Investigation of Body Mass Index and Balance Levels of Team and Individual Athletes

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 3, 157 - 164, 29.12.2022

Abdullah Canikli

Öz

The aim of this study is to examine the body mass index levels of team and individual athletes in terms of different variables. 170 athletes who actively do sports in different sports branches voluntarily participated in the research. Tanita body composition analysis measurement was used for body mass index and body weight in the study. For balance performance, sense wave medical, sense product device was used. According to the findings of the study, it was determined that the body mass index valuesof male team athletes were lower than female athletes. When the balance levels were examined, it was determined that only the risk of falling (fall risk) was higher in women than in men (p<0,05). When the body mass index of the individual athletes was examined according to the gender variable, it was determined that the female athletes had a higher body mass index than the men (p<0,05). There was no significant difference in balance levels (p>0,05). When team and individual sports were compared, it was seen that the body mass index of team athletes was lower than that of individual athletes (p<0,05). As a result, it was determined that the body mass index of male athletes was lower than female athletes in both team and individual sports. In this direction, different studies that will examine the motor skills and body mass index of athletes may contribute more significantly to the data of balance performance.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Balance, Body Mass Index, Sport, Performance, Team, Individual

Takım ve Bireysel Sporcuların Vücut Kütle İndeksi ile Denge Düzeylerinin İncelenmesi

Öz

Bu araştırmanın amacı takım ve bireysel sporcuların vücut kitle indeksi düzeylerinin farklı değişkenler açısından incelenmesidir. Araştırmaya farklı spor dallarında aktif olarak spor yapan 170 sporcu gönüllü olarak katılmıştır. Çalışmada vücut kitle indeksi ve vücut ağırlığı için Tanita vücut kompozisyonu analiz ölçümü kullanılmıştır. Denge performansı için ise sense wave medikal, sense product cihazı kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın bulgularına göre erkek takım sporcularının vücut kitle indeksi değerlerinin kadın sporculara göre daha düşük olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Denge seviyeleri incelendiğinde ise yalnızca düşme riskinde (fall risk) kadınların erkeklere göre daha yüksek olduğu saptanmıştır (p<0,05). Bireysel sporcuların cinsiyet değişkenine göre vücut kitle indeksi incelendiğinde ise kadın sporcuların erkeklere göre daha yüksek vücut kitle indeksine sahip oldukları tespit edilmiştir (p<0,05). Denge düzeylerinde anlamlı bir fark olmadığı saptanmıştır (p>0,05). Takım ve bireysel sporlar karşılaştırıldığında ise takım sporcularının vücut kitle indeksinin, bireysel sporculara göre daha düşük olduğu görülmüştür (p<0,05). Sonuç olarak hem takım hem de bireysel sporlarda erkek sporcuların vücut kitle indeksinin kadınlara göre daha düşük olduğu belirlenmiştir. Bu doğrultuda, sporcuların motor becerileri ile vücut kitle indeksini inceleyecek farklı araştırmalar denge performansına ait verilere daha önemli katkı sağlayabilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Denge, Vücut Kütle İndeksi, Spor, Performans, Takım, Bireysel

