Insecticidal Activity of Medicinal Plant, Schinus molle (Anacardiaceae) on Tribolium confusum (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)

Öz

The insecticidal and repellent properties of essential oil and powder forms of Schinus molle were evaluated on Tribolium confusum in laboratory conditions. As a result of the studies, it was revealed that the average lifespan of T. confusum was 30±2 days. Egg incubation period was 10 days while the fecundity was 78 eggs/female. Sex ratio was observed as 1.06 female/male. In vitro insecticidal tests showed that the essential oil of S. molle was more effective with a mortality rate of 100% in 24 hours. The adults (males and females) of T. confusum survived for less than 24 hours in powder of S. molle. The repellence test of the essential oil provided variable levels of protection ranging from 78% to 100%.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Essential oil
• life cycle
• mortality
• powder
• repellence
• stored food

Tıbbi Aromatik Bitki, Schinus molle (Anacardiaceae)’nin Tribolium confusum (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) Üzerindeki Böcek Öldürücü Etkisi

Öz

Schinus molle’nin uçucu yağ ve toz formlarının böcek öldürücü ve kaçırıcı özellikleri Tribolium confusum üzerinde laboratuvar koşullarında denenmiştir. Çalışmalar sonucunda, T. confusum’un yaşam süresinin 30±2 gün sürdüğü saptanmıştır. Doğurganlık oranı dişi başına 78 yumurta olurken, yumurta açılma süresi 10 gün olarak belirlenmiştir. Eşey oranı 1.06 dişi/erkek olmuştur. Laboratuvar çalışmalarında S. mole uçucu yağının zararlı üzerindeki ölüm oranı 24 saat içinde %100’e ulaşmıştır. S. mole’nin toz olarak uygulandığı denemelerde T. confusum’un ergin erkek ve dişileri 24 saatten daha kısa süre yaşayabilmiştir. Uçucu yağın uzaklaştırıcı etkisi %78 ile %100 arasında değişmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Uçucu yağ
• biyoloji
• ölüm oranı
• toz
• uzaklaştırıcı etki
• depolanmış ürünler

Kaynakça

1. Abbassi, K., Mergaoui, L., Atay-Kadiri, Z., Ghaout, S., & Stambouli, A. (2005). Activités biologiques des feuilles de Peganumharmala (Zygophyllacea) en floraisonsur la mortalité et l’activité génésique chez le criquet pèlerin. Zoologyca Baetica, 16, 31-46.
2. Abbot W.S. (1925). A method of computing the effectiveness of an insecticide. Journal Economic Entomology, 18, 265–267.
3. Abdel-Sattar, E., Zaitoun, A., Farag, M., El-Gayed, S., & Harraz, F. (2009). Chemical composition, insecticidal and insect repellent activity of Schinusmolle L. Leaf and fruit essential oils against Trogoderma granarium and Tribolium castaneum. Journal of Natural Medicines, 25, 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11418-008-0305-5
4. Asma, A., Shojaaddini, M., Tajabadipour, A., & Fatemeh, S. (2018). Composition of Pistacia khinjuk (Anacardiaceae) leaf essential oil and its insecticidal activity on common Pistachio psyllid, Agonoscena pistaciae (Hem. Psylloidea). Journal of Essential Oil Bearing Plants, 21(3), 796-802. https://doi.org/10.1080/0972060X.2018. 1498397
5. Bayramoğlu, E. E., Gülümser, G., & Karaboz, I. (2008). The investigation of antibacterial activities of some essential oils in wet blue leather. International Journal of Natural and Engineering Science, 2(1), 33-36.
6. Bekele, J., & Hassanali, A. (2001). Blend effects in the toxicity of the essential oil constituents of Ocimum kilimandscharicum and Ocimum kenyense (Labiateae) on two post- harvest insect pests. Phytochemistry, 57, 385-391.
7. Benzi, V., Stefanazzi, N., & Ferrero, A. A. (2009). Biological activity of essential oils from leaves and fruits of pepper tree (Schinus mole L.) to control rice weevil (Sitophilus oryzae L.), Chilean Journal of Agricultural Research, 69(2), 154-159.
8. Camara, A. (2009). Lutte contre Sitophilus orizea L. (Coléoptères curculionidae) et Tribolium castaneum Herbst (Coléoptère Ténébrionidae) dans les stocks de riz par la technique d’élevage traditionnellepratiquée en Basse Guinée et utilisation des huiles essentielles végétales. Thèse d’obtention du titre de Docteur en Science de l’environnement, Université du Québec à Montréal. 173p.

