Ambliyopide güncel yaklaşımlar

Yusuf Özdemir

doi:10.17343/sdutfd.06937

Ambliyopide güncel yaklaşımlar

Öz

SüleymanDemirel Üniversitesi TIP FAKÜLTESİ DERGİSİ: 2007 Haziran; 14(2) Ambliyopide güncel yaklaşımlar Yusuf Özdemir S.B. Şanlıurfa Balıklıgöl Devlet Hastanesi Göz Hastalıkları Kliniği, Şanlıurfa Özet Ambliyopi göz muayenesinde herhangi bir organik patoloji bulunmamasına rağmen görme keskinliğinde azalma ve anormal binokular etkileşim şeklinde tarif edilir. Görülme sıklığı, yüksek gelir grubunda %1.6-3.6 olarak bildirilmiş olup, bu oran düşük gelir grubunda daha da fazladır. Bu yazıda, ambliyopi ve tedavisi güncel yaklaşımlarla ele alınmıştır. Anahtar Kelimeler: Ambliyopi, kapama tedavisi. Abstract Current Approaches for Ambylopia Amblyopia is decrease in visual acuity despite no positive finding in ocular examination. The incidence of amblyopia is reported as 3.6% in societies with higher income, and much higher in lower income groups. This manuscript evaluates current concepts and treatment modalities of amblyopia. Key Words: Amblyopia, occlusion treatment.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Ambliyopi, kapama tedavisi

Kaynakça

von Noorden GK: Binocular Vision and Ocular Motility.St. Louis, Mosby, 1996, pp 132, 136, 143, 216, 21820, 225,2423, 24954, 503, 511, 5149
Eibschitz-Tsimhoni M, Friedman T, Naor J, et al. Early screening for amblyogenic risk factors lowers the prevalence and severity of amblyopia. J AAPOS 2000; 4: 1949,
Kvarnström G, Jakobsson P, Lennerstrand G. Visual screeningof Swedish children: an ophthalmological evaluation. Acta Ophthalmol Scand 2001; 79 :2404
Kvarnström S, Jakobsson P, Lennerstrand G, et al. Screening for visual and ocular disorders in children, evaluationof the system in Sweden. Acta Pediatr 1998; 87:11739
Lennerstrand G, Jakobsson P, Kvarnström G. Screening for ocular dysfunction in children: approaching a common program. Acta Ophthalmol Scand (Suppl 214) 1995; 2638: discussion 3940
Leske MC, Hawkins B. Screening. Relationship to diagnosis and therapy, in Duane TD, Jaeger EA (eds). Clinical Ophthalmology, Vol. 5. Philadephia: Harper & Row, chap 54; 1994
Simons K. Preschool vision screening: rationale, methodology and outcome. Surv Ophthalmol 1996; 41: 330
Campos EC, Bolzani R, Gualdi G, et al. Recording of disparity vergence in comitant esotropia. Doc Ophthalmol 1989; 71: 6976