Kaynakça

• Zaccagni, L. (2012). Anthropometric characteristics and body composition of Italian national wrestlers. European Journal of Sport Science, 12(2), 145-151.
• D'Isanto, T., D'Elia, F., Raiola, G., & Altavilla, G. (2019). Assessment of sport performance: Theoretical aspects and practical indications. Sport Mont, 17(1), 79-82.
• Nughes, E., Rago, V., & Raiola, G. (2017). Pre-Seasonal aerobic fitness in semi-professional Italian football players: Pre-liminary results. Acta Kinesiol, 11, 67-69.
• Singh, S., Singh, K., & Singh, M. (2010). Anthropometric measurements, body composition and somatotyping of high jumpers. Brazilian Journal of Biomotricity, 4(4), 266-271.
• Popovic, S., Bjelica, D., Jaksic, D., & Hadzic, R. (2014). Comparative Study of Anthropometric Measurement and Body Composition between Elite Soccer and Volleyball Players. International Journal of Morphology, 32(1).
• Malina, R. M., Bouchard, C., & Bar-Or, O. (2004). Growth, maturation, and physical activity. Human kinetics.
• Hartley, E. M., Hoch, M. C., & Boling, M. C. (2018). Y-balance test performance and BMI are associated with ankle sprain injury in collegiate male athletes. Journal of science and medicine in sport, 21(7), 676-680.
• Nikolaidis, P. T. (2012). Overweight and obesity in male adolescent soccer players. Minerva Pediatrica, 64(6), 615-622.
• Kramer, T. A., Sacko, R. S., Pfeifer, C. E., Gatens, D. R., Goins, J. M., & Stodden, D. F. (2019). The association between the functional movement screentm, y-balance test, and physical performance tests in male and female high school athletes. International journal of sports physical therapy, 14(6), 911.
• Lockie, R. G., Schultz, A. B., Callaghan, S. J., Jordan, C. A., Luczo, T. M., & Jeffriess, M. D. (2015). A preliminary investigation into the relationship between functional movement screen scores and athletic physical performance in female team sport athletes. Biology of sport, 32(1), 41-51.
• Takken, T., Elst, E., Spermon, N., Helders, P. J., Prakken, A. B. J., & Van der Net, J. (2003). The physiological and physical determinants of functional ability measures in children with juvenile dermatomyositis. Rheumatology, 42(4), 591-595.
• Nashner L. M. (1997). Practical biomechanics and physiology of balance. In: Jacobson GP, Newman CW, Kartush JM, editors. Handbook of balance function testing. San Diego (CA): Singular Publishing Group, 261-79.
• Hrysomallis, C. (2007). Relationship between balance ability, training and sports injury risk. Sports medicine, 37(6), 547-556.
• Arslan, E., Soylu, Y., Clemente, F., Hazir, T., Isler, A. K., & Kilit, B. (2021). Short-term effects of on-field combined core strength and small-sided games training on physical performance in young soccer players. Biology of Sport, 38(4), 609-616.
• Greve, J., Alonso, A., Bordini, A. C. P., & Camanho, G. L. (2007). Correlation between body mass index and postural balance. Clinics, 62, 717-720.
• Çolak, A., Sahin, İ., Soylu, Y., Koç, M., & Ocal, T. (2020). Weight loss methods and effects on the different combat sports athletes. Progress in Nutrition, 22(1-S), 119-124.
• O’Connor, H., & Caterson, I. (2006). Weight loss and the athlete. Clinical Sports Nutrition, 3rd Edition. McGraw-Hill: Boston, 135-173.
• Moon, J. R., Eckerson, J. M., Tobkin, S. E., Smith, A. E., Lockwood, C. M., Walter, A. A., ... & Stout, J. R. (2009). Estimating body fat in NCAA Division I female athletes: a five-compartment model validation of laboratory methods. European journal of applied physiology, 105(1), 119-130.
• Milic, R., Colombini, A., Lombardi, G., Lanteri, P., & Banfi, G. (2012). Estimation of glomerular filtration rate by MDRD equation in athletes: role of body surface area. European journal of applied physiology, 112(1), 201-206.
• Nelson, A. E., Howe, C. J., Nguyen, T. V., Leung, K. C., Trout, G. J., Seibel, M. J., ... & Ho, K. K. (2006). Influence of demographic factors and sport type on growth hormone-responsive markers in elite athletes. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 91(11), 4424-4432.
• Torstveit, M. K., & Sundgot-Borgen, J. (2012). Are under-and overweight female elite athletes thin and fat? A controlled study. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 44(5), 949-57.
• Fieseler, G., Hermassi, S., Hoffmeyer, B., Schulze, S., Irlenbusch, L., Bartels, T., ... & Schwesig, R. (2017). Differences in anthropometric characteristics in relation to throwing velocity and competitive level in professional male team handball: a tool for talent profiling. The Journal of sports medicine and physical fitness, 57(7-8), 985-992.
• Hartley, E. M., Hoch, M. C., & Boling, M. C. (2018). Y-balance test performance and BMI are associated with ankle sprain injury in collegiate male athletes. Journal of science and medicine in sport, 21(7), 676-680.
• Huang, Y. C., & Malina, R. M. (2010). Body mass index and individual physical fitness tests in Taiwanese youth aged 9–18 years. International Journal of Pediatric Obesity, 5(5), 404-411.
• Szmodis, M., Szmodis, I., Farkas, A., Mészáros, Z., Mészáros, J., & Kemper, H. C. (2019). The relationship between body fat percentage and some anthropometric and physical fitness characteristics in pre-and peripubertal boys. International journal of environmental research and public health, 16(7), 1170.
• Esco, M. R., Fedewa, M. V., Cicone, Z. S., Sinelnikov, O. A., Sekulic, D., & Holmes, C. J. (2018). Field-based performance tests are related to body fat percentage and fat-free mass, but not body mass index, in youth soccer players. Sports, 6(4), 105.
• Winter, D. A., Patla, A. E., & Frank, J. S. (1990). Assessment of balance control in humans. Med prog technol, 16(1-2), 31-51.
• Kioumourtzoglou, E., Derri, V., Mertzanidou, O., & Tzetzis, G. (1997). Experience with perceptual and motor skills in rhythmic gymnastics. Perceptual and motor skills, 84(3_suppl), 1363-1372.
• Paillard, T. H., & Noé, F. (2006). Effect of expertise and visual contribution on postural control in soccer. Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports, 16(5), 345-348.
• Davlin, C. D. (2004). Dynamic balance in high level athletes. Perceptual and motor skills, 98(3_suppl), 1171-1176.
• Calavalle, A. R., Sisti, D., Rocchi, M. B. L., Panebianco, R., Del Sal, M., & Stocchi, V. (2008). Postural trials: expertise in rhythmic gymnastics increases control in lateral directions. European journal of applied physiology, 104(4), 643-649.
• Hançerlioğlu, B. (2020). 6 haftalık pliometrik ve core egzersizlerinin bireysel ve takım sporcularında denge faktörü üzerine etkisi. Yayımlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi. İstanbul Gelişim Üniversitesi Antrenörlük Eğitimi ABD, İstanbul.