Assoc. 2020 Nov 1;27(11):1688–94.
  • [30] Buchlak QD, Esmaili N, Leveque J-C, Farrokhi F, Bennett C, Piccardi M, et al. Machine learning applications to clinical decision support in neurosurgery: an artificial intelligence augmented systematic review. Neurosurg Rev. 2020 Oct 1;43(5):1235–53.
  • [31] Shortliffe EH, Sepúlveda MJ. Clinical Decision Support in the Era of Artificial Intelligence. JAMA. 2018 Dec 4;320(21):2199–200.
  • [32] Kobayashi N, Shiga T, Ikumi S, Watanabe K, Murakami H, Yamauchi M. Semi-automated tracking of pain in critical care patients using artificial intelligence: a retrospective observational study. Sci Rep. 2021 Mar 4;11(1):5229.

Yapay Zeka ve Sağlıkta Yapay Zekanın Kullanımına Yönelik Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Öğrencilerinin Görüşleri

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 12 Sayı: 3, 297 - 308, 25.12.2021
https://doi.org/10.22312/sdusbed.950372

Öz

Amaç: Bu araştırma, yapay zeka ve sağlıkta yapay zekanın kullanımına yönelik sağlık bilimleri fakültesi öğrencilerinin görüşlerinin belirlenmesi amacı ile yapılmıştır.

Materyal-Metot: Tanımlayıcı tipteki bu araştırma, Mayıs-Temmuz 2020 tarihleri arasında, İzmir ilinde yer alan bir üniversitenin Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi hemşirelik (n=182), fizyoteretapi ve rehabilitasyon (n=191) ve beslenme ve diyetetik (n=32) bölümünde öğrenim gören 405 sağlık bilimleri öğrencisinin katılımı ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırma verileri, Yapay Zeka Farkındalık Anketi ile toplanmıştır. Nitel veriler tematik içeriz analizi yöntemiyle değerlendirilirken, niceliksel verilerin analizinde tanımlayıcı istatistikler kullanılmıştır.

Bulgular: Araştırma bulguları; öğrencilerin yarıya yakın kısmı (%47,9, n=194) sağlıkta yapay zeka kavramı ve çoğunluğunun (%75,6, n=306) günlük hayatta yapay zeka ile desteklenen programlar hakkında bilgi sahibi olduklarını, yarısından fazlasının sağlıkta yapay zeka kullanımı hakkında bilgi sahibi olduklarını (%55,8, n=226) ve büyük çoğunluğunun (%92, n=372) bilgiye sosyal medyadan ulaştıklarını gösterdi. Öğrenciler sağlıkta yapay zeka kullanımı ile ilgili görüşlerini sağlıkta yapay zeka kullanımına yönelik olumlu görüşler, olumsuz görüşler, endişeler ve bilgi eksikliği temaları ile ifade etti. Öğrenciler sağlıkta yapay zeka kullanımına yönelik uygulama önerileri arasında; tıbbi hataların önlenmesine yönelik uygulamalar, klinik karar vermeyi kolaylaştıracak uygulamalar, sağlık profesyonellerinin iş yükünü azaltmaya yardımcı uygulamalar ve robotik uygulamalar yer aldı.

Sonuç: Araştırma sonucunda Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi öğrencilerinin yapay zeka ve sağlıkta yapay zeka kullanımının farkında oldukları ve yapay zeka araçlarının kullanmak istedikleri ancak bu konuda endişelerinin ve bilgi eksikliğinin olduğu görülmüştür. Geleceğin sağlık profesyonellerini, yapay zeka teknolojilerine hazırlamak için eğitim müfredatında yapay zeka ile ilgili içeriklerin dahil edilmesinin önemli olduğu düşünülmektedir.

