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Zeka Kuramları: Bazısı Tutar Bazısı Tutmaz

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 2 Sayı: 2, 133 - 150, 31.12.2022

Öz

Bu çalışmada, zekâ konusunda ileri sürülmüş olan kuramlar arasındaki popülerlik meselesi ele alınmıştır. Araştırma problemi de, “Bazı kuramlar neden diğerlerine göre daha popülerdir?” şeklinde betimlenmiştir. Kuramlar arası popülerliği analiz edebilmek amacıyla (a) zeka kuramlarının tarih boyunca nasıl gelişme gösterdiği ve (b) neden bazı kuramların diğerlerine göre daha fazla yaygınlık kazandığı konularına açıklık getirilmiştir. Bu amaca dayanarak Platon (MÖ 428-348)’dan Gardner’a (2012) kadar yaklaşık yirmi dört zeka anlayışı ve modeli taranmıştır. Sternberg ve Kaufman’ın (2018) Dört Dalga’sı üzerinden yeniden incelenen kuramların (a) non-lineer ve (b) diyalektik özelliklerde gelişim gösterdiği gözlemlenmiştir. Bir kuramın popülerliğine etki eden beş faktör tanımlanmıştır. Bunlar; (1) zeminin kabul edebilirliği, (2) uygulanabilirlik, (3) kolaylık, (4) çok benzerlik-az farklılık ve (5) ekonomikliktir. Çalışmanın sosyal bilimlerde kuram geliştirmek ya da kavramsal veya meta-kuram tadında çalışmak isteyen araştırmacılara kaynak olabileceği düşünülmüştür. Ayrıca, bireyi, herkesçe övülen bir kuramın neden beğenilmeyebileceği, veya tam tersine çoğunlukla beğenilen zeka akımına neden kapılabilineceği gibi sorularla karşı karşıya getirerek, çalışmanın bireysel düzeyde farkındalık uyandıracağı düşünülmektedir.

Kaynakça

  • Anderson, B. (2000). The g factor in non-human animals. The Nature of Intelligence, 233, 79-95.
  • Adorno, T. W. (1991). On the fetish character in music and the regression of listening. In J. M. Bernstein (Ed.), The culture industry: Selected essays on mass culture (pp .29-60). Routledge.
  • Binet, A., & Simon, T. (1916). The development of intelligence in children: The Binet-Simon Scale (No. 11). Williams & Wilkins Company.
  • Boden, M. A. (1996). The philosophy of artificial life. Oxford University Press.
  • Broks, P. (2006). Understanding popular science. McGraw-Hill Education.
  • Cronbach, L. J. (1949). Essentials of psychological testing. Harper.
  • Calikoglu, B. S. (2021). Öğrenme güçlüğü ve özel yetenek kavramlarına disiplinler arası bakış anne baba öğretmen kılavuzu. N. Ç. Umar (Ed.), Zekâ tanımı, sınıflandırma ve kuramları içinde (s. 187-201). Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık.
  • Caro, T. M., & Hauser, M. D. (1992). Is there teaching in nonhuman animals?. The Quarterly Review of Biology, 67(2), 151-174.
  • Carroll, J. B. (1993). Human cognitive abilities: A survey of factor-analytic studies. Cambridge University Press.
  • Cattell, R. B. (1963). Theory of fluid and crystallized intelligence: A critical experiment. Journal of Educational Psychology, 54(1), 1-22.
  • Ceci, S. J. (1996). On intelligence. Harvard University Press.
  • Dabrowski, K. (1966). The theory of positive disintegration. International Journal of Psychiatry, 2(2), 229-249.
  • Darwin’s, C. (1859). On the origin of species. published on, 24.
  • Demos, R. (1932). On persuasion. The Journal of Philosophy, 29(9), 225-232.
  • Fischbach, G. D. (1992). Mind and brain. Scientific American, 267(3), 48-59.
  • Gagné, F. (1985). Giftedness and talent: Reexamining a reexamination of the definitions. Gifted Child Quarterly, 29(3), 103-112.
  • Galton, F. (1869). Hereditary genius: An inquiry into its laws and consequences (Vol. 27). Macmillan.
  • Gardner, H. (2012). The theory of multiple intelligences. Early professional development for teachers, 133.
  • Giddens, A., & Duneier, M. (2000). Introduction to sociology. New York and London.
  • Gioia, D. A., & Pitre, E. (1990). Multiparadigm perspectives on theory building. Academy of Management Review, 15(4), 584-602.