Abrahamsson M, Sjöstrand J. Natural history of infantile anisometropia. Br J Ophthalmol 1996; 80: 8603
Abrahamsson M, Sjöstrand J. Contrast sensitivity and acuity relationship in strabismic and anisometropic amblyopia. Br J Ophthalmol 1998; 72: 449
Adler-Grinberg D. Need for eye and vision care in an underserve population, refractive errors and other ocular anomalies in the Sioux. Am J Optom Physiol Opt 1986; 63: 5538
Cass EE. Types of strabismus occurring among Indians and Eskimos of northwest territories, in Shephard R (ed). Circumpolar Health. Toronto, Health and Welfare Canada, Medical Services Branch, Northwest Territories Region. Toronto, University of Toronto Pres 1976; pp 37382
Chew E, Remaley NA, Tamboli A, et al. Risk factors for esotropia and exotropia. Arch Ophthalmol 1994; 112: 134955
Hainline L, Riddell PM. Binocular alignment and vergence in early infancy. Vision Res 1995; 35: 322936
Horwood A. Neonatal ocular misalignments reflect vergence development but rarely become esotropia. Br J Ophthalmol 2003; 87: 114650
Horwood AM. Maternal observations of ocular alignment in infants. J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 1993; 30: 1005
Slater AM, Findlay JM. Binocular fixation in the newborn baby. J Exp Child Psychol 1975; 20: 24873
Turner JE, Horwood AM,Houston SM, et al. Development of the response AC/A ratio over the first year of life. Vision Res 2002; 42: 252132
Barrett B, Pacey I, Bradley A, et al. Nonveridical visual perception in human amblyopia. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2003; 44: 155567
Daw N: Visual Development. New York, Plenum 1995, pp 13952
Hendrickson AE, Movshon JA, Eggers HM, et al. Effects of early unilateral blur on the macaques visual system. II. Anatomical observations. J Neurosci 1987; 7: 132739
Yen MY, Cheng CY, Wang AG. Retinal nerve fiber layer thickness in unilateral amblyopia. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2004; 45: 222430
Bowman RJ, Williamson TH, Andrews RG, et al. An inner city preschool visual screening programme: long- term visual results. Br J Ophthalmol 1998; 82: 5438
Collins A, Hannah J, et al. Anisometropia. Orthoptists and early diagnosis make the difference. Br Orthopt J 1996; 53: 315
Kvarnström G, Jakobsson P, Dahlgaard J. Visual screening in Sweden. Effectiveness in the reduction of amblyopia and costs, in de Faber J-T (ed). Progress in Ophthalmology. 9th Meeting of the International Strabismological Association, Sydney, Australia, 1720 April 2002. Lisse, Swets & Zeitlinger 2003 pp 415
König HH, Barry JC. Cost-utility analysis of orthoptic screening in kindergarten: a Markov model based on data from Germany. Pediatrics 2004; 113: 95108
Ching FC, Parks MM, Friendly DS. Practical management of amblyopia. J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 1986; 23:126
Fricker SJ, Kuperwaser MC, Stromberg AE, et al. Stripe therapy for amblyopia with a modified television game. Arch Ophthalmol 1981; 99: 15969
Gregersen E, Rindziunski OT. Conventional occlusion in the treatment of squint amblyopia. A 10-year followup. Acta Ophthalmol 1965; 43: 46274
Levartovsky S, Oliver M, Gottesman N, et al. Long- term effect of hypermetropic anisometropia on the visual acuity of treated amblyopic eyes. Br J Ophthalmol 1998; 82: 558
Kutschke PJ, Scott WE, Keech RV. Anisometropic amblyopia. Ophthalmology 1991; 98: 25863
Levartovsky S, Oliver M, Gottesman N, et al. Factors affecting long term results of successfully treated amblyopia: initial visual acuity and type of amblyopia. Br J Ophthalmol 1995; 79: 2258
Lithander J, Sjo¨strand J. Anisometropic and strabismic amblyopia in the age group 2 years and above: a prospective study of the results of treatment. Br JOphthalmol 1991; 75: 1116
Kushner B: Discussion by. Ophthalmol 2003; 110:16378
Chandna A, Gonzalez-Martin JA, Norcia AM. Recovery of contour integration in relation to LogMAR visual acuity during treatment of amblyopia in children. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2004; 45: 401622
Clarke M, Richardson S, Hrisos, et al. The UK amblyopia treatment trial. Visual acuity and stereoacuity values in treated and untreated unilateral straight-eyed amblyopia, in deFaber J-T, (ed). Progress in Strabismology. Lisse, Swets & Zeitlinger 2003; pp 3940
Clarke W, Noel LP. Prognostic indicators for avoiding occlusion therapy in anisometropic amblyopia. Am Orthop J 1990; 40: 5163
Campbell FW,Hess RF,Watson PG, et al. Preliminary results of a physiologically based treatment of amblyopia. Br J Ophthalmol 1978; 62: 74855
Watson PG, Banks RV, Campbell FW, et al. Clinical assessment of a new treatment for amblyopia. Trans Ophthalmol Soc UK 1978; 98: 2018
Lennerstrand G, Samuelsson B. Amblyopia in 4-year- old children treated with grating stimulation and full- time occlusion; a comparative study. Br J Ophthalmol 1983; 67: 18190
Nyman KG, Singh G, Rydberg A, et al. Controlled study comparing CAM treatment with occlusion therapy. Br J Ophthalmol 1983; 67: 17880
Schor C, Gibson J, HsuM, et al. The use of rotating gratings for the treatment of amblyopia: a clinical trial. Am J Optom Physiol Opt 1981; 58: 9308
Watson PG, Sanac AS, Pickering MS. A comparison of various methods of treatment of amblyopia. A block study. Trans Ophthalmol Soc UK 1985; 104: 31928
Simons K. Amblyopia Characterization,Treatment,and Prophlaxis.Survey of Ophthalmology 2005; 50: 123-169
Frank J, France TD. Penalization revisited, refractive penalization in the treatment of amblyopia. Am Orthop J 1982; 32: 905
Gernet V. Partialokklusion mit Polarisationsglasern. Ophthalmologica 1961; 141: 2208
Neumann E, Friedman Z, Abel-Peleg B. Prevention of strabismic amblyopia of early onset with special reference to the optimal age for screening. J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 1987; 24: 10610
Campos EC, Schiavi C, Benedetti P, et al. Effect of citicoline on visual acuity in amblyopia: preliminary results. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 1995; 233: 30712
