Kimyon (Cuminum cyminum L. ) Bitkisinde Yapraktan GA3 ve Metil Jasmonat Uygulamalarının Meyve Verimi ve Uçucu Yağ Kalitesi Üzerine Etkileri

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 16 Sayı: 2, 255 - 262, 17.12.2021

Arif Şanlı Tahsin Karadoğan Halil Ercabuk Hamide Dağlı

Öz

Bu çalışma farklı gelişme dönemlerinde yapraktan yapılan Gibberellik asit (GA3) ve Metil Jasmonat (MJ) uygulamalarının kimyon (Cuminum cyminum L.) meyve verimi ve uçucu yağ kalitesine etkilerinin belirlenmesi amacıyla Isparta koşullarında 2014 ve 2015 yıllarında yürütülmüştür. Çalışmada farklı konsantrasyonlarda GA3 (0, 50, 100 ve 150 ppm) ve MJ (0, 0.5, 1.0 ve 1.5 mM) vejetatif gelişme dönemi (çıkıştan 40 gün sonra) ve çiçeklenme ortası (çıkıştan 60 gün sonra) olmak üzere iki gelişme döneminde bitki yapraklarına püskürtme şeklinde uygulanmıştır. GA3 ve MJ uygulamaları kimyonda meyve verimi ve verimi etkileyen parametreleri genellikle olumlu yönde etkilemiş, ortaya çıkan etki uygulama dozlarına bağlı olarak değişim göstermiştir. En yüksek şemsiye sayısı ve meyve sayısı 100 ppm GA3, 1000 tane ağırlığı ve meyve verimi ise 0.5 ve 1.0 mM MJ uygulamalarından elde edilmiştir. Her iki fitohormonun da uçucu yağ sentezine etkisi istatistiki açıdan önemli bulunmuş, yüksek dozda yapılan GA3 uygulamaları hariç diğer uygulamalar meyve uçucu yağ oranını kontrole göre (% 1.85) önemli derecede arttırmıştır. Tüm uygulamalarda da uçucu yağları oluşturan ana bileşenler benzer (3-Caren-10-al, cuminic aldehyde, γ-terpinene, β-pinene ve cymol) olmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Kimyon, GA3, Metil Jasmonat, meyve verimi, uçucu yağ oranı ve bileşenleri

Effects of Foliar GA3 and Methyl Jasmonate Applications on Fruit Yield and Essential Oil Quality of Cumin (Cuminum cyminum L. )

Öz

This study was carried out in Isparta conditions in 2014 and 2015 in order to determine the effects of foliar applications of Gibberellic acid (GA3) and Methyl Jasmonate (MJ) at different growth stages on cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) fruit yield and essential oil quality. Different concentrations of GA3 (0, 50, 100 and 150 ppm) and MJ (0, 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 mM) were applied to the leaves by spraying in two developmental periods: vegetative development period (40 days after emergence) and mid-flowering (60 days after emergence). The applications of GA3 and MJ have generally positively affected the yield and parameters affecting fruit yield in cumin, and the resulting effect has varied depending on the application doses. The highest number of umbrellas and number of fruits was obtained from applications of 100 ppm GA3, 1000 grain weight and fruit yield were obtained from applications of 0.5 and 1.0 mM MJ. The effect of both applications on the synthesis of essential oils was found to be statistically significant, and all applications except that high-dose GA3, significantly increased the fruit essential oil content compared to the control (1.85%). The main components of the essential oils in all applications were similar (3-caren-10-al, cuminic aldehyde, γ-terpinene, β-pinene and cymol).

