Üniversite Öğrencilerinin Spor Ortamı Algıları ve Spora Katılım Motivasyonlarının İncelenmesi

Öz

Amaç: Bu araştırmanın amacı, Spor Bilimleri Fakültesi öğrencilerinin üniversite spor ortamı algıları ile spora katılım motivasyonları arasındaki ilişkileri incelemek, ayrıca gelir düzeyi ile motivasyon arasındaki ilişkide spor ortamı algısının aracılık rolünü test etmek ve bu değişkenlerin cinsiyet, yaş ve gelir düzeyine göre farklılaşıp farklılaşmadığını değerlendirmektir. Gereç ve Yöntem: Araştırma, 2025–2026 eğitim-öğretim yılında Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Spor Bilimleri Fakültesinde öğrenim gören 362 öğrenci ile yürütülmüştür. Veriler, Üniversite Spor Ortamı Ölçeği ve Sporda Güdülenme Ölçeği-II ile toplanmıştır. Analizlerde bağımsız örneklem t-testi, tek yönlü varyans analizi (ANOVA) ve Tukey testi kullanılmıştır. Değişkenler arası ilişkiler Pearson korelasyon analizi ile incelenmiş, aracılık analizleri PROCESS Macro (Model 4) ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Etki büyüklükleri Cohen’s d ve eta-kare (η²) ile değerlendirilmiştir. Bulgular: Erkek öğrencilerin spor ortamı algısı ve motivasyon puanlarının daha yüksek olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Kadınların içsel güdü, erkeklerin ise dışsal güdü düzeylerinin daha yüksek olduğu belirlenmiştir. Spor ortamı algısı ve motivasyon düzeylerinin 21–23 yaş grubunda daha yüksek olduğu saptanmıştır. Gelir düzeyi arttıkça her iki değişkenin istatistiksel olarak anlamlı biçimde yükseldiği tespit edilmiştir. Sonuç: Üniversite spor ortamına yönelik algı, spora katılım motivasyonu ile pozitif yönde ilişkilidir. Kampüs spor ortamlarında erişilebilirliğin ve desteğin artırılması, öğrencilerin spora katılımını ve genel deneyimini geliştirebilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Cinsiyet farklılıkları
• üniversite spor ortamı
• sosyo-ekonomik düzey
• spor katılım motivasyonu.

Examining University Students’ Perceptions of the Sports Environment and Their Motivation for Sports Participation

Öz

Aim: This study aimed to examine the relationships between university sports environment perceptions and sports participation motivation among students of the Faculty of Sports Sciences, to test the mediating role of sports environment perception in the relationship between income level and motivation, and to evaluate whether these variables differ by gender, age, and income level. Method: The study was conducted with 362 students at Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam University during the 2025–2026 academic year. Data were collected using the University Sports Environment Scale and the Sport Motivation Scale-II. Independent samples t-test, one-way ANOVA, and Tukey post-hoc tests were applied. Pearson correlation analysis examined relationships, and mediation analysis was conducted using PROCESS Macro (Model 4). Effect sizes were reported using Cohen’s d and eta squared (η²). Results: Male students had higher sports environment perception and motivation scores. Females showed higher intrinsic motivation, while males showed higher extrinsic motivation. Both variables were higher in the 21–23 age group. As income increased, both variables increased significantly. A significant positive relationship was found between sports environment perception and motivation. However, no significant mediating role was observed. Conclusion: University sports environment perception is positively associated with sports participation motivation. Improving accessibility and support in campus sports environments may enhance students’ participation and overall experience.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Gender differences
• university sport environment
• socio-economic status
• sport participation motivation.