Campos EC. Update on strabismus and amblyopia. Acta Ophthalmol Scand (Suppl 214) 1995; 1724: discussion 245
Gottlob I, Stangler-Zuschrott E. Effect of levodopa on contrast sensitivity and scotomas in human amblyopia. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1990; 31: 77680
Leguire LE, Rogers GL, Walson PD, et al. Occlusion and levodopa-carbidopa treatment for childhood amblyopia. J AAPOS 1998; 2: 25764
Leguire LE, Walson PD, Rogers GL, et al. Levodopa/carbidopa treatment for amblyopia in older children. J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 1995; 32: 14351
Leguire LE, Walson PD, Rogers GL, et al Longitudinal study of levodopa/carbidopa for childhood amblyopia. J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 1993; 30: 35460
Chua B, Mitchell P. Consequences of amblyopia on education, occupation, and long term vision loss. Br J Ophthalmol 2004; 88: 1119-21
Francois J, James M. Comparative study of amblyopic treatment. Am Orthopt J 1955; 5: 614
Pediatric Eye Disease Investigator Group. A randomized trial of atropine versus patch for treatment of moderate amblyopia in children: 2-year follow-up. Arch Ophthalmol (in press)
Repka MX, Ray JM. The efficacy of optical and pharmacological penalization. Ophthalmology 1993; 100: 76974: discussion 7745
Simons K, Gotzler KC, Vitale S. Penalization versus part-time occlusion and binocular outcome in treatment of strabismic amblyopia. Ophthalmology 1997; 104: 215660
Doran R, Yarde S, Starbuck A. Comparison of treatment methods in strabismic amblyopia, in Campos E (ed): Strabismus and Ocular Motility Disorders. London, Macmillan Pres 1990; pp 519
Frandsen A. Occurence of squint. A clinical-statistical study on the prevalence of squint and associated signs in different groups and ages of the Danish population. A c t a O p h t h a l m o l 1 9 6 0 ; 6 2 ( S u p p ) : 1 1 5 8
Gregersen E, Pontoppidan J, Rindziunski E. Penalization where conventional occlusion treatment fails, in Fells P (ed). The Second Congress of the International Strabismological Association. Marseille, Diffusion Generale 1979; pp749
Min BM, Kim SY, Ko KH, et al. A comparison of Mins glasses and conventional occlusion therapy in the treatment of amblyopic children: a prospective study. Korean J Ophthalmol 2000; 14: 327
Campos ELC, Bolzani R, Schiavi C, et al. Cytidin-5- diphosphocholine enhances the effect of part-time occlusion in amblyopia. Doc Ophthalmol 1997; 93: 24763
Iacobucci I, Archer SM, Furr BA, et al. Bangerter foils in the treatment of moderate amblyopia. Am Orthop J 2001; 51: 891
Simons K, Stein L, Sener EC, et al. Full-time atropine, intermittent atropine, and optical penalization and binocular outcome in treatment of strabismic amblyopia. Ophthalmology 1997; 104: 214355
Fawcett S, Leffler J, Birch EE. Factors influencing stereoacuity in accommodative esotropia. J AAPOS 2000; 4: 1520
Fawcett SL, Birch EE. Risk factors for abnormal binocular vision after successful alignment of accommodative esotropia. J AAPOS 2003; 7: 25662
Repka MX, Wentworth D. Predictors of prism response during prism adaptation. Prism Adaptation Study Research Group. J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 1991; 28: 2025
von Noorden G, et al. Letter. J Ped Ophthalmol Strab 1998; 35:6
Frank J, Kushner BJ, Mills MD, et al. Occlusion induced esotropia in siblings. Am Orthop J 1996; 46: 11822
Kaye SB, Chen SI, Price G, et al. Combined optical and atropine penalization for the treatment of strabismic and anisometropic amblyopia. J AAPOS 2002; 6: 28993
Foley-Nolan A, McCann A, OKeefe M. Atropine penalisation versus occlusion as the primary treatment for amblyopia. Br J Ophthalmol 1997; 81:547
Latvala ML, PaloheimoM, Karma A. Screening of amblyopic children and long-term follow-up. Acta Ophthalmol Scand 1996; 74: 48892
Bishop J. Treatment of amblyopia secondary to anisometropia. Br Orthopt J 1957; 14: 6874
Brown MH, Edelman PM. Conventional occlusion in the older amblyope. Am Orthopt J 1976; 26: 346
Hokoda SC, Ciuffreda KJ. Different rates and amounts of vision function recovery during orthoptic therapy in an older strabismic amblyope. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 1986; 6: 213-20
El Mallah M, Chakravarthy U, Hart PM. Amblyopia, is visual loss permanent. Br J Ophthalmol 2000; 84: 9526
Hamed L, Glaser JS, Schatz NJ, et al. Improvement of vision in the amblyopic eye following visual loss in the contralateral normal eye. A report of three cases. Binocul Vis Strabismus Q 1991; 6: 97100
Tierney DW. Vision recovery in amblyopia after contralateral subretinal hemorrhage. J Am Optom Assoc 1989; 60: 281-3
Pediatric Eye Disease Investigator Group. A randomized trial of treatment of amblyopia in children 7 to 18 years old. Arch Ophthalmol (in press)
Porciatti V, Schiavi C, Benedetti P, et al. Cytidine-5'- diphosphocholine improves visual acuity, contrast sensitivity and visually-evoked potentials of amblyopic subjects. Curr Eye Res 1998; 17: 1418
Sridharasundaram P. The efficacy of video biofeedback treatment in amblyopia. Ph.D. Thesis. Optometry and Ophthalmic Dispensing. Norwich, UK, Anglia Polytechnic University 2001, p 363
Li RW, Levi DM. Characterizing the mechanisms of improvement for position discrimination in adult amblyopia. J Vis 2004; 4: 47687
Barbeito R, Bedell HE, Flom MC, et al. Effects of luminance on the visual acuity of strabismic and anisometropic amblyopes and optically blurred normals. Vision Res 1987; 27: 1543-9
Caloroso E, Flom MC. Influence of luminance on visual acuity in amblyopia. Am J Optom Physiol Opt 1969; 46: 18995
Leonards U, Sireteanu R. Interocular suppression in normal and amblyopic subjects: the effect of unilateral attenuation with neutral density filters. Percept Psychophys 1993; 54: 6574
Atkinson J,Anker S,Bobier W,et al. Normal emmetropization in infants with spectacle correction hiperopia.Ýnvest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2000; 41: 3726- 31

