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THE QUESTION OF VICTORIANISM AND PROGRESS IN GASKELL’S CRANFORD: A ROMANTICISED OFFER

Yıl 2017, Sayı: 37, 351 - 360, 22.06.2017
https://doi.org/10.21497/sefad.328611

Öz

Elizabeth Gaskell’s Cranford (1853) can be regarded as a notable work in terms of the
attitude towards the dominant idea of progressivism in the Victorian era. Many
works by Gaskell’s contemporaries tended to deal with social problems of the
period, among which her own industrial novels can be included. However, Cranford has an exceptional stance in
that the novel takes place in English countryside remote from all the turmoil
created by industrialisation. Setting her characters in the middle of an
idyllic landscape where the railways and impact of the capitalist economy are
quite far away from the inhabitants of the little town Cranford, Gaskell
presents a lifestyle associated with the remote past, which is still alive in
the memories of English people. In view of the representation of a small town
in the mid-Victorian period and the praise on a simple lifestyle, Gaskell’s
attitude in Cranford can be defined
as a challenge against progressivism. Hence, this article aims to analyse
Gaskell’s Cranford in the light of
the industrial transformation of the Victorian era and argues that Victorianism
and the philosophy of progressivism were severely challenged longing for
pre-industrial conditions.

Kaynakça

  • CROSKERY, Margaret Case (2016). “Mothers Without Children, Unity Without Plot: Cranford’s Radical Charm”. Nineteenth-Century Literature (52): 198-220. http://www.jstor.org/stable/2933907 [09.06.2016].
  • DAGUE, Elizabeth (1980). “Images of Work, Glimpses of Professionalism in Selected Nineteenth- and Twentieth-Century Novels”. Frontiers: A Journal of Women Studies (5): 50-55. http://www.jstor.org/stable/3346305 [09.06.2016].
  • GASKELL, Elizabeth (2011). Cranford. 1853. Reprint. London: Collins.
  • GILLOOLY, Eileen (1992). “Humor as Daughterly Defense in Cranford”. ELH (59): 883-910. http://www.jstor.org/stable/2873299 [18.01.2017].
  • GILMOUR, Robin (1993). The Victorian Period: The Intellectual and Cultural Context of English Literature. Harlow: Longman.
  • HOPKINS, A. B. (1931). “Liberalism in the Social Teachings of Mrs. Gaskell”. Social Service Review (5): 57-73. http://www.jstor.org/stable/30009643 [09.06.2016].
  • JAFFE, Audrey (2007). “Cranford and Ruth”. The Cambridge Companion to Elizabeth Gaskell. ed. Jill L. Matus. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 30-49.
  • KIESEL, Alyson J. (2004). “Meaning and Misinterpretation in ‘Cranford’”. ELH (71): 1001-1017. http://www.jstor.org/stable/30029954 [07.09.2016].
  • MILL, John Stuart (2001). Utilitarianism. 1863. Reprint. Ontario: Batoche Books.
  • MILLER, Andrew H. (1994). “Subjectivity Ltd: The Discourse of Liability in the Joint Stock Companies Act of 1856 and Gaskell’s Cranford”. ELH (61): 139-157. http://www.jstor.org/stable/2873436 [09.06.2016].
  • MULVIHILL, James (1995). “Economies of Living in Mrs. Gaskell’s Cranford”. Nineteenth-Century Literature (50): 337-356. http://www.jstor.org/stable/2933673 [12.07.2016].
  • SCHOR, Hillary M. (1992). Scheherazade in the Market Place: Elizabeth Gaskell and the Victorian Novel. New York: Oxford University Press.
  • SEAMAN, Lewis. C. B. (1995). Victorian England: Aspects of English and Imperial History 1837-1901. Oxon: Routledge.
  • THELEN, David P. (1969). “Social Tensions and the Origins of Progressivism”. The Journal of American History (56): 323-341.
  • WOLFE, Patricia A. (1968). “Structure and Movement in Cranford”. Nineteenth-Century Fiction (23): 161-176. http://www.jstor.org/stable/2932367 [09.06.2016].

