Tıp Fakültesi Son Sınıf Öğrencilerinin Kariyer Tercihleri ve Bu Tercihleri Etkileyen Faktörler

Year 2020, , 67 - 78, 01.03.2020

Funda İfakat Tengiz , Asya Banu Babaoğlu

https://doi.org/10.17343/sdutfd.560350

Cited By: 8

Abstract

Kariyer,
genel anlamıyla seçilen bir iş hattında ilerlemek ve bunun sonucunda sorumluluk
üstlenmek, statü kazanmak ve saygınlık elde etmek anlamını taşımaktadır. Bir
kişinin iş yaşantısındaki aktivite, sorumluluk, tutum ve davranışlarının
gelişimidir. Tıp fakültesi öğrencilerini mezuniyet sonrası temel, dâhili ve
cerrahi bilimler alanlarında farklı düzey ve statüde kariyer olanakları
beklemektedir. Bu çalışmada Tıp Fakültesi son sınıf öğrencilerinin kariyer
tercihlerinin ne olduğu ve bu tercihlerini etkileyen faktörlerin belirlenmesi
amaçlanmaktadır.

Çalışmada karma araştırma yöntemi ve
tamamlayıcılık deseni kullanılmıştır. Nicel ve nitel veriler eş zamanlı
toplanmış ve bir yöntemden elde edilen bulguların detaylandırılması, sunulması,
artırılması ve açıklığa kavuşturulmasında diğer yöntemin sonuçları
kullanılmıştır. Veri toplama aracı olarak odak grup görüşmeleri ve kariyer
tercih anketi kullanılmıştır. Yapılan odak grup görüşmeleri içerik çözümlemesi
ile analiz edilmiştir. Transkriptleri çıkarıldıktan sonra kodlanıp, kategorize
edilmiştir. Veri analizinde tanımlayıcı istatistikler ve Fisher’s Exact Test
kullanılmıştır.

Çalışmaya katılanların %60.9’u (n=28)
kadın,  genel yaş ortalaması 24.4 (±1.9)
idi. Öğrencilerin %66.7’si (n=30) mezuniyet sonrasında dâhili, %28.9’u (n=13)
cerrahi tıp bilimleri, %4.4’ü (n=2) temel bilimleri seçmeyi planlıyordu. Hiçbir
öğrenci meslek hayatına pratisyen hekim olarak devam etmek istemiyordu. Öğrencilerin
%84.8’i mezuniyet sonrasında “kamu hastanelerinde” çalışmak istediklerini ifade
etti. “Yaşam tarzı esnekliği” ve “Kabul edilebilir çalışma
saatleri” kariyer tercihini en çok etkilediği ifade edilen faktörlerdendi. Kariyer
tercihini en az etkilediği tespit edilen faktörler ise “aile isteği” ve  “sürekli mesleki gelişim için zaman ve para
harcama zorunluluğu” ile “toplum tarafından
algılanan statü” idi. Odak grup görüşmelerinden “ilgi,
yetenek, para, saygınlık statü, kabul edilebilir ve yönetilebilir çalışma
koşulları, dar ve odaklanmış ve genel uygulama alanı, TUS’dan alınan puan,
mesleki tatmin, hastalar ve hasta yakınları ile ilişkiler, etik ilişkiler, yurtdışı
olanaklar ve kariyer danışmanlığı” etkileyen faktörler
olarak belirlenmiştir.

Öğrencilerin
kariyer planlamalarını yetenek ve ilgi alanlarına göre yapabilmelerini
desteklemek ve sağlık alanında dengeli bir hizmet dağılımı sağlamak için,
çalışma koşullarının düzenlenmesi yanında, mezuniyet öncesi eğitimde olumlu rol
modellerinin varlığı ve kariyer danışmanlığı önem kazanmaktadır. 

Keywords

Tıp Eğitimi, Kariyer, kariyer tercihi

Career Preferences of Senior Students in Faculty of Medicine and Factors Affecting These Preferences

Abstract

A career, in general, is to show progress in a
profession and, taking responsibility, gaining status and dignity. It is the
development of activity, responsibility, attitude and behaviour of a person in
professional life. Career opportunities at different levels in fundamental,
internal and surgical sciences are awaiting Medical students after graduation.
In this study, we aim to determine the career preferences of the last year
students in the Faculty of Medicine and to determine the factors that affect these
preferences.

Mixed research method and complementarity pattern were
used in the study. Quantitative and qualitative data were collected
simultaneously and the results of the other method were used to elaborate,
present, increase and clarify the findings obtained from the other method.
Focus group interviews and career preference questionnaire were used as data
collection tools. The focus group interviews were analysed with content
analysis. Interview transcripts were coded and categorised afterwards. Descriptive
statistics and Fisher’s Exact Test were used in data analysis.

0f the participants, 60.9% (n = 28) were female and
the mean age was 24.4 (± 1.9). Of the students, 66.7% (n = 30) planned to study
in internal medicine after graduation, 28.9% (n = 13) in surgical medicine
sciences, and 4.4% (n = 2) in fundamental science. None of the students wanted
to continue their career as a general practitioner. Eighty-four per cent of the
students stated that they want to work in public hospitals after graduation.
“Lifestyle flexibility” and “acceptable working hours” were the factors that
affected the career preference most. The factors that had the least impact on
career choice were “family influence”, “necessity to spend time and money for
continuous professional development” and “community perceived status”.
Interest, ability, money, dignity, status, acceptable and manageable working
conditions, narrow and focused and general area of application, score from
medical specialty exam (TUS), professional satisfaction, relationships with
patients and their relatives, ethical relations, international opportunities
and career counselling, were determined as factors from focus group interviews,
affecting career choice.

In order to support students' ability to make career
planning according to their abilities and interests, and to ensure a balanced
service distribution in the health field, besides the regulation of working
conditions, the presence of positive role models and career counselling are
gaining importance.

Keywords

Medical education, Career, career choice

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