Araştırma Makalesi
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Investigation of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in Raw Milk Offered for Consumption

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 13 Sayı: 3, 441 - 447, 20.12.2022
https://doi.org/10.22312/sdusbed.1202809

Öz

Objective: Escherichia coli (E.coli) O157:H7 is one of the important causes of morbidity and mortality in terms of human health. Most infections due to E. coli O157:H7 are foodborne. In this study, it was aimed to determine the prevalence of E. coli O157:H7 in raw milk offered for consumption in Mersin.
Materials and Methods: Sixty raw milk samples sold in various markets and grocery stores in Mersin provience were examined. Each milk sample was taken into a sterile container and brought to the bacteriology laboratory in the cold chain. 25 ml of milk samples were taken and inoculated into 225 ml of Tryptic Soy Broth, which was prepared for enrichment. After enrichment, it was cultured on MacConkey or Eozin Metilen Blue (EMB) agar. After the suspicious colonies that grew at the end of the incubation were confirmed as E. coli by IMVIC test, they were inoculated on Sorbitol-Mac-Conkey (SMAC) agar to investigate E. coli O157:H7. Antibiotic susceptibility test was performed by Kirby Bauer disk diffusion method according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines to investigate the isolated isolates in terms of antimicrobial resistance profiles.
Results: E. coli O157:H7 was isolated in two (3.3%) of 60 raw milk samples analyzed. E. coli O157:H7 isolates were found to be resistant to ampicillin and chloramphenicol, whereas only one isolate was resistant to gentamicin and ciprofloxacin, while the other isolate was susceptible. In addition, both isolates were found to be sensitive to tetracycline, nalidixic acid and cefuroxime.
Conclusion: It was concluded that raw milk and dairy products may be a source for E. coli O157:H7 and pose a risk to public health.

