WING VEIN CHARACTERISTICS OF DIFFERENT CASTE GROUPS PRODUCED IN BUMBLEBEE (Bombus terrestris) COLONIES

Yıl 2024, , 31 - 37, 28.06.2024

İsmail Yaşhan Buluş , Fahriye Gül Salman , Ayhan Gösterit

https://doi.org/10.54975/isubuzfd.1464329

Öz

Some species of bumblebees can be discriminated from each other based on distinct morphological features, while for some species, morphological characteristics are not sufficient for identification. The use of wing vein characteristics is one of the important methods used in the identification of bee species or subspecies. In Bombus terrestris colonies, individuals belonging to four different caste groups are grown throughout the life cycle, namely (i) worker bees, (ii) young queen bees, (iii) male bees produced from haploid eggs laid by the founding queen, and (iv) male bees produced from haploid eggs laid by worker bees. In this study, wing vein characteristics of individuals belonging to these 4 different caste groups produced in B. terrestris colonies were examined, and values for these characteristics were determined. For this purpose, 160 individuals (40 for each caste group) were used in the study. The difference between the groups for each characteristic determined in the study was found statistically significant (P<0.05). The results of the study are of a nature to contribute to future research on wing characteristics of bumblebees.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Bombus terrestris, Morphological characteristics, Wing venation, Caste groups, bumblebee

Bombus Arısı (Bombus terrestris) Kolonilerinde Üretilen Farklı Kast Gruplarının Kanat Damar Özellikleri

Öz

Bombus arılarında bazı türler belirgin morfolojik özellikleri sayesinde birbirinden ayrılabilirken, bazı türlerin tanımlanmasında morfolojik özellikler yeterli değildir. Kanat damar özelliklerinin kullanılması arı tür veya alt türlerinin tanımlamasında kullanılan önemli yöntemlerden birisidir. Bombus terrestris kolonilerinde yaşam döngüsü boyunca (i) işçi arılar, (ii) genç ana arılar, (iii) kurucu ana arı tarafından yumurtlanan haploid yumurtalardan üretilen erkek arılar ve (iv) işçi arılar tarafından yumurtlanan haploid yumurtalardan üretilen erkek arılar olmak üzere 4 farklı kast grubuna ait bireyler yetiştirilmektedir. Bu çalışmada B. terrestris kolonilerinde üretilen bu 4 farklı kast grubuna ait bireylerin kanat damar özellikleri incelenerek bu özelliklere ait değerler belirlenmiştir. Bu kapsamda araştırmada 160 adet (her bir kast grubu için 40 adet) birey kullanılmıştır. Çalışma kapsamında belirlenen her bir özellik için gruplar arasında görülen fark istatistiki olarak önemli bulunmuştur (P<0.05). Çalışma sonuçları bombus arılarının kanat özellikleri ile ilgili gelecekte yapılacak çalışmalara kaynak oluşturacak niteliktedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

bombus arısı, Bombus terrestris, kanat morfometrisi, morfolojik özellikler, kast grupları

Etik Beyan

Bu çalışmanın yazarları olarak herhangi bir etik kurul onay bilgileri beyanımız bulunmadığını bildiririz.

Destekleyen Kurum

TÜBİTAK 2209-A

Teşekkür

Bu çalışma Türkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Araştırma Kurumu (TÜBİTAK) tarafından 2209-A kapsamında desteklenmiştir.

