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Melezleme Islahı Yoluyla Elde Edilen Ümitvar Kiraz (Prunus avium L.) Genotiplerinin Kendine Verimlilik ve S-Allel Genlerinin Belirlenmesi

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 16 Sayı: 2, 105 - 114, 17.12.2021

Öz

Kiraz tüm dünyada sevilerek tüketilen ve üreticisine yüksek düzeyde kazanç sağlayan meyve türlerinin başında gelmektedir. Ancak eski kiraz çeşitlerinin yetiştiriciliğinde verim, kalite ve kendine uyuşmazlık gibi önemli sorunlar bulunmaktadır. Bu noktada önemli bir kiraz üreticisi ve ihracatsısı olan ülkemizin dünya piyasalarındaki rekabet gücünü koruyabilmesi ve arttırabilmesi için kendine verimli ve kaliteli yeni çeşitlerini geliştirmesi gerekmektedir. Bu kapsamda, Eğirdir Meyvecilik Araştırma Enstitüsü (MAREM) tarafından melezleme yolu ile kiraz çeşit ıslahı başlatılmıştır. Bu tez çalışmasında, MAREM’de yapılan melezlemeler (0900 Ziraat X kendine uyuşur veya uyuşmaz çeşitler) sonucunda elde edilen ümitvar 27 adet kiraz genotipinin kendine verimlilik durumları ile S-Allel uyuşmazlık genlerinin yanısıra fenolojik ve bazı meyve kalite özelliklerinin (pomolojik özellikler, antioksidant bileşenler ve çatlama hassasiyeti) belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Çalışma, 2015 ve 2016 yılları arasında yürütülmüştür.

Çalışmada, genotiplerin meyve tutum oranları arazide kendileme uygulamalarında %0-%33, serbest tozlanmada ise %3-%54 arasında değişmiştir. Moleküler çalışmalar sonucunda genotiplerin 13’ünde kendine verimlilik alleli (S4’) saptanmıştır.

Kaynakça

  • Acıköse A, Gürbüz İB (2018). Bursa kiraz ihracat araştırması. Türk Tarım ve Doğa Bilimleri Dergisi. 5 (2), 191–202.
  • Bargioni G (1996). Sweet cherry scions: characteristics of the principal commercial cultivars, breeding objectives and methods. In Cherries: Crop Physiology, Production and Uses. CAB International, Oxon, UK:73-112.
  • Brown SK, Lezzoni AF, Fogle HW (1996). Cherries. In Fruit Breeding, Volume I: Tree and Tropical Fruits. NY. USA.
  • Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), 2018. Data. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data (Son erişim tarihi: 20.11.2018).
  • Guerrero PVM, Vasilakakis MD, Lombard PB (1985). Factors controlling fruit set of Napoleon sweet cherry in Western Oregon. Horticultural Science, 20: 913–914.
  • Hedhly A, Hormaza JI, Herrero M (2004). Effect of temperature on pollen tube kinetics and dynamics in sweet cherry, Prunus avium (Rosaceae). American Journal of Botany, 91: 558-564.
  • İpek A, Gülen H, Akçay ME, İpek M, Ergin S, Eriş A (2011). Determination of self-incompatibility groups of sweet cherry genotypes from Turkey. Genetics and Molecular Research, 10(1): 253-260.
  • Jayansankar S, Kappel F (2011). Recent advences in cherry breeding. Fruit, Vegatable and Cereal Science and Biotechnology, 5: 63-67.
  • Lech W, Małodobry M, Dziedzic E, Bieniasz M, Doniec S (2008). Biology of sweet cherry flowering. Journal of Fruit and Ornamental Plant Research, 16: 189-199
  • Lefort F, Lally M, Thompson D, Douglas GC (1998). Morphological traits and microsatellite fingerprinting of a stand of elite ırish oaks. Silvae Genetica, 47 (5-6): 257- 262.