Kaynakça

  • [1] McCarthy J. What is Artificial Intelligence? [Internet]. 2007 [cited 2020 May 5]. Available from: http://www-formal.stanford.edu/jmc/whatisai/
  • [2] Rajkomar A, Dean J, Kohane I. Machine Learning in Medicine. N Engl J Med [Internet]. 2019 Apr 3 [cited 2020 Dec 29]; Available from: https://www.nejm.org/doi/10.1056/NEJMra1814259
  • [3] Sucu İ. Yapay Zekanın Toplum Üzerindeki Etkisi ve Yapay Zeka (A.I.) Filmi Bağlamında Yapay Zekaya Bakış. Uluslar Kitapları Ve Eğitim Materyalleri Derg. 2019 Dec 16;2(2):203–15.
  • [4] Yu K-H, Beam AL, Kohane IS. Artificial intelligence in healthcare. Nat Biomed Eng. 2018 Oct;2(10):719–31.
  • [5] Reddy S, Fox J, Purohit MP. Artificial intelligence-enabled healthcare delivery. J R Soc Med. 2019 Jan;112(1):22–8.
  • [6] Baker A, Perov Y, Middleton K, Baxter J, Mullarkey D, Sangar D, et al. A Comparison of Artificial Intelligence and Human Doctors for the Purpose of Triage and Diagnosis. Front Artif Intell. 2020;3:543405.
  • [7] Zhou L-Q, Wang J-Y, Yu S-Y, Wu G-G, Wei Q, Deng Y-B, et al. Artificial intelligence in medical imaging of the liver. World J Gastroenterol. 2019 Feb 14;25(6):672–82.
  • [8] Jiang F, Jiang Y, Zhi H, Dong Y, Li H, Ma S, et al. Artificial intelligence in healthcare: past, present and future. Stroke Vasc Neurol. 2017 Dec;2(4):230–43.
  • [9] Maddox TM, Rumsfeld JS, Payne PRO. Questions for Artificial Intelligence in Health Care. JAMA. 2019 Jan 1;321(1):31–2.
  • [10] Çalişkan SA, Demi̇r K, Karaca O. Sağlık Çalışanları Yapay Zekaya Hazır Mı? Are Healthcare Workers Ready for Artificial Intelligence? Sağlık Bilim Yapay Zeka Derg J Artif Intell Health Sci ISSN2757-9646. 2021 Apr 15;1(1):35–35.
  • [11] Abhinav GVKS, Subrahmanyam SN. Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare. J Drug Deliv Ther. 2019 Oct 15;9(5-s):164–6.
  • [12] Topol E. The Topol Review: Preparing the healthcare workforce to deliver the digital future [Internet]. National Health Service; 2017 [cited 2021 Mar 1]. Available from: https://topol.hee.nhs.uk/wp-content/uploads/HEE-Topol-Review-2019.pdf
  • [13] Reznick R, Harris K, Horsley T, Sheikh Hassani M. Task Force Report on Artificial Intelligence and Emerging Digital Technologies [Internet]. Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada; 2020 [cited 2021 Feb 2]. Available from: https://www.royalcollege.ca/rcsite/health-policy/initiatives/ai-task-force-e
  • [14] United States Agency for International Development. Artificial Intelligence in Global Health: Defining a Collective Path Forward [Internet]. 2019 Apr [cited 2021 Mar 3]. Available from: https://www.usaid.gov/cii/ai-in-global-health
  • [15] Ngo B, Nguyen D, vanSonnenberg E. Artificial Intelligence: Has Its Time Come for Inclusion in Medical School Education? Maybe…Maybe Not. MedEdPublish [Internet]. 2021 May 16 [cited 2021 May 16];10. Available from: https://www.mededpublish.org/manuscripts/3811
  • [16] Fan KY, Hu R, Singla R. Introductory machine learning for medical students: A pilot. Med Educ. 2020;54(11):1042–3.
  • [17] Yun D, Xiang Y, Liu Z, Lin D, Zhao L, Guo C, et al. Attitudes towards medical artificial intelligence talent cultivation: an online survey study. Ann Transl Med. 2020 Jun;8(11).
  • [18] dos Santos DP, Giese D, Brodehl S, Chon SH, Staab W, Kleinert R, et al. Medical students’ attitude towards artificial intelligence: a multicentre survey. Eur Radiol. 2019 Apr;29(4):1640–6.
  • [19] IBM. IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 26.0. Armonk, NY: IBM Corp; 2019.