  • Erdoğan, İ., Korkmaz, A. (2005). Popüler kültür ve iletişim. Erk Yayınları
  • Horn, J. L., & Noll, J. (1997). Human cognitive capabilities: Gf-Gc theory. In D. P. Flanagan, J. L. Genshaft, & P. L. Harrison (Eds.), Contemporary intellectual assessment: Theories, tests, and issues (pp. 53–91). Cambridge University Press.
  • Horn, J. L., & Cattell, R. B. (1966). Refinement and test of the theory of fluid and crystallized general intelligences. Journal of educational psychology, 57(5), 253.Howard, G. (1983). Frames of mind: The theory of multiple intelligences. Basics.
  • Howard, G. (2011). Frames of mind: The theory of multiple intelligences. Hachette. Haugeland, J. (Ed.). (1997). Mind design II: Philosophy, psychology, artificial intelligence. MIT press.
  • Haven, K. (2014). Story smart: Using the science of story to persuade, influence, inspire, and teach. ABC-CLIO.
  • Heyes, C. M. (1998). Theory of mind in nonhuman primates. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 21(1), 101-114.
  • Hunter, J. E. (2017). A causal analysis of cognitive ability, job knowledge, job performance, and supervisor ratings. In F. Landy, S. Zedeck, & J. Cleveland (Eds.), Performance measurement and theory (pp. 257-266). Routledge.
  • Hunter, J. E., & Hunter, R. F. (1984). Validity and utility of alternative predictors of job performance. Psychological Bulletin, 96(1), 72-98.
  • Hopkins, W. D., Russell, J. L., & Schaeffer, J. (2014). Chimpanzee intelligence is heritable. Current Biology, 24(14), 1649-1652.
  • Ibbotson, R. G., & Idzorek, T. M. (2014). Dimensions of popularity. The Journal of Portfolio Management, 40(5), 68-74.
  • Kaufman, S. (2013). Ungifted: Intelligence redefined. Basic Books.
  • Kline, R. (1995). Construing “technology” as “applied science”: Public rhetoric of scientists and engineers in the United States, 1880-1945. Isis, 86(2), 194-221.
  • Leahy, A. M. (1935). Nature-nurture and intelligence. Genetic Psychology Monographs.
  • Müller, H., & Maasdorp, C. (2011). The data, information, and knowledge hierarchy and its ability to convince. In C. Rolland, & M. Collard (Eds.), 2011 Fifth ınternational conference on research challenges in information science (pp. 1-6). IEEE.
  • Mayer, J. D., & Salovey, P. (1993). The intelligence of emotional intelligence. Intelligence, 17(4), 433-442.
  • Mede, N. G., & Schäfer, M. S. (2020). Science-related populism: Conceptualizing populist demands toward science. Public Understanding of Science, 29(5), 473-491.
  • Mendel, G. (1965). Experiments in plant hybridisation. Harvard University Press.
  • Nascimento-Schulze, C. M. (2008). Science and society: To indicate, to motivate or to persuade?. Diogenes, 55(1), 133-142.
  • Neisser, U., Boodoo, G., Bouchard Jr, T. J., Boykin, A. W., Brody, N., Ceci, S. J., Halpern, D. F., Loehlin, J. C., Perloff, R., Sternberg, R. J., & Urbina, S. (1996). Intelligence: Knowns and unknowns. American Psychologist, 51(2), 77-101.
  • Penn, D. C., Holyoak, K. J., & Povinelli, D. J. (2008). Darwin's mistake: Explaining the discontinuity between human and nonhuman minds. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 31(2), 109-130.
  • Plomin, R. (1990). Nature and nurture: An introduction to human behavioral genetics. Thomson Brooks/Cole Publishing Co.
  • Plomin, R., & Petrill, S. A. (1997). Genetics and intelligence: What's new?. Intelligence, 24(1), 53-77.
  • Renzulli, J. S. (1984). The triad/revolving door system: A research based approach to identification and programming fort he gifted and talented. Gifted Child Quarterly, 28, 163-171.
  • Shevchenko, A., & Sosnitsky, A. (2020). Universal meta-definition of intelligence. In 2020 IEEE 11th international conference on dependable systems, services and technologies (DESSERT) (pp. 189-195). IEEE.
  • Smith, M. K. (1999). Aristotle on knowledge. 10 Ağustos 2021 tarihinde https://infed.org/mobi/aristotle-on-knowledge/. adresinden edinilmiştir.
  • Smith, M. K. (2002). Howard Gardner and multiple intelligences. The Encyclopedia of Informal Education, 2, 96-132.