  • Moghadam EG, Hosseini P, Mokhtarian A (2009). Blooming phenology and self-incompatibility of some commercial cherry (Prunus avium L.) cultivars in Iran. Scientia Horticulturae, 123(1): 29-33.
  • Özçağıran R, Ünal A, Özeker E, İsfendiyaroğlu M (2003). Ilıman iklim meyve türleri. Sert Çekirdekli Meyve Türleri Cilt I. İzmir. Ege Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Yayınları, Ege Üniversitesi Basımevi.
  • Özçağıran R, Ünal A, Özeker E, İsfendiyaroğlu M (2005). Ilıman iklim meyve türleri sert çekirdekli meyveler. İzmir. Ege Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Yayınları.
  • Saunier R (1996). Sweet cherry breeding at the research station in Bordeaux. Acta Horticulturae, 41: 35-40.
  • Schuster M (2012). Incompatible (S-) genotypes of sweet cherry cultivars (Prunus avium L.). Scientia Horticulturae, 148: 59–73.
  • Schuster M (2017). Self-incompatibility (S) genotypes of cultivated sweet cherries – An overview. Quedlinburg. OpenAgrar-Repositorium. doi.10.5073/20171213-111734.
  • Sonneveld T, Robbins TP, Boskovic RK, Tobutt R (2001). Cloning of six cherry self-ıncompatibility alleles and development of allele-specific PCR detection. Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 102: 1046-1055. Sonneveld T, Tobutt KR, Robbins TP (2003). Allele-specific PCR detection of sweet cherry self-incompatibility (S) alleles S1 to S16 using consensus and allele-specific primers. Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 107: 1059-1070.
  • Sonneveld T, Tobutt KR, Vaughan SP Robbins TP (2005). Loss of pollen-S function in two self-compatible selections of Prunus avium is associated with deletion/mutation of an s haplotype-specific f-box gene. The Plant Cell, 17: 37-51.
  • Sütyemez M, Eti S (1999). Pozantı ekolojik kosullarında yetistirilen bazı kiraz çesitlerinin döllenme biyolojileri üzerine arastırmalar. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 23: 265–272.
  • Tao R, Yamane H, Sugiura A, Murayama H, Sassa H, Mori H (1999). Molecular typing of S-alleles through identification, characterization and cDNA cloning for S-RNases in sweet cherry. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science, 124: 224-233.
  • Tehrani G, Brown SK (1992). Pollen-ıncompatibility and self-fertility in sweet cherry. Plant Breeding Reviews, 9: 367–388.
  • Tsukamoto T, Potter D, Tao R, Vieira CP, Vieira J, Lezzoni AF (2008b). Genetic and molecular characterization of three novel S-haplotypes in sour cherry (Prunus cerasus L.), Journal of Experimental Botany, 59: 3169-3185.
  • Tsukamoto T, Tao R Lezzoni AF (2008a). PCR markers for mutated S-haplotypes enable discrimination between self-incompatible and self-compatible sour cherry selections. Molecular Breeding, 21: 67-80.
  • Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu (TÜİK), 2019. Türkiye istatistik Kurumu (TÜİK). http://www.tuik.gov.tr/ (Son Erisim Tarihi: 15.11.2020).
  • Ülger M, Özçağıran R (1989). Salihli kirazının (Prunus avium cv. Salihli) pomolojik özellikleri ve dölleyici tespiti üzerinde bir araştırma. Ege Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 26 (2): 53-63.

