Fetal büyümeye etki eden çevresel faktörler

Esra Çetin; M.Ali Malas

doi:10.17343/sdutfd.03247

Fetal büyümeye etki eden çevresel faktörler

Öz

SüleymanDemirel Üniversitesi TIP FAKÜLTESİ DERGİSİ: 2005 Haziran; 12(2) Fetal büyümeye etki eden çevresel faktörler Esra Çetin, M. Ali Malas Özet Gebelikte, hava, su, gürültü, manyetik ortam ve kimyasal maddeler gibi çevresel faktörlerin zararlı etkilerinin olabileceği konusu günümüzde artan bir ilgi odağı haline gelmiştir. Çalışmamızda bu çevresel faktörlerin fetal büyüme üzerine etkileri ile ilgili literatürler gözden geçirildi. Çevresel etkenlerin gebelikte değişen feto-maternal fizyoloji sonucunda annenin sağlığı ile birlikte fetusun sağlık durumunu da etkileyebileceği belirtilmektedir. Çevresel kirlilik faktörlerinin özellikle düşük doğum ağırlığı, intrauterin büyüme geriliği, preterm doğum, spontan abortus ve fetal mortalite ile olan ilişkileri bildirilmiştir. Ayrıca çevresel kirliliğe maruziyetin nöral tüp defekti, yarık damak ve dudak, kardiyovasküler sistem defektleri, santral sinir sistemi, solunum sistemi ve üriner sistem defektleri gibi değişik doğum defektleriyle ilişkili olduğu da belirtilmektedir. Bu nedenle çevresel faktörlerin fetus üzerinde etkilerinin araştırılması için daha ileri çalışmalara ihtiyaç vardır. Anahtar kelimeler: Fetus, fetal büyüme, çevre Abstract Environmental Factors That Affect The Fetal Growth The fact that some environmental factors like air, water, noise, magnetic fields and chemicals may have some harmful effects, continues to arouse more interest especially in last years. We have reviewed some literatures about the effects of these environmental factors on fetal growth. It has been reported that environmental factors can affect the feto – maternal health status in accordance with the altered physiological conditions during pregnancy. Among these unsolicited effects, there are some insults like low birth weight, intrauterine growth failure, preterm delivery, spontan abortus and fetal mortality. Furthermore, it has also been highlighted that exposure to environmental pollution is related with neural tube defects, cleft lip and palate, cardiovascular system defects and abnormalities in central nervous, respiratory and genitourinary systems. For this reason, further studies are needed to reveal the effects of environmental factors on fetal development more clearly. Key words: Fetus, fetal growth, environment

Anahtar Kelimeler

Fetus, fetal büyüme, çevre

Kaynakça

Fowden A, Growth And Metabolism, Harding R And Bocking A, Fetal Growth And Development, Camridge University Press 2001, UK, 44-70.
Dirican R, Bilgel N. Halk Saðlýðý (Toplum Hekimliði). Uludað Ün Basýmevi, Bursa, 1993,
Atasü T. Gebelikte Fetusa ve Yenidoðana Zararlý Etkenler. Nobel Týp Kitabevleri, 2. Baský, 2000, 477- 8.
Ritz B, Yu F, Fruin S, Chapa G, Shaw GM, Harris JA. Ambient Air Pollution and Risk of Birth Defects ýn Southern California. Am J Epidemiol 2002; 155(1): 17-25.
Xu X, Ding H, Wang X Acute Effects Of Total Suspended Particles And Sulfur Dioxides On Preterm Delivery: A Community-Based Cohort Study. Arch Environ Health 1995; 50(6): 407-15.
Wang X, Ding H, Ryan L, Xu X. Association Between Air Pollution And Low Birth Weight: A Community- Based Study. Environ Health Perspect 1997; 105(5): 514-20.
Pereira LA, Loomis D, Conceicao GM, Braga AL, Arcas RM, Kishi HS et al. Association Between Air Pollution and Intrauterine Mortality ýn Sao Paulo, Brazil.Environ Health Perspect 1998; 106(6): 325-9.
Bobak M. Leon DA. Pregnancy Outcomes and Outdoor Air Pollution: An Ecological Study in Districts of the Czech Republic 1986-8. Occup Environ Med 1999; 56(8): 539-43.

