Süt Hayvancılığında Çiğ Süt Üretiminin Su Ayak İzi

Öz

Su ayak izi, bir ürün veya hizmetin yalnızca doğrudan su tüketimini değil, dolaylı tüketimini ve kullanılan su kaynağının türünü tanımlar. Su ayak izi mavi, yeşil ve gri su ayak izi olmak üzere üç bileşenden oluşur. Mavi su, bir ürünün üretiminde kullanılan yeraltı suyu veya yüzey suyu hacmi olarak tanımlanır. Yeşil su ayak izi, kullanılan yağmur suyu hacmiyken, gri su ayak izi kirlenmiş su kaynaklarının hacmidir. Su kaynaklarının kullanımı üç sektöre ayrılır: tarım, sanayi ve evsel kullanım. Türkiye'de tarım sektörü toplam su tüketiminin yaklaşık %74'ünü oluşturmaktadır. Küresel tarımsal su ayak izinin üçte birinin hayvansal üretiminden kaynaklandığı tahmin edilmektedir. Bu çalışmada, Ankara Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Haymana Araştırma ve Uygulama Çiftliğinde bir litre süt üretimi için harcanan su miktarı hesaplanmıştır. İşletmede bulunan hayvanların beslenmesi için ihtiyaç duyulan kaba ve kesif yem hammaddeleri kendi bünyelerinde üretilmekte olup, buğday, mısır (dane ve silajlık), arpa, yonca ve ayçiçeğinin mavi ve yeşil su ayak izleri hesaplanmıştır. Barınakta ve yardımcı tesislerde (sağım) temizlik için kullanılan su miktarı, hayvanların içtiği su miktarı ve bir süt sığırının günde ortalama 36 kg olarak belirlenen yem ihtiyacına karşılık gelen su ayak izi değerleri hesaplanmış olup günde 1 litre süt üretimi için harcanan su miktarı 1112,3 litre olarak bulunmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• ahır
• çiğ süt
• hayvancılık
• su ayak izi

The Water Footprint of Raw Milk Production on A Dairy Farm

Öz

The water footprint is defined as the total volume of water consumed in the production of a product or service, including both direct and indirect consumption. The water footprint is comprised of three distinct components: blue, green, and grey water footprints. Blue water is defined as the volume of groundwater or surface water utilised in the production of a given product. The green water footprint is defined as the volume of rainwater utilised, while the grey water footprint is the volume of polluted water sources. It is estimated that one-third of the global agricultural water footprint is attributable to animal production. In this study, the quantity of water utilised in the production of one litre of milk was determined at the Haymana Research and Application Farm, which is affiliated with the Faculty of Agriculture at Ankara University. The coarse and concentrated feed raw materials required for feeding the animals on the farm are produced on site, and the blue and green water footprints of wheat, maize (grain and silage), barley, alfalfa and sunflower have been calculated. The quantity of water utilised for cleaning purposes in the barn and auxiliary facilities (milking), the volume of water consumed by the animals, and the water footprint values corresponding to the feed requirement of an average dairy cow of 36 kg per day were calculated. The amount of water consumed for the production of 1 litre of milk per day was found to be 1112.3 litres.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• barn
• livestock
• raw milk
• water footprint

Kaynakça

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