  • Spearman, C. (1904). “General Intelligence”, objectively determined and measured. The American Journal of Psychology, 15(2), 201-292.
  • Sternberg, R. J. (1985). Beyond IQ: A triarchic theory of human intelligence. Cambridge University Press.
  • Sternberg, R. J., & Grigorenko, E. (Eds.). (1997). Intelligence, heredity and environment. Cambridge University Press.
  • Sternberg, R. J., & Kaufman, S. B. (2018). Theories and conceptions of giftedness. In S. I. Pfeiffer (Ed.), Handbook of giftedness in children (pp. 29-47). Springer, Cham.
  • Taşdelen, V. (2003). Eğitimde kuram ve uygulama bağının kurulmasına yönelik felsefi bir araştırma. Ankara University Journal of Faculty of Educational Sciences, 36(1), 151-166.
  • Tannenbaum, A. J. (1983). Gifted children: Psychological and educational perspectives. Macmillan College.
  • Terman, L. M. (1916). The measurement of intelligence: An explanation of and a complete guide for the use of the Stanford revision and extension of the Binet-Simon intelligence scale. Houghton Mifflin.
  • Thurstone, L. L. (1947). Multiple factor analysis. Psychological Review, 38(5), 406–427 Türk Dil Kurumu sözlükleri (t.y.). Kolay. Genel Türkçe sözlüğü içinde. 10 Eylül 2021 tarihinde https://sozluk.gov.tr/ adresinden edinilmiştir.
  • Türk Dil Kurumu sözlükleri (t.y.). Basit. Genel Türkçe sözlüğü içinde. 10 Eylül 2021 tarihinde https://sozluk.gov.tr/ adresinden edinilmiştir.
  • Türk Dil Kurumu sözlükleri (t.y.). Bayağı. Genel Türkçe sözlüğü içinde. 10 Eylül 2021 tarihinde https://sozluk.gov.tr/ adresinden edinilmiştir.
  • Türk Dil Kurumu sözlükleri (t.y.). Popüler. Genel Türkçe sözlüğü içinde. 10 Eylül 2021 tarihinde https://sozluk.gov.tr/ adresinden edinilmiştir.
  • Stanley, J. C., & Benbow, C. P. (1983). SMPY's first decade: Ten years of posing problems and solving them. The Journal of Special Education, 17(1), 11-25.
  • White, J. P. (1974). Intelligence and the logic of the nature-nurture issue. Journal of Philosophy of Education, 8(1), 30-51.
  • White, K. R. (1982). The relation between socioeconomic status and academic achievement. Psychological Bulletin, 91(3), 461-481.
  • Ziegler, A. (2005). The actiotope model of giftedness. In R. J. Sternberg, & J. Davidson (Eds.), Conceptions of giftedness (2nd ed., pp. 411–434). Cambridge University Press.
  • Zins, C. (2007). Conceptual approaches for defining data, information, and knowledge. Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 58(4), 479-493.
Yıl 2022, Cilt: 2 Sayı: 2, 133 - 150, 31.12.2022

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Anderson, B. (2000). The g factor in non-human animals. The Nature of Intelligence, 233, 79-95.
  • Adorno, T. W. (1991). On the fetish character in music and the regression of listening. In J. M. Bernstein (Ed.), The culture industry: Selected essays on mass culture (pp .29-60). Routledge.
  • Binet, A., & Simon, T. (1916). The development of intelligence in children: The Binet-Simon Scale (No. 11). Williams & Wilkins Company.
  • Boden, M. A. (1996). The philosophy of artificial life. Oxford University Press.
  • Broks, P. (2006). Understanding popular science. McGraw-Hill Education.
  • Cronbach, L. J. (1949). Essentials of psychological testing. Harper.
  • Calikoglu, B. S. (2021). Öğrenme güçlüğü ve özel yetenek kavramlarına disiplinler arası bakış anne baba öğretmen kılavuzu. N. Ç. Umar (Ed.), Zekâ tanımı, sınıflandırma ve kuramları içinde (s. 187-201). Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık.
  • Caro, T. M., & Hauser, M. D. (1992). Is there teaching in nonhuman animals?. The Quarterly Review of Biology, 67(2), 151-174.
  • Carroll, J. B. (1993). Human cognitive abilities: A survey of factor-analytic studies. Cambridge University Press.
  • Cattell, R. B. (1963). Theory of fluid and crystallized intelligence: A critical experiment. Journal of Educational Psychology, 54(1), 1-22.