Bobak M Outdoor Air Pollution, Low Birth Weight, and Prematurity. Environ Health Perspect 2000; 108(2): 173-6.
Perera FP, Whyatt RM, Jedrychowski W, Rauh V, Manchester D, Santella RM, Ottman R. Recent Developments in Molecular Epidemiology: A Study of the Effects of Environmental Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons on Birth Outcomes in Poland. Am J Epidemiol 1998; 147(3): 309-14.
Dejmek J, Selevan SG, Benes I, Solansky I, Sram RJ. Fetal Growth and Maternal Exposure to Particulate Matter During Pregnancy. Environ Health Perspect 1999; 107(6): 475-80.
Loomis D, Castillejos M, Gold DR, McDonnell W, Borja-Aburto VH. Air Pollution and Infant Mortality in Mexico City. Epidemiology 1999; 10(2): 118-23.
Woodruff TJ, Grillo J, Schoendorf KC. The Relationship Between Selected Causes of Postneonatal Infant Mortality and Particulate Air Pollution in the United States. Environ Health Perspect. 1997; 105(6): 608- 12.
Chen L, Yang W, Jennison BL, Goodrich A, Omaye ST. Air Pollution and Birth Weight in Northern Nevada, 1991-1999. Inhal Toxicol 2002; 14(2): 141-57.
Rogers JF, Thompson SJ, Addy CL, McKeown RE, Cowen DJ, Decoufle P. Association of Very Low Birth Weight with Exposures to Environmental Sulfur Dioxide and Total Suspended Particulates. Am J Epidemiol 2000; 151(6): 602-13.
Gouveia N, Bremner SA, Novaes HM. Association Between Ambient Air Pollution and Birth Weight in Sao Paulo, Brazil. J Epidemiol Community Health 2004; 58(1): 2-3. J Epidemiol Community Health 2004; 58(1): 3-5.
Wennborg H, Bodin L, Vainio H, Axelsson G. Pregnancy Outcome of Personnel in Swedish Biomedical Research Laboratories. J Occup Environ Med 2000; 42(4): 438-6.
Ritz B, Yu F. The Effect of Ambient Carbon Monoxide on Low Birth Weight Among Children Born in Southern California Between 1989 And 1993. Environ Health Perspect 1999; 107(1): 17-25.
Ritz B, Yu F, Chapa G, Fruin S. Effect of Air Pollution on Preterm Birth Among Children Born in Southern California Between 1989 And 1993. Epidemiology 2000; 11(5): 502-11
Glinianaia SV, Rankin J, Bell R, Pless-Mulloli T, Howel D. Particulate Air Pollution and Fetal Health: A Systematic Review of the Epidemiologic Evidence. Epidemiology 2004; 15(1): 36-45.
Rowland AS, Baird DD, Shore DL, Weinberg CR, Savitz DA, Wilcox AJ. Nitrous Oxide and Spontaneous Abortion in Female Dental Assistants. Am J Epidemiol 1995; 141(6): 531-8.
Rice D, Barone S Jr. Critical Periods of Vulnerability for the Developing Nervous System: Evidence From Humans and Animal Models. Environ Health Perspect 2000; 108(3): 511-33.
Singh J. Nitrogen Dioxide Exposure Alters Neonatal Development. Neurotoxicology 1988; 9(3): 545-9.
Windham GC, Eaton A, Hopkins B. Evidence for an Association Between Environmental Tobacco Smoke Exposure and Birthweight: A Meta-Analysis and New Data. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol 1999; 13(1): 35-57.
Dejmek J, Solansk y I, Podrazilova K, Sram RJ. The Exposure of Nonsmoking and Smoking Mothers to Environmental Tobacco Smoke During Different Gestational Phases and Fetal Growth. Environ Health Perspect 2002; 110(6): 601-6.
Perera FP, Rauh V, Tsai WY, Kinney P, Camann D, Barr D, et al. Effects of Transplacental Exposure to Environmental Pollutants on Birth Outcomes in a Multiethnic Population. Environ Health Perspect 2003; 111(2): 201-5.
Colak O, Alatas O, Aydogdu S, Uslu S. The Effect of Smoking on Bone Metabolism: Maternal and Cord Blood Bone Marker Levels. Clinical Biochemistry 2002; 35: 247-50 .