Kaynakça

  • [1] Tamang, M. D., Gurung, M., Nam, H. M., Kim, S. R., Jang, G. C., Jung, S. C., et al. 2014. Short communication: genetic characterization of antimicrobial resistance in Acinetobacter isolates recovered from bulk tank milk. J. Dairy Sci. 97, 704–709. doi: 10.3168/jds.2013-7403.
  • [2] Nahla, A. Abou El-Roos; Ebtesam M. Mazıd; Eman M. Zakary and Kayrı F. Abou El Yazıd. 2013. Molecular Characterızatıon of Pseudomonas Aerugınosa Isolated from Mılk. Assiut Vet. Med. J, 59,139.
  • [3] Claeys, W., Cardoen, S., Daube, G., De Block, J., Dewettinck, K., Dierick, K. 2013 Raw or Heated Cow Milk Consumption: Review of Risks and Benefits. Food Control, 31:251e262.
  • [4] Ekici K., Bozkurt, H., Isleyici, O. Isolation of some pathogens from raw milk of different milk animals. 2004. Pak J Nutr, (3), 161–162.
  • [5] Tchaptchet, S., and Hansen, J. 2011. The Yin and Yang of host-commensal mutualism. Gut Microbes, 2,347–352.
  • [6] European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control and European Food Safety Authority (ECDPC/EFSA) (2011): Shiga toxin/verotoxin- producing Escherichia coli in humans,food and animals in the EU/ EEA, with special reference to the German outbreak strain STEC O104. Stockholm: European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC).
  • [7] https://uk.news.yahoo.com/british-girl-dies-e-coli-poisoning-turkey-holiday-133106151.html
  • [8] Ameer, M. A, Wasey, A, Salen, P. Escherichia coli (E coli 0157 H7). 2022. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2022 Jan–. PMID: 29939622.
  • [9] World Health Organization. E.coli. 2018. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/e-coli
  • [10] Feng, P., Weagant, S.D. 2011. Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli. U.S.A. Food and Drug Administriation.
  • [11] March, S.B., Ratnam, S. 1989. Latex agglutination test for detection of Escherichia coli serotype O157:H7. J Clin Microbiol, 27, 1675–1677.
  • [12] World milk production. (2015): FAO data shows. http://dairy.ahdb.org.uk/market-information/supply-production/ milk-production/ world-milk-production/#.Vmff47iLSUk. (9 December 2015).
  • [13] Martin, M. L., Shipman, L. D., Wells, G. J. 1986. Isolation of Escherichia coli O157:H7 from dairy cattle associated with to cases of hemolytic uremic syndrome, Lancett ii, 1043.
  • [14] Duncan, L., Mai, V., Carter, A., Carlson, J. A. K, Borczyk, A., Karmali, M. A. (1987. Outbreak of gastrointestinal disease, Ontorio. Can. Dis. Weekly Rep., 13(2), 5-8.
  • [15] Upon, P., Coia, J. E. 1994. Outbreak of Escherichia coli O157 infections associated with pasteurized milk supply. Lancet, 334: 1015.
  • [16] Öksüz, Ö., Arici, M., Kurultay, S., et al 2004. Incidence of Escherichia coli O157 in raw milk and white pickled cheese manufactured from raw milk in Turkey. Food Control, 15, 453-456.
  • [17] Aslantaş, Ö., Yıldız, P. 2002. Kars yöresinde hayvansal kaynaklı gıdalarda Escherichia coli O157:H7 izolasyonu, Vet Bil Derg, 18, 1-2, 107-111.
  • [18] Aksu, H., Arun, Ö. Ö., Aydın, A., Uğur, M. 1999.: Escherichia coli O157:H7’nin hayvansal kökenli çeşitli gıda maddelerinde varlığı, Pendik Vet Mikrobiyol Derg, 30(2), 77- 81.
  • [19] İnat, G., Sırıken, B., Pamuk, Ş. 2017. Escherichia coli O157 and O157:H7 in Raw Cow Milk. Animal Health Prod and Hyg, 6(1), 481 – 486.
  • [20] Akkaya, L., Alı̇şarlı, M., Kara, R., Tellı̇, R.. 2007. Afyonkarahisar’da Tüketime Sunulan Çiğ Süt ve Peynirlerde E. coli O157:H7 Varlığının Belirlenmesi. Yyü Vet Fak Derg, 18(1), 1-5.
  • [21] Şeker E., Yardimci H. 2008.: First isolation of Escherichia coli O157:H7 from faecaland milk specimens from Anatolian water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalus) in Turkey. Journal of the South African Veterinary Association, 79, 167-170.
  • [22] Sancak, Y.C., Sancak, H., Isleyici, O., Durmaz, H. 2015. Presence of Escherichia coli O157 and O157:H7 in raw milk and Van herby cheese. Bull Vet Inst Pulawy, 59, 511-514. DOI:10.1515/bvip-2015-0076.
  • [23] Padhye, N. V., Doyle, M. P. 1992. Escherichia coli O157:H7 epidemiology pathogenesis and methods for detection in food, J Food Prot, 55(7), 555-565.
  • [24] Abdul-Raouf, U.M., Ammar, M.S., Beuchat, L.R. 1996.: Isolation of Escherichia coli O157:H7 from some Egyptian foods. International Journal of Food Microbiology, 29, 423-426.
  • [25] Wells, J. G., Shipman, L. D., Greene, K. D., Sowers, E. G. 1991. Isolation Escherichia coli serotype O157:H7 and other Shiga like toxin producing E. coli from dairy cattle, J Clin Microbiol, 29(5), 985-989.
  • [26] Arimi, S.M., Koroti, E., Kang’ethe, E.K., Omore, A.O., McDermott, J.J.2005. Risk of infection with Brucella abortus and Escherichia coli O157:H7 associated with marketing of unpasteurized milk in Kenya. Acta Trop, 96, 1–8.
  • [27] Dontorou, C., Papadopoulou, C., Filioussis, G., Economou, V., Apostolou, I., Zakkas, G., Salamoura, A., Kansouzidou, A., Levidiotou, S. 2003. Isolation of Escherichia coli O157:H7 from foods in Greece. Int J Food Microbiol, 82, 273–279.
  • [28] Reuben, A., Treminio, H., Arias, M.L., Chavez C.2003. Presence of Escherichia coli O157:H7, Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella spp. in food from animal origin in Costa Rica. Arch Latinoam Nutr,, 53, 389–392.
  • [29] Lekkas, C., Kakouri, A., Paleologos, E., Voutsinas, L.P., Kontominas, M.G., Samelis ,J.2006. Survival of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in Galotyri cheese stored at 4 and 12C. Food Microbiol, 23, 268–276.
  • [30] McLauchlin, J., Aird, H., Elliott, A., Forester, E., Jørgensen, F., Willis, C. 2020. Microbiological quality of raw drinking milk and unpasteurised dairy products: results from England 2013–2019. Epidemiology and Infection, 148, e135, 1–12. https://doi.org/ 10.1017/S0950268820001016.
  • [31] Tosun, H., Seckin A.K., Gonul, S.A. 2007. Acid adaptation effect on survival of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in fermented milk products. Turk J Vet Anim Sci, 31, 61–6.