  • Ceci, S. J. (1996). On intelligence. Harvard University Press.
  • Dabrowski, K. (1966). The theory of positive disintegration. International Journal of Psychiatry, 2(2), 229-249.
  • Darwin’s, C. (1859). On the origin of species. published on, 24.
  • Demos, R. (1932). On persuasion. The Journal of Philosophy, 29(9), 225-232.
  • Fischbach, G. D. (1992). Mind and brain. Scientific American, 267(3), 48-59.
  • Gagné, F. (1985). Giftedness and talent: Reexamining a reexamination of the definitions. Gifted Child Quarterly, 29(3), 103-112.
  • Galton, F. (1869). Hereditary genius: An inquiry into its laws and consequences (Vol. 27). Macmillan.
  • Gardner, H. (2012). The theory of multiple intelligences. Early professional development for teachers, 133.
  • Giddens, A., & Duneier, M. (2000). Introduction to sociology. New York and London.
  • Gioia, D. A., & Pitre, E. (1990). Multiparadigm perspectives on theory building. Academy of Management Review, 15(4), 584-602.
  • Erdoğan, İ., Korkmaz, A. (2005). Popüler kültür ve iletişim. Erk Yayınları
  • Horn, J. L., & Noll, J. (1997). Human cognitive capabilities: Gf-Gc theory. In D. P. Flanagan, J. L. Genshaft, & P. L. Harrison (Eds.), Contemporary intellectual assessment: Theories, tests, and issues (pp. 53–91). Cambridge University Press.
  • Horn, J. L., & Cattell, R. B. (1966). Refinement and test of the theory of fluid and crystallized general intelligences. Journal of educational psychology, 57(5), 253.Howard, G. (1983). Frames of mind: The theory of multiple intelligences. Basics.
  • Howard, G. (2011). Frames of mind: The theory of multiple intelligences. Hachette. Haugeland, J. (Ed.). (1997). Mind design II: Philosophy, psychology, artificial intelligence. MIT press.
  • Haven, K. (2014). Story smart: Using the science of story to persuade, influence, inspire, and teach. ABC-CLIO.
  • Heyes, C. M. (1998). Theory of mind in nonhuman primates. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 21(1), 101-114.
  • Hunter, J. E. (2017). A causal analysis of cognitive ability, job knowledge, job performance, and supervisor ratings. In F. Landy, S. Zedeck, & J. Cleveland (Eds.), Performance measurement and theory (pp. 257-266). Routledge.
  • Hunter, J. E., & Hunter, R. F. (1984). Validity and utility of alternative predictors of job performance. Psychological Bulletin, 96(1), 72-98.
  • Hopkins, W. D., Russell, J. L., & Schaeffer, J. (2014). Chimpanzee intelligence is heritable. Current Biology, 24(14), 1649-1652.
  • Ibbotson, R. G., & Idzorek, T. M. (2014). Dimensions of popularity. The Journal of Portfolio Management, 40(5), 68-74.
  • Kaufman, S. (2013). Ungifted: Intelligence redefined. Basic Books.
  • Kline, R. (1995). Construing “technology” as “applied science”: Public rhetoric of scientists and engineers in the United States, 1880-1945. Isis, 86(2), 194-221.
  • Leahy, A. M. (1935). Nature-nurture and intelligence. Genetic Psychology Monographs.
  • Müller, H., & Maasdorp, C. (2011). The data, information, and knowledge hierarchy and its ability to convince. In C. Rolland, & M. Collard (Eds.), 2011 Fifth ınternational conference on research challenges in information science (pp. 1-6). IEEE.
  • Mayer, J. D., & Salovey, P. (1993). The intelligence of emotional intelligence. Intelligence, 17(4), 433-442.
  • Mede, N. G., & Schäfer, M. S. (2020). Science-related populism: Conceptualizing populist demands toward science. Public Understanding of Science, 29(5), 473-491.
  • Mendel, G. (1965). Experiments in plant hybridisation. Harvard University Press.
  • Nascimento-Schulze, C. M. (2008). Science and society: To indicate, to motivate or to persuade?. Diogenes, 55(1), 133-142.
  • Neisser, U., Boodoo, G., Bouchard Jr, T. J., Boykin, A. W., Brody, N., Ceci, S. J., Halpern, D. F., Loehlin, J. C., Perloff, R., Sternberg, R. J., & Urbina, S. (1996). Intelligence: Knowns and unknowns. American Psychologist, 51(2), 77-101.