Nelson E, Jodscheit K, Guo Y. Maternal Passive Smoking During Pregnancy and Fetal Developmental Toxicity. Part 1: Gross Morphological Effects. Hum Exp Toxicol 1999; 18(4): 252-6.
Verhaeghe J, Van Herek E, Bouillon R. Umbilical Cord Osteocalsin in Normal Pregnancies and Pregnancies Complicated by Fetal Growth Retardation or Diabetes Mellitus. Biol Neonate 1995; 68: 377-83.
Howard DJ, Briggs LA, Pritsos CA. Oxidative DNA Damage in Mouse Heart, Liver, and Lung Tissue Due To Acute Side-Stream Tobacco Smoke Exposure. Arch Biochem Biophys 1998; 352(2): 293-7
Dodds L, King W, Woolcott C, Pole J. Trihalomethanes in Public Water Supplies and Adverse Birth Outcomes. Epidemiology 1999; 10(3): 233-7.
Wright JM, Schwartz J, Dockery DW. Effect of Trihalomethane Exposure on Fetal Development. Occup Environ Med 2003; 60(3): 173-80.
Bove FJ, Fulcomer MC, Klotz JB, Esmart J, Dufficy EM, Savrin JE. Public Drinking Water Contamination and Birth Outcomes. Am J Epidemiol 1995; 141(9): 850-62.
Witkowski KM, Johnson NE. Organic-Solvent Water Pollution and Low Birth Weight in Michigan. Soc Biol 1992; 39(1-2): 45-54.
Cho SI, Li Q, Yang J, Chen C, Padungtod C, Ryan L, et al. Drinking Water Source and Spontaneous Abortion: A Cross-Sectional Study in A Rural Chinese Population. Ýnt J Occup Environ Health 1999; 5(3): 164-9.
Hwang BF, Magnus P, Jaakkola JJ. Risk of Specific Birth Defects in Relation to Chlorination and the Amount of Natural Organic Matter in the Water Supply. Am J Epidemiol 2002; 156(4): 374-82.
Cedergren MI, Selbing AJ, Lofman O, Kallen BA. Chlorination Byproducts and Nitrate in Drinking Water and Risk for Congenital Cardiac Defects. Environ Res 2002; 89(2): 124-30.
Jaakkola JJ, Magnus P, Skrondal A, Hwang BF, Becher G, Dybing E. Foetal Growth and Duration of Gestation Relative to Water Chlorination. Occup Environ Med 2001; 58(7): 437-42.
Dodds L, King W, Allen AC, Armson BA, Fell DB, Nimrod C. Trihalomethanes in Public Water Supplies and Risk of Stillbirth. Epidemiology 2004; 15(2): 179- 86.
Shaw GM, Ranatunga D, Quach T, Neri E, Correa A, Neutra RR. Trihalomethane Exposures from Municipal Water Supplies and Selected Congenital Malformations. Epidemiology 2003; 14(2): 191-9.
Hopenhayn C, Ferreccio C, Browning SR, Huang B, Peralta C, Gibb H, et al. Arsenic Exposure from Drinking Water and Birth Weight. Epidemiology 2003; 14(5): 593-602.
Gerhardt KJ, Pierson LL, Huang X, Abrams RM, Rarey KE. Effects of Intense Noise Exposure on Fetal Sheep Auditory Brain Stem Response and Inner Ear Histology. Ear Hear 1999; 20(1): 21-32.
Brezinka C, Lechner T, Stephan K. The Fetus and Noise. Gynakol Geburtshilfliche Rundsch 1997; 37(3): 119-29.
Karlsen SJ, Bull-Njaa T, Krokstad A. Measurement of Sound Emission by Endoscopic Lithotripters: An in Vitro Study and Theoretical Estimation of Risk of Hearing Loss in a Fetus. J Endourol 2001; 15(8): 821- 6.
Zhan C, Lu Y, Li C, Wu Z, Long Y, Zhou L, Zhou B. A Study of Textile Noise Ýnfluence on Maternal Function and Embryo-Growth. Hua Xi Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao. 1991; 22(4): 394-8.
Cary R, Clarke S, Delic J. Effects of Combined Exposure to Noise and Toxic Substances--Critical Review of the Literature. Ann Occup Hyg 1997; 41(4): 455-65.
Nakamura H, Matsuzaki I, Hatta K, Nobukuni Y, Kambayashi Y, Ogino K. Nonthermal Effects of Mobile-Phone Frequency Microwaves on Uteroplacental Functions in Pregnant Rats. Reprod Toxicol 2003; 17(3): 321-6.
Chung MK, Kim JC, Myung SH, Lee DI. Developmental Toxicity Evaluation of ELF Magnetic Fields in Sprague-Dawley Rats. Bioelectromagnetics 2003; 24(4): 231-40.
