WHAT IS EPIGENETIC CHANGE AND WHAT DO WE KNOW ABOUT ITS IMPACT ON MOLECULAR PATHOLOGIC MECHANISMS OF THE DISEASES?

Öz

Epigenetic change refers to a phenotypic alteration without permanent genotypic change, which occurs through chromatin modification, DNA methylation, histone modification, chromatin-regulating proteins and non-coding RNAs. Post-transcriptional m6A RNA methylation is also a newly described epigenetic mechanism and believed to be a new diagnostic biomarker and potential therapeutic target. It is a well- known fact that epigenetic changes play a significant role in the development and progression of several nonneoplastic and neoplastic diseases. Therefore, epigenetic changes are of value in diagnostic and prognostic terms. On the other hand, with the development of personalized medicine and targeted treatment approaches, treatment strategies targeting the epigenetic changes are becoming a promising area for many diseases. The aim of this review is to provide information about the mechanisms of epigenetic changes and their role in the development of neoplastic and nonneoplastic diseases, which may be helpful for the clinicians and laboratory medicine experts for further researchs.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• epigenetic
• disease
• nonneoplastic
• neoplastic

EPİGENETİK DEĞİŞİKLİK NEDİR VE HASTALIKLARIN MOLEKÜLER PATOLOJİK MEKANİZMALARI ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİSİ HAKKINDA NE BİLİYORUZ?

Öz

Epigenetik değişiklik, kromatin modifikasyonu, DNA metilasyonu, histon modifikasyonu, kromatin düzenleyici proteinler ve kodlamayan RNA'lar yoluyla meydana gelmekte olup, kalıcı genotipik değişiklik olmaksızın gerçekleşen fenotipik bir değişikliği ifade eder. Transkripsiyon sonrası m6A RNA metilasyonu da yeni tanımlanmış bir epigenetik mekanizma olup, yeni bir tanısal biyobelirteç ve potansiyel terapötik hedef olduğuna inanılmaktadır. Epigenetik değişikliklerin birçok nonneoplastik ve neoplastik hastalığın gelişiminde ve ilerlemesinde önemli bir rol oynadığı iyi bilinen bir gerçektir. Bu nedenle epigenetik değişiklikler tanısal ve prognostik açıdan değerlidir. Öte yandan kişiselleştirilmiş tıp ve hedefe yönelik tedavi yaklaşımlarının gelişmesiyle birlikte epigenetik değişiklikleri hedefleyen tedavi stratejileri birçok hastalık için umut verici bir alan haline gelmektedir. Bu derlemenin amacı, epigenetik değişikliklerin mekanizmaları ve neoplastik / nonneoplastik hastalıkların gelişimindeki rolleri hakkında klinisyenlere ve laboratuvar tıbbı uzmanlarına daha sonraki araştırmalar için yardımcı olabilecek bilgiler sağlamaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• epigenetik
• hastalık
• nonneoplastik
• neoplastik

Kaynakça

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