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil

İngilizce

Konular

-

Bölüm

-

Yazarlar

Yusuf Özdemir Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi

30 Nisan 2009

Gönderilme Tarihi

30 Nisan 2009

Kabul Tarihi

-

Yayımlandığı Sayı

Yıl 2007 Cilt: 14 Sayı: 2

DOI

https://doi.org/10.17343/sdutfd.06937

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA92EP26XE

Kaynak Göster

RIS / Bibtex

APA

Özdemir, Y. (2009). Ambliyopide güncel yaklaşımlar. Medical Journal of Süleyman Demirel University, 14(2), 43-50. https://doi.org/10.17343/sdutfd.06937

AMA

1.Özdemir Y. Ambliyopide güncel yaklaşımlar. SDÜ Tıp Fak Derg. 2009;14(2):43-50. doi:10.17343/sdutfd.06937

Chicago

Özdemir, Yusuf. 2009. “Ambliyopide güncel yaklaşımlar”. Medical Journal of Süleyman Demirel University 14 (2): 43-50. https://doi.org/10.17343/sdutfd.06937.

EndNote

Özdemir Y (01 Nisan 2009) Ambliyopide güncel yaklaşımlar. Medical Journal of Süleyman Demirel University 14 2 43–50.

IEEE

[1]Y. Özdemir, “Ambliyopide güncel yaklaşımlar”, SDÜ Tıp Fak Derg, c. 14, sy 2, ss. 43–50, Nis. 2009, doi: 10.17343/sdutfd.06937.

ISNAD

Özdemir, Yusuf. “Ambliyopide güncel yaklaşımlar”. Medical Journal of Süleyman Demirel University 14/2 (01 Nisan 2009): 43-50. https://doi.org/10.17343/sdutfd.06937.

JAMA

1.Özdemir Y. Ambliyopide güncel yaklaşımlar. SDÜ Tıp Fak Derg. 2009;14:43–50.

MLA

Özdemir, Yusuf. “Ambliyopide güncel yaklaşımlar”. Medical Journal of Süleyman Demirel University, c. 14, sy 2, Nisan 2009, ss. 43-50, doi:10.17343/sdutfd.06937.

Vancouver

1.Yusuf Özdemir. Ambliyopide güncel yaklaşımlar. SDÜ Tıp Fak Derg. 01 Nisan 2009;14(2):43-50. doi:10.17343/sdutfd.06937