Identification Self-fertility and S-Allele Genes of Promising Sweet Cherry (Prunus avium L.) Genotypes Obtained by Crossbreeding

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 16 Sayı: 2, 105 - 114, 17.12.2021

Öz

Cherry is one of the fruit species that are loved and consumed all over the world and provide high levels of income to its producers. However, in the cultivation of old cherry varieties, there are important problems such as yield, quality and self-incompatibility. At this point, our country, which is an important cherry producer and exporter, needs to develop its own productive and high quality new varieties in order to maintain and increase its competitive power in the world markets. In this context, the breeding of cherry varieties has been initiated by the Eğirdir Fruit Research Institute (MAREM) through hybridization (0900 Ziraat X self-compatible or self-incompatible cultivars). In this thesis study, it was aimed to determine the self-fertility status and S-Allele incompatibility genes as well as phenological and some fruit quality characteristics (pomological properties, antioxidant components and cracking sensitivity) of the promising 27 cherry genotypes obtained as a result of hybridization in MAREM. The study was conducted between 2015 and 2016.

In the study, the fruit set ratios of genotypes in field isolation applications varied between 0% -33% and 3-54% in free pollination. As a result of molecular studies, self-fertility allele (S4 ') was detected in 13 of the genotypes.

Kaynakça

  • Acıköse A, Gürbüz İB (2018). Bursa kiraz ihracat araştırması. Türk Tarım ve Doğa Bilimleri Dergisi. 5 (2), 191–202.
  • Bargioni G (1996). Sweet cherry scions: characteristics of the principal commercial cultivars, breeding objectives and methods. In Cherries: Crop Physiology, Production and Uses. CAB International, Oxon, UK:73-112.
  • Brown SK, Lezzoni AF, Fogle HW (1996). Cherries. In Fruit Breeding, Volume I: Tree and Tropical Fruits. NY. USA.
  • Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), 2018. Data. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data (Son erişim tarihi: 20.11.2018).
  • Guerrero PVM, Vasilakakis MD, Lombard PB (1985). Factors controlling fruit set of Napoleon sweet cherry in Western Oregon. Horticultural Science, 20: 913–914.
  • Hedhly A, Hormaza JI, Herrero M (2004). Effect of temperature on pollen tube kinetics and dynamics in sweet cherry, Prunus avium (Rosaceae). American Journal of Botany, 91: 558-564.
  • İpek A, Gülen H, Akçay ME, İpek M, Ergin S, Eriş A (2011). Determination of self-incompatibility groups of sweet cherry genotypes from Turkey. Genetics and Molecular Research, 10(1): 253-260.
  • Jayansankar S, Kappel F (2011). Recent advences in cherry breeding. Fruit, Vegatable and Cereal Science and Biotechnology, 5: 63-67.
  • Lech W, Małodobry M, Dziedzic E, Bieniasz M, Doniec S (2008). Biology of sweet cherry flowering. Journal of Fruit and Ornamental Plant Research, 16: 189-199
  • Lefort F, Lally M, Thompson D, Douglas GC (1998). Morphological traits and microsatellite fingerprinting of a stand of elite ırish oaks. Silvae Genetica, 47 (5-6): 257- 262.
  • Moghadam EG, Hosseini P, Mokhtarian A (2009). Blooming phenology and self-incompatibility of some commercial cherry (Prunus avium L.) cultivars in Iran. Scientia Horticulturae, 123(1): 29-33.
  • Özçağıran R, Ünal A, Özeker E, İsfendiyaroğlu M (2003). Ilıman iklim meyve türleri. Sert Çekirdekli Meyve Türleri Cilt I. İzmir. Ege Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Yayınları, Ege Üniversitesi Basımevi.
  • Özçağıran R, Ünal A, Özeker E, İsfendiyaroğlu M (2005). Ilıman iklim meyve türleri sert çekirdekli meyveler. İzmir. Ege Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Yayınları.
  • Saunier R (1996). Sweet cherry breeding at the research station in Bordeaux. Acta Horticulturae, 41: 35-40.
  • Schuster M (2012). Incompatible (S-) genotypes of sweet cherry cultivars (Prunus avium L.). Scientia Horticulturae, 148: 59–73.
  • Schuster M (2017). Self-incompatibility (S) genotypes of cultivated sweet cherries – An overview. Quedlinburg. OpenAgrar-Repositorium. doi.10.5073/20171213-111734.
  • Sonneveld T, Robbins TP, Boskovic RK, Tobutt R (2001). Cloning of six cherry self-ıncompatibility alleles and development of allele-specific PCR detection. Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 102: 1046-1055. Sonneveld T, Tobutt KR, Robbins TP (2003). Allele-specific PCR detection of sweet cherry self-incompatibility (S) alleles S1 to S16 using consensus and allele-specific primers. Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 107: 1059-1070.
  • Sonneveld T, Tobutt KR, Vaughan SP Robbins TP (2005). Loss of pollen-S function in two self-compatible selections of Prunus avium is associated with deletion/mutation of an s haplotype-specific f-box gene. The Plant Cell, 17: 37-51.
  • Sütyemez M, Eti S (1999). Pozantı ekolojik kosullarında yetistirilen bazı kiraz çesitlerinin döllenme biyolojileri üzerine arastırmalar. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 23: 265–272.
  • Tao R, Yamane H, Sugiura A, Murayama H, Sassa H, Mori H (1999). Molecular typing of S-alleles through identification, characterization and cDNA cloning for S-RNases in sweet cherry. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science, 124: 224-233.
  • Tehrani G, Brown SK (1992). Pollen-ıncompatibility and self-fertility in sweet cherry. Plant Breeding Reviews, 9: 367–388.
  • Tsukamoto T, Potter D, Tao R, Vieira CP, Vieira J, Lezzoni AF (2008b). Genetic and molecular characterization of three novel S-haplotypes in sour cherry (Prunus cerasus L.), Journal of Experimental Botany, 59: 3169-3185.
  • Tsukamoto T, Tao R Lezzoni AF (2008a). PCR markers for mutated S-haplotypes enable discrimination between self-incompatible and self-compatible sour cherry selections. Molecular Breeding, 21: 67-80.
  • Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu (TÜİK), 2019. Türkiye istatistik Kurumu (TÜİK). http://www.tuik.gov.tr/ (Son Erisim Tarihi: 15.11.2020).
  • Ülger M, Özçağıran R (1989). Salihli kirazının (Prunus avium cv. Salihli) pomolojik özellikleri ve dölleyici tespiti üzerinde bir araştırma. Ege Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 26 (2): 53-63.
Toplam 25 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Ziraat Mühendisliği
Bölüm Araştıma
Yazarlar

Fatma Yıldırım 0000-0001-7304-9647

İsmail Demirtaş

Yayımlanma Tarihi 17 Aralık 2021
Gönderilme Tarihi 8 Mart 2021
Kabul Tarihi 3 Eylül 2021
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2021 Cilt: 16 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Yıldırım, F., & Demirtaş, İ. (2021). Melezleme Islahı Yoluyla Elde Edilen Ümitvar Kiraz (Prunus avium L.) Genotiplerinin Kendine Verimlilik ve S-Allel Genlerinin Belirlenmesi. Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 16(2), 105-114.