Serin İklim Tahıllarında Karbon Ayak İzini Azaltmada Mikrobiyom, Nanoteknoloji ve İHA Yaklaşımları

Öz

Serin iklim tahıllarının, küresel gıda güvenliği açısından stratejik öneme sahip olduğu ve aynı zamanda tarımsal sera gazı emisyonlarının başlıca kaynakları arasında yer aldığı bilinmektedir. Bu bağlamda karbon ayak izinin azaltılmasına yönelik yenilikçi ve bütüncül yaklaşımlara ihtiyaç duyulmuştur. Mikrobiyom temelli uygulamaların, özellikle rizosfer mikrobiyotasının nitrojen döngüsündeki işlevleri üzerinden azot kullanımı etkinliğini artırarak N₂O emisyonlarını sınırlama potansiyeli bulunmaktadır. Nanoteknoloji tabanlı gübre ve biyostimülantlar ise kontrollü salım mekanizmaları sayesinde besin kullanım verimliliğini yükseltmekte, girdi kaynaklı karbon yükünü azaltmaktadır. Öte yandan, insansız hava araçları (İHA) tarımda hassas izleme, stres teşhisi ve değişken doz uygulamalarıyla emisyonların doğrudan takibini ve yönetimini kolaylaştırdığı bilinmektedir. Bu doğrultuda araştırmamızda, söz konusu üç yaklaşımı disiplinler arası bir çerçevede birleştirerek mevcut mekanizmaları, ölçüm yöntemlerini ve politika boyutları ele alınmış, serin iklim tahıllarında sürdürülebilir üretim için bilimsel bir yol haritası ortaya konulmuş ve gelecek araştırmalar için entegratif bir perspektif sunulmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• İHA
• karbon
• mikrobiyom
• nanoteknoloji
• tahıl

Microbiome, Nanotechnology, and UAV Approaches for Reducing the Carbon Footprint in Cool-Season Cereals

Öz

Cool-season cereals hold strategic importance for global food security while simultaneously being among the primary sources of agricultural greenhouse gas emissions. In this context, innovative and holistic strategies are required to mitigate their carbon footprint. Microbiome-based applications, particularly the functions of rhizosphere microbiota in the nitrogen cycle, have the potential to enhance nitrogen use efficiency and limit N₂O emissions. Nanotechnology-driven fertilizers and biostimulants, through controlled release mechanisms, can improve nutrient use efficiency while reducing input-related carbon loads. Meanwhile, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are increasingly recognized as valuable tools in precision agriculture, enabling targeted monitoring, stress detection, and variable-rate applications, thereby facilitating direct tracking and management of emissions. Building on this background, the present study integrates these three approaches within an interdisciplinary framework, addressing underlying mechanisms, measurement methodologies, and policy dimensions. A scientific roadmap is proposed to promote sustainable production of cool-season cereals, offering an integrative perspective for future research.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• carbon
• cereals
• microbiome
• nanotechnology
• UAVs

Kaynakça

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