GASKELL’IN CRANFORD ESERİNDE VİKTORYA TOPLUMU VE İLERİCİLİK FELSEFESİNİN SORGULANMASI: ROMANTİK BİR ÖNERİ

Yıl 2017, Sayı: 37, 351 - 360, 22.06.2017
https://doi.org/10.21497/sefad.328611

Öz

Elizabeth
Gaskell’ın Cranford (1853) romanı,
Viktorya çağındaki ilericilik düşüncesinin ele alınması bakımından dikkate
değer bir eserdir.  Gaskell’ın çağdaşları
tarafından yazılan eserler dönemin toplumsal sorunları ile ilgilenmeyi hedefler
ve yazarın sanayi romanları da bu eserler arasında sayılabilir. Yine de Cranford eseri, sanayileşme nedeniyle
ortaya çıkan karmaşadan uzakta, kırsal bir bölgede geçmesiyle özel bir bakış
açısına sahiptir. Romanın başlığına kaynaklık eden Cranford isimli küçük
kasabanın sakinlerini demiryollarından ve kapitalist ekonominin etkilerinden
oldukça uzakta, sessiz ve sakin bir bölgeye yerleştiren Gaskell, İngiliz
halkının toplumsal hafızasında halen canlılığını koruyan, ancak uzak geçmişte
kalmış bir yaşam tarzını sunar. 19. yüzyıl İngiltere’sinde görülen sorunlardan
uzak kalarak küçük bir kasabanın kendi halindeki yaşantısının yansıtılması ve
buradaki sade yaşam biçimine değer verilmesi nedeniyle, Cranford romanı ilerici felsefeye karşı çıkış olarak
tanımlanabilir. Bu makalenin amacı, Gaskell’ın Cranford romanını Viktorya çağındaki sanayi dönüşümü ışığında
incelemek ve sanayi dönemi öncesindeki yaşam biçimine duyulan özlem yüzünden
Viktorya dönemi yaşantısı ile ilericilik felsefesinin ciddi biçimde
sorgulandığını ortaya koymaktır.

Kaynakça

  • CROSKERY, Margaret Case (2016). “Mothers Without Children, Unity Without Plot: Cranford’s Radical Charm”. Nineteenth-Century Literature (52): 198-220. http://www.jstor.org/stable/2933907 [09.06.2016].
  • DAGUE, Elizabeth (1980). “Images of Work, Glimpses of Professionalism in Selected Nineteenth- and Twentieth-Century Novels”. Frontiers: A Journal of Women Studies (5): 50-55. http://www.jstor.org/stable/3346305 [09.06.2016].
  • GASKELL, Elizabeth (2011). Cranford. 1853. Reprint. London: Collins.
  • GILLOOLY, Eileen (1992). “Humor as Daughterly Defense in Cranford”. ELH (59): 883-910. http://www.jstor.org/stable/2873299 [18.01.2017].
  • GILMOUR, Robin (1993). The Victorian Period: The Intellectual and Cultural Context of English Literature. Harlow: Longman.
  • HOPKINS, A. B. (1931). “Liberalism in the Social Teachings of Mrs. Gaskell”. Social Service Review (5): 57-73. http://www.jstor.org/stable/30009643 [09.06.2016].
  • JAFFE, Audrey (2007). “Cranford and Ruth”. The Cambridge Companion to Elizabeth Gaskell. ed. Jill L. Matus. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 30-49.
  • KIESEL, Alyson J. (2004). “Meaning and Misinterpretation in ‘Cranford’”. ELH (71): 1001-1017. http://www.jstor.org/stable/30029954 [07.09.2016].
  • MILL, John Stuart (2001). Utilitarianism. 1863. Reprint. Ontario: Batoche Books.
  • MILLER, Andrew H. (1994). “Subjectivity Ltd: The Discourse of Liability in the Joint Stock Companies Act of 1856 and Gaskell’s Cranford”. ELH (61): 139-157. http://www.jstor.org/stable/2873436 [09.06.2016].
  • MULVIHILL, James (1995). “Economies of Living in Mrs. Gaskell’s Cranford”. Nineteenth-Century Literature (50): 337-356. http://www.jstor.org/stable/2933673 [12.07.2016].
  • SCHOR, Hillary M. (1992). Scheherazade in the Market Place: Elizabeth Gaskell and the Victorian Novel. New York: Oxford University Press.
  • SEAMAN, Lewis. C. B. (1995). Victorian England: Aspects of English and Imperial History 1837-1901. Oxon: Routledge.
  • THELEN, David P. (1969). “Social Tensions and the Origins of Progressivism”. The Journal of American History (56): 323-341.
  • WOLFE, Patricia A. (1968). “Structure and Movement in Cranford”. Nineteenth-Century Fiction (23): 161-176. http://www.jstor.org/stable/2932367 [09.06.2016].
Toplam 15 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Ömer Öğünç Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 22 Haziran 2017
Gönderilme Tarihi 30 Mart 2017
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2017 Sayı: 37

Kaynak Göster

APA Öğünç, Ö. (2017). GASKELL’IN CRANFORD ESERİNDE VİKTORYA TOPLUMU VE İLERİCİLİK FELSEFESİNİN SORGULANMASI: ROMANTİK BİR ÖNERİ. Selçuk Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi(37), 351-360. https://doi.org/10.21497/sefad.328611

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