  • Penn, D. C., Holyoak, K. J., & Povinelli, D. J. (2008). Darwin's mistake: Explaining the discontinuity between human and nonhuman minds. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 31(2), 109-130.
  • Plomin, R. (1990). Nature and nurture: An introduction to human behavioral genetics. Thomson Brooks/Cole Publishing Co.
  • Plomin, R., & Petrill, S. A. (1997). Genetics and intelligence: What's new?. Intelligence, 24(1), 53-77.
  • Renzulli, J. S. (1984). The triad/revolving door system: A research based approach to identification and programming fort he gifted and talented. Gifted Child Quarterly, 28, 163-171.
  • Shevchenko, A., & Sosnitsky, A. (2020). Universal meta-definition of intelligence. In 2020 IEEE 11th international conference on dependable systems, services and technologies (DESSERT) (pp. 189-195). IEEE.
  • Smith, M. K. (1999). Aristotle on knowledge. 10 Ağustos 2021 tarihinde https://infed.org/mobi/aristotle-on-knowledge/. adresinden edinilmiştir.
  • Smith, M. K. (2002). Howard Gardner and multiple intelligences. The Encyclopedia of Informal Education, 2, 96-132.
  • Spearman, C. (1904). “General Intelligence”, objectively determined and measured. The American Journal of Psychology, 15(2), 201-292.
  • Sternberg, R. J. (1985). Beyond IQ: A triarchic theory of human intelligence. Cambridge University Press.
  • Sternberg, R. J., & Grigorenko, E. (Eds.). (1997). Intelligence, heredity and environment. Cambridge University Press.
  • Sternberg, R. J., & Kaufman, S. B. (2018). Theories and conceptions of giftedness. In S. I. Pfeiffer (Ed.), Handbook of giftedness in children (pp. 29-47). Springer, Cham.
  • Taşdelen, V. (2003). Eğitimde kuram ve uygulama bağının kurulmasına yönelik felsefi bir araştırma. Ankara University Journal of Faculty of Educational Sciences, 36(1), 151-166.
  • Tannenbaum, A. J. (1983). Gifted children: Psychological and educational perspectives. Macmillan College.
  • Terman, L. M. (1916). The measurement of intelligence: An explanation of and a complete guide for the use of the Stanford revision and extension of the Binet-Simon intelligence scale. Houghton Mifflin.
  • Thurstone, L. L. (1947). Multiple factor analysis. Psychological Review, 38(5), 406–427 Türk Dil Kurumu sözlükleri (t.y.). Kolay. Genel Türkçe sözlüğü içinde. 10 Eylül 2021 tarihinde https://sozluk.gov.tr/ adresinden edinilmiştir.
  • Türk Dil Kurumu sözlükleri (t.y.). Basit. Genel Türkçe sözlüğü içinde. 10 Eylül 2021 tarihinde https://sozluk.gov.tr/ adresinden edinilmiştir.
  • Türk Dil Kurumu sözlükleri (t.y.). Bayağı. Genel Türkçe sözlüğü içinde. 10 Eylül 2021 tarihinde https://sozluk.gov.tr/ adresinden edinilmiştir.
  • Türk Dil Kurumu sözlükleri (t.y.). Popüler. Genel Türkçe sözlüğü içinde. 10 Eylül 2021 tarihinde https://sozluk.gov.tr/ adresinden edinilmiştir.
  • Stanley, J. C., & Benbow, C. P. (1983). SMPY's first decade: Ten years of posing problems and solving them. The Journal of Special Education, 17(1), 11-25.
  • White, J. P. (1974). Intelligence and the logic of the nature-nurture issue. Journal of Philosophy of Education, 8(1), 30-51.
  • White, K. R. (1982). The relation between socioeconomic status and academic achievement. Psychological Bulletin, 91(3), 461-481.
  • Ziegler, A. (2005). The actiotope model of giftedness. In R. J. Sternberg, & J. Davidson (Eds.), Conceptions of giftedness (2nd ed., pp. 411–434). Cambridge University Press.
  • Zins, C. (2007). Conceptual approaches for defining data, information, and knowledge. Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 58(4), 479-493.
Toplam 62 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Eğitim Üzerine Çalışmalar
Bölüm Derlemeler
Yazarlar

Burcu Çalıkoğlu 0000-0002-4085-8330

Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Aralık 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022 Cilt: 2 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Çalıkoğlu, B. (2022). Zeka Kuramları: Bazısı Tutar Bazısı Tutmaz. Siirt Eğitim Dergisi, 2(2), 133-150.