Kaynakça

1. Ahmed, M. D., ve Al Salim, Z. A. (2024). Provision of Quality Physical Education to enhance the motive of Physical Activity and its underlying Behavior among university students. Heliyon, 10(3).
2. Arey, D. L., ve Levental, O. (2024). Beyond the game: The influence of varying degrees of sports involvement on college students’ self-perceptions and institutional affiliation. Education Sciences, 14(3), 332.
3. Ayyıldız, E. (2022). Examining the university sports environment: a study on Turkish university students. International Online Journal of Education and Teaching, 9(4), 1950-1959.
4. Choi, S. M., Wang, F. J., Sum, R. K. W., Ching, B. H. H., Leung, E. F. L., ve Ho, R. W. K. (2024). The motivational impact of sport education model on daily physical activity levels among university students: a mediation analysis. Scientific Reports, 14(1), 27964.
5. Çingöz, Y. E., ve Altug, T. (2023). Investigation of the Effect of University Sports Environment on Academic Motivation. Shanlax International Journal of Education, 11, 227-235.
6. Dai, J., Chen, J., Huang, Z., Chen, Y., Li, Y., Sun, J., ve Chen, J. (2024). Age-effects of sport education model on basic psychological needs and intrinsic motivation of adolescent students: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Plos One, 19(5), e0297878.
7. Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (1985). Intrinsic motivation and self-determination in human behavior. Springer.
8. Gabunilas, J. M. C. M., Bañadera, S. P., Peña, J. E. P., ve Galanido, P. J. C. (2025). Evaluating the program alignment, management implementation, and stakeholder perspectives to strengthen university intramural sports and events. Sportis. Scientific Journal of School Sport, Physical Education and Psychomotricity, 11(4), 1-24.

9. Hristova, Y., ve Teneva, D. (2025). Needs and interests ın the field of sports among students ın pedagogical specialties. Trakia Journal of Sciences, 23(2), 6-6.
10. Karasar, N. (1999). Bilimsel Araştırma Yöntemi: Kavramlar. İlkeler, Teknikler, Ankara: Nobel Yayınevi.
11. Kazak, Z. (2004). Sporda güdülenme ölçegı-sgö-" nın Türk sporcuları için güvenirlik ve geçerlilik çalışması. Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 15(4), 191-206.
12. Kovács, K. E., Kovács, K., Szabó, F., Dan, B. A., Szakál, Z., Moravecz, M., ve Pusztai, G. (2022). Sport motivation from the perspective of health, institutional embeddedness and academic persistence among higher educational students. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(12), 7423.
13. Kovács, K., ve Kovács, K. E. (2021). Using the behavioural regulation in an Exercise Questionnaire (BREQ–2) in Central and Eastern Europe: Evidence of reliability, sociocultural background, and the effect on sports activity. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(22), 11834.
14. Li, J., Leng, Z., Tang, K., Na, M., Li, Y., ve Alam, S. S. (2024). Multidimensional impact of sport types on the psychological well-being of student athletes: A multivariate investigation. Heliyon, 10(11).
15. Liu, L., Chen, S., ve Yang, X. (2022). Analysis of the anomie behavior and external motivation of college students in sports: A cross-sectional study among gender. Frontiers in Psychology, 13.
16. Long, C., ve Nie, Z. (2024). Research on the Physical Activity Level of University Students in College Sports Environment. Journal of Multidisciplinary in Humanities and Social Sciences, 7(4), 1913-1927.
17. Niehues, M., Wille-Rex, L., ve Sallen, J. (2025). Identity and motivation of adolescent student-athletes in school and elite sport: an investigation of the relationship within-and cross-domains. Frontiers in Sports and Active Living, 7, 1625068.
18. Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2000). Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development, and well-being. American Psychologist, 55(1), 68–78.
19. Sáez, I., Solabarrieta, J., ve Rubio, I. (2021). Motivation for physical activity in university students and its relation with gender, amount of activities, and sport satisfaction. Sustainability, 13(6), 3183.
20. Sharifi, K. D., Sidiqi, K. M. S., ve Ajmiri, M. Y. (2024). The Impact of a Harmonious Sports Environment on Learning Interest. Sprin Journal of Arts, Humanities and Social Sciences, 3(4), 20-23.
21. Shin, S., Chiu, W. ve Lee, H. W. (2018). For a better campus sporting experience: Scale development and validation of the collegiate sportscape scale. Journal of Hospitality, Leisure, Sport ve Tourism Education, 22, 22-30.
22. Tao, H., ve Yu, F. (2025). The impact of psychological needs, social support, and sport motivation on college students’ sport commitment and sports participation. BMC Psychology, 13(1), 1-16.
23. Wu, L., Gao, J., ve Xiang, J. (2024). The effects of perceived sport environment on sport gains of Chinese university students: chain mediation between physical activity behavior and sport learning self-efficacy. Frontiers in Psychology, 15, 1466457.
24. Yılmaz, A., ve Esentürk, O. K. (2020). Üniversite Spor Ortamı Ölçeği (ÜSOÖ): Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik Çalışması. OPUS International Journal of Society Researches, 15(23), 1699-1724.