Tüketime Sunulan Çiğ Sütlerde Escherichia coli O157:H7 Araştırılması

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 13 Sayı: 3, 441 - 447, 20.12.2022
https://doi.org/10.22312/sdusbed.1202809

Öz

Amaç: Escherichia coli (E.coli) O157:H7 insan sağlığı açısından önemli morbidite ve mortalite nedenlerinden biridir. E. coli O157:H7’ye bağlı enfeksiyonların çoğunluğu gıda kaynaklıdır. Bu çalışmada, Mersin ilinde tüketime sunulan çiğ sütlerde E. coli O157:H7 prevelansının tespiti amaçlanmıştır.
Materyal ve Metot: Mersin ilinde çeşitli pazar ve bakkallarda satışa sunulan 60 adet çiğ süt örneği incelenmiştir. Her bir süt numunesi steril kaba alınmış olup, soğuk zincirde bakteriyoloji laboratuvarına getirilmiştir. Süt örneklerinden 25 ml olacak şekilde alınarak, zenginleştirme işlemi için 225 ml olarak hazırlanan Triptic Soy Broth'a inoküle edilmiştir. Zenginleştirme işlemi sonrasında, MacConkey veya Eozin Metilen Blue (EMB) agara kültüre edilmiştir. İnkübasyon sonunda üreyen şüpheli koloniler IMVIC testi ile E. coli olarak doğrulandıktan sonra E. coli O157:H7 araştırılması için Sorbitol-Mac-Conkey (SMAC) agar üzerine inoküle edilmiştir. Soyutlanan izolatlar antimikrobiyal direnç profilleri açısından araştırılmak üzere Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) kılavuzlarına göre Kirby Bauer disk difüzyon yöntemi ile antibiyotik duyarlılık testi yapılmıştır.
Bulgular: Analize alınan 60 adet çiğ süt örneğinin iki tanesinde (%3,3) E. coli O157:H7 soyutlanmıştır. E. coli O157:H7 izolatlarının ampisilin ve kloramfenikole karşı dirençli olduğu, gentamisin ve siprofloksasine ise yalnızca birinin dirençli iken diğer izolatın duyarlı olduğu bulundu. Ayrıca her iki izolatın da tetrasiklin, nalidiksik asit ve sefuroksime karşı duyarlı olduğu görüldü.
Sonuç: Çiğ süt ve süt ürünlerinin E. coli O157:H7 için kaynak olabileceği ve halk sağlığı açısından risk teşkil edebileceği sonucuna varılmıştır.