Ryan BM, Polen M, Gauger JR, Mallett E Jr, Kearns MB, Bryan TL, McCormick DL. Evaluation of the Developmental Toxicity of 60 Hz Magnetic Fields and Harmonic Frequencies in Sprague-Dawley Rats. Radiat Res 2000; 153(5): 637-41.
Ohnishi Y, Mizuno F, Sato T, Yasui M, Kikuchi T, Ogawa M. Effects of Power Frequency Alternating Magnetic Fields on Reproduction and Pre-Natal Development of Mice. J Toxicol Sci 2002; 27(3): 131- 8.
Tablado L, Soler C, Nunez M, Nunez J, Perez-Sanchez F. Development of Mouse Testis and Epididymis Following Intrauterine Exposure to A Static Magnetic Field. Bioelectromagnetics 2000; 21(1): 19-24.
Murakami J, Torii Y, Masuda K. Fetal Development of Mice Following Ýntrauterine Exposure To A Static Magnetic Field of 6.3 T. Magn Reson Imaging 1992; 10(3): 433-7.
Vijayalaxmi, Sasser LB, Morris JE, Wilson BW, Anderson LE. Genotoxic Potential of 1.6 Ghz Wireless Communication Signal: In Vivo Two-Year Bioassay. Radiat Res 2003; 159(4): 558-64.
Celik O, Hascalik S. Effect of Electromagnetic Field Emitted by Cellular Phones on Fetal Heart Rate Patterns. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2004; 112(1): 55- 6.
Ryan BM, Mallett E Jr, Johnson TR, Gauger JR, McCormick DL. Developmental Toxicity Study of 60 Hz (Power Frequency) Magnetic Fields in Rats. Teratology 1996; 54(2): 73-83.
Carnes KI, Magin RL. Effects of in Utero Exposure to 4.7 T MR Imaging Conditions on Fetal Growth and Testicular Development in the Mouse. Magn Reson Imaging 1996; 14(3): 263-74.
Fam WZ, Mikhail EL. Lymphoma induced in mice chronically exposed to very strong low-frequency electromagnetic field. Cancer Lett 1996; 105(2): 257- 69.
National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurement. Considerations regarding the unintended radiation exposure of the embryo, fetus or nursing child. NRCP Commentary 1994; 9.
Fattibene P, Mazzei F, Nuccetelli C, Risica S. Prenatal exposure to ionizing radiation: sources, effects and regulatory. Acta Paediatr 1999; 88:693-702.
Otake M, Schull WJ. Radiation-related small head sizes among prenatally exposed A-bomb survivors. Int J Radiat Biol 1993; 63:255-270
Osei EK, Faulkner K. Fetal doses from radiological examinations. Brit J of Radiol 1999; 72:773-780.
Boice JD, Miller WR. Childhood and adult cancer after intrauterin expojure to ionizing radiation. Teratology 1999; 59:227- 233.
Seidler A, Raum E, Arabin B, Hellenbrand W, Walter U, Schwartz FW. Maternal Occupational Exposure to Chemical Substances and the Risk of Infants Small- For-Gestational-Age. Am J Ind Med 1999; 36(1): 213- 22.
Taskinen HK, Kyyronen P, Sallmen M, Virtanen SV, Liukkonen TA, Hiuda O, et al. Reduced Fertility Among Female Wood Workers Exposed to Formaldehyde. Am J Ind Med 1999; 36(1): 206-12.
Ribas-Fito N, Cardo E, Sala M, Eulalia de Muga M, Mazon C, Verdu A, et al. Breastfeeding, Exposure to Organochlorine Compounds and Neurodevelopment in Infants. Pediatrics 2003; 111(5): 580-5.
Landrigan PJ, Claudio L, Markowitz SB, Berkowitz GS, Brenner BL, Romero H, et al. Pesticides and Inner- City Children: Exposures, Risks, and Prevention. Environ Health Perspect 1999; 107(3): 431-7.
Yan C, Shen X, Ao L. Lead Exposure Level in Umbilical Cord Blood and its Related Factors Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi. 1997; 31(1): 9-12.
Falcon M, Vinas P, Osuna E Luna A. Environmental Exposures to Lead and Cadmium Measured in Human Placenta. Arch Environ Health 2002; 57(6): 598-602.
Falcon M, Vinas P, Luna A. Placental Lead and Outcome of Pregnancy. Toxicology 2003; 185: 59-61.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil

