Determination of the Effects of Molybdenum and Arsenic on Yield and Toxicity of Wheat Plant in Field Conditions

Abstract

The development of industry and anthropogenic effects affect the increase in environmental pollution caused by heavy metals. In this study, it was aimed to determine the restrictive effect of Molybdenum (Mo) and Arsenic (As) heavy metals, which are potentially toxic in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) on wheat yield, and to determine the toxicity signs of potentially toxic heavy metal in wheat plant. Three repetitive studies were organized in the wheat-chickpea alternation system according to the randomized blocks trial design at different application doses (0, 10, 20, 40 mg kg-1) of Mo and As element in calcareous soils under field conditions. In the results of working; In 3 years, Mo and As applications in wheat plant decreased yields of 27.43%, 16.17% and 6.85% and 30.2%, 49.50% and 18.18%, respectively. The decrease in wheat yields as a result of Mo application was statistically significant in the first and second wheat planting years (F=13.9**, P<0.01) (F=16.2**, P<0.01). The decrease in wheat yields as a result of the application of As was statistically significant (F= 5.33*, P<0.05) (F=1 5.05**, P<0.01) (F=5.36*, P<0.05) in all three years. 14 kg da-1 and 13.7 mg kg-1 level of Mo and As applied to the soil provided 10% reduction in maximum yield. Signs of Mo toxicity; The weak and small unhealthy plant was observed as yellow-orange yellowing starting at the leaf tips and drying at high doses. As signs of toxicity; It appeared as a shortening of plant heights and a decrease in plant density in the plot.

Keywords

• Heavy metal
• arsenic
• wheat
• molybdenum
• toxicity

Molibden ve Arseniğin Tarla Koşullarında Buğday Bitkisinin Verimine ve Toksikliğine Etkilerinin Belirlenmesi

Öz

Endüstrinin gelişmesi ve antropojenik etkiler ağır metal kaynaklı çevre kirliliğinin artmasına etki etmektedir. Çalışmada buğday (Triticum aestivum L.) bitkisinde potansiyel toksik olan Molibden (Mo) ve Arsenik (As) ağır metallerinin buğday verimine kısıtlayıcı etkisinin, buğday bitkisindeki potansiyel toksik ağır metalin toksiklik belirtilerinin belirlenmesi hedeflendi. Tarla şartlarında kireçli topraklarda Mo ve As elementinin farklı uygulama dozlarında (0, 10, 20, 40 mg kg-1) buğday-nohut münavebe sisteminde, tesadüf blokları deneme desenine göre 3 tekrarlı çalışma organize edildi. Çalışma sonucunda; 3 yılda buğday bitkisinde Mo ve As uygulamaları sırasıyla %27.43, %16.17 ve %6.85’lik ve %30.2, % 49.50 ve %18.18 verim düşüşü meydana geldi. Mo uygulaması sonucu buğday verimlerinde meydana gelen azalma birinci ve ikinci buğday ekim yıllarında istatistiksel anlamda önemli oldu (F=13.9**, P<0.01) (F=16.2**, P<0.01). As uygulaması sonucu buğday verimlerinde meydana gelen azalma istatistiki anlamda her üç yılda da önemli (F= 5.33*, P<0.05) (F=15.05**, P<0.01) (F=5.36*, P<0.05) bulundu. Maksimum verimde %10’luk azalmayı toprağa uygulanan Mo ve As’in 14 kg da-1 ve 13.7 mg kg-1 düzeyi sağladı. Mo toksiklik belirtileri; cılız ve küçük sağlıksız bitki, yaprak uçlarında başlayan sarı-turuncu sararmalar, yüksek dozda kurumalar olarak gözlendi. As toksiklik belirtileri; bitki boylarının kısalması ve parsel içerisinde bitki yoğunluğunun azalması olarak ortaya çıktı.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Ağır metal
• arsenik
• buğday
• molibden
• toksiklik

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