Kaynakça

• Alaux, C., Savarit, F., Jaisson, P., & Hefetz, A. (2004). Does the queen win it all? Queen–worker conflict over male production in the bumblebee, Bombus terrestris. Naturwissenschaften, 91, 400-403.
• Arbetman, M. P., Gleiser, G., Morales, C. L., Williams, P., & Aizen, M. A. (2017). Global decline of bumblebees is phylogenetically structured and inversely related to species range size and pathogen incidence. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 284(1859), 20170204. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2017.0204.
• Bosch, J., Kemp, W. P., & Peterson, S. S. (2000). Management of Osmia lignaria (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae) populations for almond pollination: methods to advance bee emergence. Environmental Entomology, 29(5), 874-883. https://doi.org/10.1603/0046-225X-29.5.874.
• Bouga, M., & Hatjina, F. (2005). Genetic variability in Greek honey bee (A. mellifera L.) populations using geometric morphometrics analysis. In Proceedings of The Balkan Scientific Conference of Biology, May 19-21, 2005, Plovdiv, Bulgaria. 19-21.
• Cameron, S. A., & Sadd, B. M. (2020). Global trends in bumble bee health. Annual Review of Entomology, 65, 209-232. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-ento-011118-111847.
• Cnaani, J., Robinson, G. E., Bloch, G., Borst, D., & Hefetz, A. (2000). The effect of queen-worker conflict on caste determination in the bumblebee Bombus terrestris. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 47, 346-352. https://doi.org/10.1007/s002650050675.
• Corbet, S. A., Fussell, M., Ake, R., Fraser, A., Gunson, C., Savage, A., & Smith, K. (1993). Temperature and the pollinating activity of social bees. Ecological Entomology, 18(1), 17-30. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2311.1993.tb01075.x.
• Çakmak, İ., Özkan, A., Çakmak, S. S., & Kandemir, İ. (2011). A preliminary study on discrimination of different isfestation levels of parasite (Varroa destructor) by wing geometric morphometric analysis on honey bees. Uludağ Bee Journal, 11(4), 118-123.
• Davies, O. K., Groom, S. V., Ngo, H. T., Stevens, M. I., & Schwarz, M. P. (2013). Diversity and origins of Fijian leaf-cutter bees (Megachilidae). Pacific Science, 67(4), 561-570. https://doi.org/10.2984/67.4.7.
• Dehon, M., Engel, M. S., Gérard, M., Aytekin, A. M., Ghisbain, G., Williams, P. H., Rasmont, P., & Michez, D. (2019). Morphometric analysis of fossil bumble bees (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Bombini) reveals their taxonomic affinities. ZooKeys, 891, 71. https://doi.org/10.3897%2Fzookeys.891.36027.
• Dornhaus, A., & Cameron, S. (2003). A scientific note on food alert in Bombus transversalis. Apidologie, 34(1), 87-88. https://doi.org/10.1051/apido:2002045.
• Es’ kov, E. K., & Es’ kova, M. D. (2013). Factors influencing wing size and body weight variation in the western honeybee. Russian Journal of Ecology, 44(5), 433-438. https://doi.org/10.1134/S1067413613050056.
• Francoy, T. M., Prado, P. R. R., Gonçalves, L. S., da Fontoura Costa, L., & De Jong, D. (2006). Morphometric differences in a single wing cell can discriminate Apis mellifera racial types. Apidologie, 37(1), 91-97. https://doi.org/10.1051/apido:2005062.
• Francoy, T. M., Silva, R. A. O., Nunes-Silva, P., Menezes, C., & Imperatriz-Fonseca, V. L. (2009). Gender identification of five genera of stingless bees (Apidae, Meliponini) based on wing morphology. Genetics and Molecular Research, 8(1), 207-214. https://doi.org/10.4238/vol8-1gmr557.
• Goulson, D. (2003). Effects of introduced bees on native ecosystems. Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics, 34(1), 1-26. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.34.011802.132355.
• Gösterit, A. (2012). Örtüaltı yetiştiricilikte bombus arısı kullanımı ve Türkiye’deki durum. Standard Ekonomik ve Teknik Dergi, 601, 108–112.
• Gösterit, A., Koşkan, O., & Gürel, F. (2016). The relationship of weight and ovarian development in Bombus terrestris L. workers under different social conditions. Journal of Apicultural Science, 60(2), 51-58. https://doi.org/10.1515/jas-2016-0016.
• Gösterit, A., & Buluş, İ. Y. (2019). Ana arı ve işçi arıların haploid yumurtalarından üretilen erkek arılar ile çiftleşen bombus terrestris ana arılarının koloni gelişim özellikleri. Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 14(1), 104-111.