Anahtar Kelimeler

Cumin, GA3, Methyl Jasmonate, fruit yield, essential oil content and components

Kaynakça

• Abdulsalam AR, Almas GM (2014). Effect of nitrogen fertilization and gibberellic acid spray on seed yield and oil content of black seed (Nigella sativa L.). Journal of Zankoy Sulaimani- Part A, Special Issue, Vol. 16.
• Alabadí D, Gil J, Blázquez MA, García-Martínez JL (2004). Gibberellins repress photomorphogenesis in darkness Amiri S, Sharafzadeh S, Ordookhani K (2014). The Effect of gıbberellıc acıd and benzyladenıne on growth and essentıal oıls of German Chamomıle. Indian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Life Sciences ISSN: 2231-6345.
• Arslan, N. (2019). Türkiye’de Kimyon Üretimi Ve Ticareti. TÜRTOB Dergisi. 8(29). www.turktob.org.tr
• Baydar H (2016). Tıbbi ve Aromatik Bitkiler Bilimi ve Teknolojisi (Genişletilmiş 5. Baskı). SDÜ Yayınları, Yayın No: 51, Isparta.
• Beis S, Azcan N, Ozek T, Kara M, Baser K (2000). Production of essential oil from cumin seeds. Chemistry of Natural Compounds 36, 265-268.
• Cecconi F, Gaetani M, Lenzi C, Durante M (2002). The Sunflower Dwarf Mutant Dw1: Effects Of Gıbberellıc Acıd Treatment. HELIA, 25,36,161-166.
• Chauhan PS, Satti NK, Suri KA, Amina M, Bani S (2010). Stimulatory effects of Cuminum cyminum and flavonoid glycoside on Cyclosporine-A and restraint stress induced immune-suppression in Swiss albino mice. Chemico-Biological Interactions 185, 66-72.
• Cheong JJ, Choi YD (2003). Methyl jasmonate as a vital substance in plants. Trends in Genetics, 19: 409- 413.
• Choi DW, Jung J, Im Ha Y, Park HW, In DS, Chung HJ, Liu JR (2005). Analysis of transcripts in methyl jasmonate-treated ginseng hairy roots to ıdentify genes ınvolved in the biosynthesis of ginsenosides and other secondary metabolites. Plant Cell Reports, 23(8),557-566.
• Degenhardt DC, Lincoln DE (2006). Volatile emissions from an odorous plant in response to herbivory and methyl jasmonate exposure. J Chem Ecol 32: 725-743.
• Ding CK, Wang CY, Gross KC, Smith DL (2001). Reduction of chilling injury and transcript accumulation of heat shock proteins in tomato fruit by methyl jasmonate and methyl salicylate. Plant Science, 161: 1153-1159.
• Eid MNA, Ahmed SS (1976). Preliminary studies on the effect of GA3 and CCC on growth and essential oil content of Ocimum basilicum L. Egypt. J. Hort. 3: 83–87.
• Elik, H., Özgüven, M. & Kızıl, S. (2010). Diyarbakır Ekolojik Koşullarında Farklı Ekim Zamanlarının Dereotu (Anethum graveolens L.)’nda Bazı Agronomik ve Teknolojik Özellikler Üzerine Etkisi. (Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Çukurova Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü)
• Farooqi AHA, Shukla A (1990). Utilization of plant growth regulators in aromatic plant production. Chromatography 12, 152-157.
• Feizbakhsh, A., Pazoki, H., Ebrahimzadeh M.A. 2016. Effect of gibberellic acid on composition of s. Ebulus leaf essential oil (caprifoliaceous). Pharmacologyonline, 2:137-142. Gobbo-Neto L, Lopes NP (2007). Plantas medicinais: fatores de influência no conteúdo de metabólitos secundários. Quim Nova 30(2): 374-381.
• Hajlaoui H, Mighri H, Noumi E, Snoussi M, Trabelsi N, Ksouri R, Bakhrouf A (2010). Chemical composition and biological activities of Tunisian Cuminum cyminum L. essential oil: a high effectiveness against Vibrio spp. strains. Food and Chemical Toxicology 48, 2186-2192.
• Haokıp MC, Sharangı AB, Debbarma K, Ranjıta Devı AK, Karthık CS (2016). Role of plant growth regulators on the growth and yield of coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.). Journal of Crop and Weed, 12(3):33-35.
• Kan Y, Kartal M, Özek T, Aslan S, Başer KHC (2007) .Composıtıon Of Essentıal Oıl of Cumınum Cymınum L. Accordıng to Harvestıng Tımes. Turkish J. Pharm. Sci. 4 (1) 25 – 29.
• Bano U, Khan AF, Farina Mujeeb F, Maurya N, Tabassum H, Siddiqui MH, Haneef M, Osama K, Farooqui A (2016).Effect of plant growth regulators on essential oil yield in aromatic plants. Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research, 8(7):733-739.
• Keskin S, Baydar H (2016). Umbelliferae familyasından bazı önemli kültür türlerinin ısparta ekolojik koşullarında tarımsal ve teknolojik özelliklerinin belirlenmesi. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi Cilt 20, Sayı 1, 133-141.
• Kim EH, Kim YS, Park SH, Koo YJ, Choi YD, Chung YY, Lee IJ, Kim JK (2009). Methyl jasmonate reduces grain yield by mediating stress signals to alter spikelet development in rice. Plant Physiology 149, 1751–1760. http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1104/pp.108.134684.
• Kim HJ, Chen F, Wang X, Rajapakse NC. (2006). Effect of methyl jasmonate on secondary metabolites of sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.). Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 54, 2327-2332. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf051979g.
• Kusuma MV, Venkatesha J, Ganghadarappa PM, Hiremath J S, Mastiholi AB, Manjunatha G (2019).Effect of growth regulators at dıfferent stages on growth and yıeld of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare mıll.). International Journal of Current Research Vol. 11, Issue, 01, pp.392-397.