Kaynakça

  • [1] Tamang, M. D., Gurung, M., Nam, H. M., Kim, S. R., Jang, G. C., Jung, S. C., et al. 2014. Short communication: genetic characterization of antimicrobial resistance in Acinetobacter isolates recovered from bulk tank milk. J. Dairy Sci. 97, 704–709. doi: 10.3168/jds.2013-7403.
  • [2] Nahla, A. Abou El-Roos; Ebtesam M. Mazıd; Eman M. Zakary and Kayrı F. Abou El Yazıd. 2013. Molecular Characterızatıon of Pseudomonas Aerugınosa Isolated from Mılk. Assiut Vet. Med. J, 59,139.
  • [3] Claeys, W., Cardoen, S., Daube, G., De Block, J., Dewettinck, K., Dierick, K. 2013 Raw or Heated Cow Milk Consumption: Review of Risks and Benefits. Food Control, 31:251e262.
  • [4] Ekici K., Bozkurt, H., Isleyici, O. Isolation of some pathogens from raw milk of different milk animals. 2004. Pak J Nutr, (3), 161–162.
  • [5] Tchaptchet, S., and Hansen, J. 2011. The Yin and Yang of host-commensal mutualism. Gut Microbes, 2,347–352.
  • [6] European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control and European Food Safety Authority (ECDPC/EFSA) (2011): Shiga toxin/verotoxin- producing Escherichia coli in humans,food and animals in the EU/ EEA, with special reference to the German outbreak strain STEC O104. Stockholm: European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC).
  • [7] https://uk.news.yahoo.com/british-girl-dies-e-coli-poisoning-turkey-holiday-133106151.html
  • [8] Ameer, M. A, Wasey, A, Salen, P. Escherichia coli (E coli 0157 H7). 2022. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2022 Jan–. PMID: 29939622.
  • [9] World Health Organization. E.coli. 2018. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/e-coli
  • [10] Feng, P., Weagant, S.D. 2011. Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli. U.S.A. Food and Drug Administriation.
  • [11] March, S.B., Ratnam, S. 1989. Latex agglutination test for detection of Escherichia coli serotype O157:H7. J Clin Microbiol, 27, 1675–1677.
  • [12] World milk production. (2015): FAO data shows. http://dairy.ahdb.org.uk/market-information/supply-production/ milk-production/ world-milk-production/#.Vmff47iLSUk. (9 December 2015).
  • [13] Martin, M. L., Shipman, L. D., Wells, G. J. 1986. Isolation of Escherichia coli O157:H7 from dairy cattle associated with to cases of hemolytic uremic syndrome, Lancett ii, 1043.
  • [14] Duncan, L., Mai, V., Carter, A., Carlson, J. A. K, Borczyk, A., Karmali, M. A. (1987. Outbreak of gastrointestinal disease, Ontorio. Can. Dis. Weekly Rep., 13(2), 5-8.
  • [15] Upon, P., Coia, J. E. 1994. Outbreak of Escherichia coli O157 infections associated with pasteurized milk supply. Lancet, 334: 1015.
  • [16] Öksüz, Ö., Arici, M., Kurultay, S., et al 2004. Incidence of Escherichia coli O157 in raw milk and white pickled cheese manufactured from raw milk in Turkey. Food Control, 15, 453-456.
  • [17] Aslantaş, Ö., Yıldız, P. 2002. Kars yöresinde hayvansal kaynaklı gıdalarda Escherichia coli O157:H7 izolasyonu, Vet Bil Derg, 18, 1-2, 107-111.
  • [18] Aksu, H., Arun, Ö. Ö., Aydın, A., Uğur, M. 1999.: Escherichia coli O157:H7’nin hayvansal kökenli çeşitli gıda maddelerinde varlığı, Pendik Vet Mikrobiyol Derg, 30(2), 77- 81.
  • [19] İnat, G., Sırıken, B., Pamuk, Ş. 2017. Escherichia coli O157 and O157:H7 in Raw Cow Milk. Animal Health Prod and Hyg, 6(1), 481 – 486.
  • [20] Akkaya, L., Alı̇şarlı, M., Kara, R., Tellı̇, R.. 2007. Afyonkarahisar’da Tüketime Sunulan Çiğ Süt ve Peynirlerde E. coli O157:H7 Varlığının Belirlenmesi. Yyü Vet Fak Derg, 18(1), 1-5.