  • [20] Grzeska A, Ali S, Szmuda T, Słoniewski P. Objective Outcomes Evaluation of Innovative Digital Health Curricula. Comment on “Undergraduate Medical Competencies in Digital Health and Curricular Module Development: Mixed Methods Study.” J Med Internet Res. 2021 May 28;23(5):e26034.
  • [21] 15. TİK (TUİK). Hanehalkı Bilişim Teknolojileri Kullanım Araştırması [Internet]. [cited 2021 Jan 1]. Available from: https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Hanehalki-Bilisim-Teknolojileri-(BT)-Kullanim-Arastirmasi-2020-33679
  • [22] Öcal EE, Atay E, Önsüz MF, Algin F, Çokyi̇ği̇t FK, Kilinç S, et al. Tıp Fakültesi Öğrencilerinin Tıpta Yapay Zeka ile İlgili Düşünceleri. Türk Tıp Öğrencileri Araşt Derg. 2020 May 12;2(1):9–16.
  • [23] Chao P-J, Hsu T-H, Liu T-P, Cheng Y-H. Knowledge of and Competence in Artificial Intelligence: Perspectives of Vietnamese Digital-Native Students. IEEE Access. 2021;9:75751–60.
  • [24] Abid S, Awan B, Ismail T, Sarwar N, Sarwar G, Tariq M, et al. Artificial Intelligence: Medical Student’s Attitude in Distric Peshawar Pakistan. Pak J Public Health. 2019 Jul 13;9(1):19–21.
  • [25] Mehta N, Harish V, Bilimoria K, Morgado F, Ginsburg S, Law M, et al. Knowledge and Attitudes on Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare: A Provincial Survey Study of Medical Students. MedEdPublish. 2021 Mar 25;10.
  • [26] Doğaner A. The Approaches and Expectations of The Health Scıences Students Towards Artificial Intelligence. Karya J Health Sci. 2021 Apr 30;2(1):5–11.
  • [27] Miller DD, Brown EW. Artificial Intelligence in Medical Practice: The Question to the Answer? Am J Med. 2018 Feb 1;131(2):129–33.
  • [28] Challen R, Denny J, Pitt M, Gompels L, Edwards T, Tsaneva-Atanasova K. Artificial intelligence, bias and clinical safety. BMJ Qual Saf. 2019 Mar 1;28(3):231–7.
  • [29] Corny J, Rajkumar A, Martin O, Dode X, Lajonchère J-P, Billuart O, et al. A machine learning–based clinical decision support system to identify prescriptions with a high risk of medication error. J Am Med Inform Assoc. 2020 Nov 1;27(11):1688–94.
  • [30] Buchlak QD, Esmaili N, Leveque J-C, Farrokhi F, Bennett C, Piccardi M, et al. Machine learning applications to clinical decision support in neurosurgery: an artificial intelligence augmented systematic review. Neurosurg Rev. 2020 Oct 1;43(5):1235–53.
  • [31] Shortliffe EH, Sepúlveda MJ. Clinical Decision Support in the Era of Artificial Intelligence. JAMA. 2018 Dec 4;320(21):2199–200.
  • [32] Kobayashi N, Shiga T, Ikumi S, Watanabe K, Murakami H, Yamauchi M. Semi-automated tracking of pain in critical care patients using artificial intelligence: a retrospective observational study. Sci Rep. 2021 Mar 4;11(1):5229.
Toplam 32 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Sağlık Kurumları Yönetimi
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Yusuf Yılmaz 0000-0003-4378-4418

Derya Uzelli Yılmaz 0000-0002-7337-6717

Duygu Yıldırım 0000-0002-0223-0016

Esra Akın Korhan 0000-0002-8182-492X

Derya Özer Kaya 0000-0002-6899-852X

Yayımlanma Tarihi 25 Aralık 2021
Gönderilme Tarihi 10 Haziran 2021
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2021 Cilt: 12 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

Vancouver Yılmaz Y, Uzelli Yılmaz D, Yıldırım D, Akın Korhan E, Özer Kaya D. Yapay Zeka ve Sağlıkta Yapay Zekanın Kullanımına Yönelik Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Öğrencilerinin Görüşleri. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi. 2021;12(3):297-308.

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