• Li Z, Wang X, Chen F, Kim HJ. (2007). Chemical changes and over expressed genes in sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) upon methyl jasmonate treatment. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 55, 706-713. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf062481x.
• Lima HRP, Kaplan MAC, Cruz AVM (2003). Influência dos fatores abióticos na produção e variabilidade de terpenóides em plantas. Floresta Ambient 10: 71-77.
• Maciejewska BD, Kesy J, Zielińska M, Kopcewicz J (2004). Jasmonatlar, kısa gün bitki pharbitis nil'de çiçeklenmeyi inhibe eder. bitki büyüme yönetmeliği, 43(1), 1-8.
• Marotti M, Piccaglia R (1992). The ınfluence of distillation conditions on the essential oil composition of three varieties of foeniculum vulgare mill. journal of essential oil res., 4: 569-576.
• Martinez-Tome M, Jimenez AM, Ruggieri S, Frega N, Strabbioli R, Murcia MA (2001). Antioxidant properties of mediterranean spices compared with common food additives. Journal of Food Protection 64, 1412-1419.
• Milan KM, Dholakia H, Tiku PK, Vishveshwaraiah P (2008). Enhancement of digestive enzymatic activity by cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) and role of spent cumin as a bionutrient. Food Chemistry 110, 678-683.
• Nalini N, Manju V, Menon V (2006.) Effect of spices on lipid metabolism in 1, 2-dimethylhydrazine-induced rat colon carcinogenesis. Journal of Medicinal Food 9, 237-245.
• Olszewski N, Sun TP, Gubler F (2002). Gibberellin signaling: biosynthesis, catabolism, and response pathways. plant cell, 14, S61-S80.
• Plant Physiology, 134( 3), Pages 1050–1057, https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.103.035451.
• Povh JÁ, Ono EO (2007). Efeito do ácido giberélico na composição do óleo essencial de Salvia officinalis L. Publ UEPG Biol Health Sci. 13(1/2): 7-10.
• Prins CL, Vieira IJC, Freitas SP (2010). Growth regulators and essential oil production. Braz. J. Plant Physiol., 22(2): 91-102.
• Rahimi AR, Rokhzadi A, Amini S, Karami E (2013). Effect of salicylic acid and methyl jasmonate on growth and secondary metabolites in Cuminum cyminum L. J. Biodivers Environ. Sci, 3(12), 140-9.
• Rahman S, Islam N, Tahar A, Karim A (2004). Influence of GA3 and MH and their time of spray on morphology, yield contributing characters and yield of soybean. Asian Journal of Plant Science, 3(5): 602-609.
• Raouf Fard F, Omidbaigi R, Sharifi M, Sefidkon F, Behmanesh M (2012). Effect of methyl jasmonate on essential oil content and composition of Agastache foeniculum. Journal of medicinal plants research 6, 5701-5705.
• Rohamare Y, Nikam TD, Dhumal KN (2013). Effect of foliar application of plant growth regulators on growth, yield and essential oil components of Ajwain (Trachyspermum ammi L.). Int J. Seed Spices, 3: 34-41.
• Sangwan NS, Farooqi AHA, Shabih F, Sangwan RS (2001). Plant Growth Regul., 34, 3–21.
• Sharafzadeh S, Zare M (2011). Influence of growth regulators on growth and secondary metabolites of some medicinal plants from Lamiaceae family. Adv. Environ. Biol. 1, 2296–2303.
• Singh D, Singh PP, Naruka IS, Rathore SS, Shaktawat RPS (2012). Effect of plant growth regulators on growth and yield of coriander. Indian J. Hort. 69: 91-93.
• Srinivasan K (2005). Plant foods in the management of diabetes mellitus: spices as beneficial antidiabetic food adjuncts. International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition 56, 399-414.
• Şanlı A , Karadoğan T, Daldal H (2012). Burdur’da tarımı yapılan bazı umbelliferae türlerinin uçucu yağ oranı ve bileşenlerinin belirlenmesi. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 7 (1): 27-31.
• Teale WD, Paponov IA, Palme K (2006). Auxin in action: signalling, transport and the control of plant growth and developmentNat. Rev. Mol. Cell. Biol., 847–859.
• Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu (2021). Türkiye Kimyon Üretimi. (Son erişim tarihi:25.08.2021) http://www.tuik.gov.tr.
• Tyler L, Thomas SG, Hu J, Dill A, Alonso JM, Ecker JR, Sun T (2004). Della proteins and gibberellin-regulated seed germination and floral development in arabidopsis. Plant Physiol. 135, 1008–1019.
• Verma P, Sena NL (2006). Effect of Plant growth regulators on vegetative growth and seed yield of coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) cv. RCr435. J. Spices Aromatic Crops, 15.
• Warabieda W, Olszak R (2010). Effect of exogenous methyl jasmonate on numerical growth of the population of the two-spotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae Koch.) on strawberry plants and young apple trees. Journal of Plant Protection Research 50, 541-544. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10045-010-0089-y.
• Yıldız TY (2011). Isparta İlinde İklim – Tarım İlişkisi. Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Afyonkarahisar.
• Zheljazkov VD, Cantrell CL, Astatkie T, Ebelhar MW (2010). Peppermint productivity and oil composition as a function of nitrogen growth stage, and harvest time. Agronomy Journal 102, 124–128.
• Zlatev S, Iliev L, Vasilev G, Zlateva M (1978). Influence of some cytokinins on herb and essential oil yield of peppermint. Horticultural Science (Sofia), 15, 51–56.