• Güler, A. (1999). The study on morphological and physiological characters affecting the productivity of some honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) genotypes of Turkey. Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, 23(8), 393-400.
• Güler, A., Bıyık, S., & Güler, M. (2013). Morphological characterization of the honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) population of the western Black Sea Region. Anadolu Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi, 28(1), 39-46. https://doi.org/10.7161/anajas.2013.281.39
• Gür, D., Soysal, M. İ., & Kekeçoğlu, M. (2018). Trakya ve Yığılca bal arılarının morfometrik yöntemlerle karşılaştırılması. Tekirdağ Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 15(2), 14-25. Gürel, F., Gösterit, A., & Eren, Ö. (2008). Life-cycle and foraging patterns of native Bombus terrestris (L.) (Hymenoptera, Apidae) in the Mediterranean region. Insectes Sociaux, 55, 123-128. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00040-008-0984-7.
• Gürel, F., Gösterit, A., & Karsli, B. A. (2011). Sera koşullarının Bombus terrestris L. kolonilerinin tozlaşma performansına etkileri. Derim, 28(1), 47-55.
• Gürel, F., & Karslı, B. (2013). Techniques to increase queen production in Bombus terrestris L. colonies. Kafkas Universitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 19(2), 351-353.
• Hines, H. M. (2008). Historical biogeography, divergence times, and diversification patterns of bumble bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Bombus). Systematic Biology, 57(1), 58-75. https://doi.org/10.1080/10635150801898912.
• Kekeçoğlu, M., Bouga, M., Soysal, M. İ., & Harizanis, P. (2007). Morphometrics as a tool for the study of genetic variability of honey bees. Tekirdağ Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 4(1), 7-15.
• Kozmus, P., Virant-Doberlet, M., Meglič, V., & Dovč, P. (2011). Identification of Bombus species based on wing venation structure. Apidologie, 42, 472-480. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13592-011-0037-5.
• Leadbeater, E., & Chittka, L. (2009). Bumble-bees learn the value of social cues through experience. Biology Letters, 5(3), 310-312. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2008.0692.
• Mendes, M. F. M., Francoy, T. M., Nunes-Silva, P., Menezes, C., & Imperatriz-Fonseca, V. L. (2007). Intra-populational variability of Nannotrigona testaceicornis Lepeletier, 1836 (Hymenoptera, Meliponini) using relative warp analysis. Bioscience Journal, 23, 147-152.
• Molet, M., Chittka, L., & Raine, N. E. (2009). How floral odours are learned inside the bumblebee (Bombus terrestris) nest. Naturwissenschaften, 96, 213-219. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00114-008-0465-x.
• Oleksa, A., & Tofilski, A. (2015). Wing geometric morphometrics and microsatellite analysis provide similar discrimination of honey bee subspecies. Apidologie, 46, 49-60. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13592-014-0300-7.
• Rattanawannee, A., Chanchao, C., & Wongsiri, S. (2010). Gender and species identification of four native honey bees (Apidae: Apis) in Thailand based on wing morphometic analysis. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 103(6), 965-970. https://doi.org/10.1603/AN10070.
• Ruttner F. (1988). Biogeography and Taxonomy of Honeybees (1st Ed.), Berlin: Springer Verlag.
• Schachat, S. R., & Gibbs, G. W. (2016). Variable wing venation in Agathiphaga (Lepidoptera: Agathiphagidae) is key to understanding the evolution of basal moths. Royal Society Open Science, 3(10), 160453. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0139972.
• Tofilski, A. (2008). Using geometric morphometrics and standard morphometry to discriminate three honeybee subspecies. Apidologie, 39(5), 558-563. https://doi.org/10.1051/apido:2008037.
• Tofilski, A. (2011). Homology of submarginal crossveins in forewings of bees (Hymenoptera: Apiformes). Journal of Apicultural Science, 55(2), 131-140.
• Türk, M., Gösterit, A., Alagöz, M., & Buluş, İ. Y. 2018. Korunga Tohum Üretiminde Bal arıların Rolü. 6. Uluslararası Muğla Arıcılık ve Çam Balı Kongresi, 15-19 Ekim, Muğla, 698.
• Villemant, C., Simbolotti, G., & Kenis, M. (2007). Discrimination of Eubazus (Hymenoptera, Braconidae) sibling species using geometric morphometrics analysis of wing venation. Systematic Entomology, 32(4), 625-634. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3113.2007.00389.x.
• Willmer, P. G., Bataw, A. A. M., & Hughes, J. P. (1994). The superiority of bumblebees to honeybees as pollinators: insect visits to raspberry flowers. Ecological Entomology, 19(3), 271-284.