9. Chopa, C. S., Alzogaray, R. A., & Ferrero, A. A. (2006). Repellency Assays with Schinus mole var. areira (L.) (Anacardiaceae) essential oils against Blattella germanica L. (Blattodea: Blattellidae). BioAssay, 1(6), 1-3.
10. Clevenger, J. F. (1928). Apparatus for the determination of volatile oil, Journal of the American Pharmacists Association, 17, 341-346.
11. Dawson, P. S. (1964). Age at sexual maturity in female flour beetles Tribolium castaneum and T. confusum. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 57, 1-3.
12. Delobel, A., & Tran, M. (1993). Les Coléoptères des denrées alimentaires entreposées dans les régions chaudes. OSTROM/CTA, Faune tropicale XXXII. 439p.
13. Descamps, L. R., Stefanazzi, N., Sánchez, C., & Ferrero, A. A. (2008). Actividad biológica de extractos vegetales de Schinus molle var. areira (Anacardiaceae) en Tribolium castaneum Herbst. (Insecta, Coleoptera, Tenebrionidae), plaga de granoalmacenado. Boletín Sanidad Vegetal, 34, 595-605.
14. Deveci, O., Sukan, A., Tüzün, N., & Kocabaş, E. E. H. (2010). Chemical composition, repellent and antimicrobial activity of Schinus molle L. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 4(21), 2211-2216. https://doi.org/10.5897/JMPR10.326
15. Diome, T., Thiaw, C., Ndong, A., Sarr, M., Kane, M., & Sembène, M. (2012). Haplotype diversity of Tribolium castaneum H. (Coleoptera, Tenebrionidae) pest of stored millet in Senegal. Journal of Cell and Animal Biology, 6(13), 192-199. https://doi.org/10.5897/JCAB12.037
16. Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), (2006). Food Security, Policy brief (2). Access address: www.fao.org
17. Ferrero, A. A., Chopa, C. S., Gonzalez, J. O. W., & Alzogaray, R. A. (2007). Repellence and toxicity of Schinus mole extracts on Blattella germanica. Fitoterapia, 78(4), 311-314. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fitote.2006.11.021
18. Goodnight, C. J., & Craig, D. M. (1996). The effect of coexistence on competitive outcome in Tribolium castaneum and Tribolium confusum. Evolution, 50(3), 1241-1250. https://doi.org/ 10.1111/j.1558-5646.tb02364.x.
19. Guèye, M. T., Seck, D., Wathelet, J. P. & Lognay, G. (2001). Lutte contre le Ravageurs des stocks de céréales et de légumineux au Sénégal et en Afrique occidentales: synthèse 7 bibliographique. Biotechnologie, Agronomie, Societe et Environnement, 15(1), 183-1944.
20. Holdaway, F. G., (1932). An experimental study of the growth of populations of the "flour beetle" tribolium confusum duval, as affected by atmospheric moisture. Ecological Monographs, 2(3), 261-304.
21. Howe, R. W. (1956). The effect of temperature and humidity on the rate of development and mortality of Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Coleoptera, Tenebrionidae). Annals of Applied Biology, 44(2), 356–368. https://doi.org/ 10.1111/j.1744-7348.1956.tb02128.x
22. Descamps, L. R., Chopa, C. S., & Ferrero, A. A. (2011). Activity of Schinus areira (Anacardiaceae) Essential Oils against the Grain Storage Pest Tribolium castaneum. Naturel Product Communications, 6(6), 887-891. https://doi.org/10.1177/1934578X1100600632
23. Mason, L. J. (2018). Red and Confused flour beetles Tribolium castaneum (Bhst.) and Tribolium confusum Duval. Extension Entomology, Stored product pests. E-224-W. Access address: www.extension.purdue.edu.
24. McDonald, L. L., Guy, R. H., & Speirs, R. D. (1970). Preliminary evaluation of new candidate mate rials as toxicants, repellents and attractants against stored product insects. Marketing Res. Rep n° 882. Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Washington.
25. Padin, E. V., Pose, G. N., Pollio, & M. L. (2007). Antibacterial activity of Oleoresin from Aguaribay (Schinus molleL.). Journal Food Technology, 5(1), 5-8.
26. Righi, K., Righi, R., Boubkeur, A., & Boungab, K. (2018). Toxicity and repellency of three Algerian medicinal plants against pests of stored product: Ryzoperthadominica (Fabricius) (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae). Banat’s Journal of Biotechnology, 9(17), 50-59. https://doi.org/ 10.7904/2068–4738–IX(17)–50.
27. Ruffinengo, S., Eguaras, M., Floris, I., Faverin, C., Bailac, P., & Ponzi, M. (2005). LD50 and repellent effects of essential oils from Argentinean wild plant species on Varroa destructor. Journal of Economic Entomology, 98, 651-655.
28. Steinbauer, M. J. (1995). The insecticidal and repellent activity of Schinus molle L. (Anacardiaceae) against Drosophila melanogaster Meigen (Diptera:Drosophilidae) and Tribolium confusum Jacquelin du Val (Coleoptera:Tenebrionidae). General and Applied Entomology, 26, 13-18.
29. Stefanazzi, N., Gutiérrez, M. M., Stadler, T., Bonini, N. A. & Ferrero, A. A. (2006). Actividad biológica del aceite esencial de Tagetes terniflora Kunth (Asteraceae) en Tribolium castaneum Herbst (Insecta, Coleoptera, Tenebrionidae). Boletein de Sanidad Vegetal – Plagas Acronimo, 32, 439-447.
30. Wimalaratne, P. D. C., Slessor, K. N., Borden, J. H., Chong, L. J., & Abate, T. (1996). Isolation and identification of house fly,Musca domestica L., repellents from pepper tree, Schinus molle L. Journal of Chemical Ecology, 22, 49–59. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02040199
31. Young, A. M. (1970). Predation and abundance in populations of flour beetles. Ecology, 51, 602-619. https://doi.org/10.2307/1934040