Levinas’ın Heidegger Yorumundaki Temel Aporia’nın Açığa Çıkarılışı: Heidegger’in Erken Dönem Ontolojisinde “Dasein” ile “İnsan”ın Farkı

Öz

Bu yazı, Heidegger’in erken dönem ontolojisinde “Dasein” ile “insan” arasındaki ayrımı ele almaktadır. Birbirine benzer olan kavramları “aynı”da eritmek, söz konusu kavramlara asıl gücünü veren “fark”ı, gözden kaçması doğal olan, ufacık bir unsura indirgemek anlamına gelmektedir. Öte yandan, ilkin önemsiz gibi görünen ufacık tuhaflıklar, aslında ortaya konan anlatının bütününde ters giden bir şeylerin olduğunun ilk işaretleri olarak belirmektedir. Bu bağlamda yazıda ilkin, Levinas’ın Heidegger yorumunda açığa çıkan ufak tuhaflıkların, bu yorumla oluşturulmuş olan anlatının kendisini nasıl kırılgan bir buzun üzerine ittiği belirgin kılınacaktır. Levinas’ın Heidegger yorumunda ilk bakışta küçük ve önemsiz gibi görünen, fakat sonrasında büyük bir yorum problemine yol açtığını iddia edeceğim temel tuhaflık, Levinas’ın Heidegger’in “Dasein” kavramını “insan” olarak ele almış olmasıdır. Bu problemi belirgin kıldıktan sonra, söz konusu yorumdaki hatanın, aslında farklı stratejik amaçlar doğrultusunda geliştiği ve bu amaçlarla şekillenen bir yorumun da, anlatının bütününde nasıl aporia’lar doğurduğu ortaya koyulacaktır. Son olarak da, Heidegger’in ortaya koyduğu önontolojik dizgede belirdiği haliyle “Dasein”ı “insan”dan ayıran asli “fark”ın ne olduğunu açığa çıkaracak yeni bir anlatı gerçekleştirilecektir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Heidegger
• Levinas
• Dasein
• gerçeklik
• olanak

Revealing The Fundamental Aporia In Levinas’s Interpretation Of Heidegger: The Difference Between “Dasein” And “Human” In Heidegger’s Early Ontology

Öz

This article treats of the distinction between “Dasein” and “human” in early Heidegger’s ontology. To reduce similar concepts to the “same” means relegating the “difference”, which lends actual power to these concepts, to a minute element that is naturally overlooked. Meanwhile, small oddities which at first sight appear to be insignificant appear as the initial signals of something going wrong with the whole of the narrative produced. In this article, first the small oddities found in Levinas’s interpretation of Heidegger are revealed to place the whole narrative on thin ice. The fundamental oddity in Levinas’s interpretation of Heidegger, which may initially appear minor and insignificant but, as I will later argue, culminates in a significant interpretative problem, is Levinas’s evaluation of Heidegger’s concept of “Dasein” as equivalent to “human”. After elucidating this problem, it is demonstrated that the error in the interpretation develops around strategic aims and how an interpretation shaped around such aims creates aporias in the whole of Levinas’s narrative. Finally, a new narrative, which shows the main difference between “Dasein” and “human” in early Heidegger’s ontology, is developed.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Heidegger
• Levinas
• Dasein
• reality
• potentiality

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