İngilizce

Konular

-

Bölüm

-

Yazarlar

Esra Çetin Bu kişi benim

M.Ali Malas Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi

8 Nisan 2009

Gönderilme Tarihi

8 Nisan 2009

Kabul Tarihi

-

Yayımlandığı Sayı

Yıl 2005 Cilt: 12 Sayı: 2

DOI

https://doi.org/10.17343/sdutfd.03247

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA27MD43XH

Kaynak Göster

RIS / Bibtex

APA

Çetin, E., & Malas, M. (2009). Fetal büyümeye etki eden çevresel faktörler. Medical Journal of Süleyman Demirel University, 12(2), 65-72. https://doi.org/10.17343/sdutfd.03247

AMA

1.Çetin E, Malas M. Fetal büyümeye etki eden çevresel faktörler. SDÜ Tıp Fak Derg. 2009;12(2):65-72. doi:10.17343/sdutfd.03247

Chicago

Çetin, Esra, ve M.Ali Malas. 2009. “Fetal büyümeye etki eden çevresel faktörler”. Medical Journal of Süleyman Demirel University 12 (2): 65-72. https://doi.org/10.17343/sdutfd.03247.

EndNote

Çetin E, Malas M (01 Nisan 2009) Fetal büyümeye etki eden çevresel faktörler. Medical Journal of Süleyman Demirel University 12 2 65–72.

IEEE

[1]E. Çetin ve M. Malas, “Fetal büyümeye etki eden çevresel faktörler”, SDÜ Tıp Fak Derg, c. 12, sy 2, ss. 65–72, Nis. 2009, doi: 10.17343/sdutfd.03247.

ISNAD

Çetin, Esra - Malas, M.Ali. “Fetal büyümeye etki eden çevresel faktörler”. Medical Journal of Süleyman Demirel University 12/2 (01 Nisan 2009): 65-72. https://doi.org/10.17343/sdutfd.03247.

JAMA

1.Çetin E, Malas M. Fetal büyümeye etki eden çevresel faktörler. SDÜ Tıp Fak Derg. 2009;12:65–72.

MLA

Çetin, Esra, ve M.Ali Malas. “Fetal büyümeye etki eden çevresel faktörler”. Medical Journal of Süleyman Demirel University, c. 12, sy 2, Nisan 2009, ss. 65-72, doi:10.17343/sdutfd.03247.

Vancouver

1.Esra Çetin, M.Ali Malas. Fetal büyümeye etki eden çevresel faktörler. SDÜ Tıp Fak Derg. 01 Nisan 2009;12(2):65-72. doi:10.17343/sdutfd.03247