  • [21] Şeker E., Yardimci H. 2008.: First isolation of Escherichia coli O157:H7 from faecaland milk specimens from Anatolian water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalus) in Turkey. Journal of the South African Veterinary Association, 79, 167-170.
  • [22] Sancak, Y.C., Sancak, H., Isleyici, O., Durmaz, H. 2015. Presence of Escherichia coli O157 and O157:H7 in raw milk and Van herby cheese. Bull Vet Inst Pulawy, 59, 511-514. DOI:10.1515/bvip-2015-0076.
  • [23] Padhye, N. V., Doyle, M. P. 1992. Escherichia coli O157:H7 epidemiology pathogenesis and methods for detection in food, J Food Prot, 55(7), 555-565.
  • [24] Abdul-Raouf, U.M., Ammar, M.S., Beuchat, L.R. 1996.: Isolation of Escherichia coli O157:H7 from some Egyptian foods. International Journal of Food Microbiology, 29, 423-426.
  • [25] Wells, J. G., Shipman, L. D., Greene, K. D., Sowers, E. G. 1991. Isolation Escherichia coli serotype O157:H7 and other Shiga like toxin producing E. coli from dairy cattle, J Clin Microbiol, 29(5), 985-989.
  • [26] Arimi, S.M., Koroti, E., Kang’ethe, E.K., Omore, A.O., McDermott, J.J.2005. Risk of infection with Brucella abortus and Escherichia coli O157:H7 associated with marketing of unpasteurized milk in Kenya. Acta Trop, 96, 1–8.
  • [27] Dontorou, C., Papadopoulou, C., Filioussis, G., Economou, V., Apostolou, I., Zakkas, G., Salamoura, A., Kansouzidou, A., Levidiotou, S. 2003. Isolation of Escherichia coli O157:H7 from foods in Greece. Int J Food Microbiol, 82, 273–279.
  • [28] Reuben, A., Treminio, H., Arias, M.L., Chavez C.2003. Presence of Escherichia coli O157:H7, Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella spp. in food from animal origin in Costa Rica. Arch Latinoam Nutr,, 53, 389–392.
  • [29] Lekkas, C., Kakouri, A., Paleologos, E., Voutsinas, L.P., Kontominas, M.G., Samelis ,J.2006. Survival of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in Galotyri cheese stored at 4 and 12C. Food Microbiol, 23, 268–276.
  • [30] McLauchlin, J., Aird, H., Elliott, A., Forester, E., Jørgensen, F., Willis, C. 2020. Microbiological quality of raw drinking milk and unpasteurised dairy products: results from England 2013–2019. Epidemiology and Infection, 148, e135, 1–12. https://doi.org/ 10.1017/S0950268820001016.
  • [31] Tosun, H., Seckin A.K., Gonul, S.A. 2007. Acid adaptation effect on survival of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in fermented milk products. Turk J Vet Anim Sci, 31, 61–6.
Toplam 31 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Sağlık Kurumları Yönetimi
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Cansu Onlen Guneri 0000-0002-6112-0693

Suna Kızılyıldırım 0000-0002-1039-8556

Yayımlanma Tarihi 20 Aralık 2022
Gönderilme Tarihi 11 Kasım 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022 Cilt: 13 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

Vancouver Onlen Guneri C, Kızılyıldırım S. Tüketime Sunulan Çiğ Sütlerde Escherichia coli O157:H7 Araştırılması. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi. 2022;13(3):441-7.

SDÜ Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, makalenin gönderilmesi ve yayınlanması dahil olmak üzere hiçbir aşamada herhangi bir ücret talep etmemektedir. Dergimiz, bilimsel araştırmaları okuyucuya ücretsiz sunmanın bilginin küresel paylaşımını artıracağı ilkesini benimseyerek, içeriğine anında açık erişim sağlamaktadır.