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Covid-19, Din ve Temel Hak ve Özgürlükler

Yıl 2020, Sayı: 44, 445 - 460, 26.12.2020
https://doi.org/10.21497/sefad.845468

Öz

Koronavirüsle mücadele ve izole olma durumları temel hak ve özgürlükler ile ilgili tartışmalara yol açmıştır. Uluslararası makamların Covid-19'la mücadele çerçevesinde alınacak önlemler konusunda devletleri insan haklarına saygı göstermeye davet etmesine rağmen, birçok özgürlük saldırıya uğramıştır. Temel bir hak olan din özgürlüğü de bu durumdan etkilenmiştir. Bu bağlamda kolektif dini pratikler, ve özellikle ibadet mekanları için bazı kısıtlamalar getirilmiştir. Bu önlemler din özgürlüğüne yönelik bir saldırı olarak yorumlanmıştır. Covid-19 ile mücadele, bazı din mensuplarına yönelik stereotiplerin ve nefret söyleminin yayılmasına da yol açmıştır. Müslümanlara yönelik ister Avrupa ülkelerinde, Ramazan ayı orucu veya caminin hoparlörlerinden ezan okunmasının protesto edilmesi, ister Hindistan'da yürütülen şeytanlaştırma kampanyası olsun Covid-19'dan önce var olan İslamofobik tutumlar virüsle mücadelenin ilk aylarında da yoğunlaşarak devam ettiği görülmektedir.

Kaynakça

  • Almanya’da Cami Duvarına Terör Örgütü İsmi Yazıldı (2020, 21 Mai), Perspektif, Erişim adresi: https://perspektif.eu/2020/05/21/almanyada-cami-duvarina-teror-orgutu-ismi-yazildi
  • Andlaeur, A. (2020, 28 Avril). En Turquie, une mosquée d’Istanbul s’est transformée en épicerie gratuite pour les plus démunis durant l'épidémie de coronavirus, France İnfo, Erişim adresi: https://www.francetvinfo.fr/sante/maladie/coronavirus/en-turquie-une-mosquee-distanbul-sest-transformee-en-epicerie-gratuite-pour-les-plus-demunis-durant-l-epidemie-de-coronavirus_3913863.html
  • Ayyub, R. (2020, 4 Avril). Islamophobia taints India’s response to the coronavirus, The Washington Post. Erişim adresi: https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/2020/04/06/islamophobia-taints-indias-response-coronavirus/
  • Carballet, M. & Bucco, A. (2020, 1 Avril). Zemmour évoque ces mosquées qui profitent du confinement pour “faire l’appel à la prière comme dans les pays musulmans, Les Valeurs, Erişim Adresi: https://www.valeursactuelles.com/clubvaleurs/societe/zemmour-evoque-ces-mosquees-qui-profitent-du-confinement-pour-faire-lappel-la-priere-comme-dans-les-pays-musulmans-117532?page=1
  • Charalampous, M. (2020). Covid-19: Quel impact sur les droits fondamentaux? Taurillon. Erişim adresi: https://www.taurillon.org/covid-19-quel-impact-sur-les-droits-fondamentaux
  • Coronavirus: Les rassemblements religieux, facteurs de propagation (2020, 31 Mars). France İnfo, Erişim adresi: https://www.francetvinfo.fr/sante/maladie/coronavirus/coronavirus-les-rassemblements-religieux-facteurs-de-propagation_3893061.html
  • Covid-19: le Conseil d’État ordonne de lever l’interdiction de réunion dans les lieux de culte (2020, 18 Mai). France 24, Erişim adresi: https://www.france24.com/fr/20200518-covid-19-pour-le-conseil-d-état-la-fermeture-des-lieux-de-culte-en-france-est-disproportionnée
  • D'Alo, V. (2020). Covid-19: Limitatins to public worship in İtaly, Spain and Poland, DİRESOM, Erişim adresi: https://diresom.net/2020/04/17/covid-19-limitations-to-public-worship-in-italy-spain-and-poland/
  • Darriet, M. (2020, 23 Avril). Ramadan et confinement: une tradition prophétique, rappelle le Conseil régional du culte musulman, France Bleu, Erişim adresi: https://www.francebleu.fr/infos/societe/ramadan-et-confinement-une-tradition-prophetique-rappelle-le-conseil-regional-du-culte-musulman-1587568799
  • Dessi, G. (2020).Religious hatred during the Covid-19 pandemic, Media Diversity İnstitute, Erişim adresi: https://www.media-diversity.org/in-search-of-a-scapegoat-religious-hatred-during-the-coronavirus-pandemic/
  • Donald, A. et Howard, E. (2015). The right to freedom of religion or belief and its intersection with other rights, Middlesex University, İLGA-Europe. Erişim adresi: https://www.ilga-europe.org/sites/default/files/Attachments/the_right_to_freedom_of_religion_or_belief_and_its_intersection_with_other_rights__0.pdf
  • Dutta, T. (2020). Indian hospital shuns Muslims as coronavirus spurs discrimination, The National. Erişim adresi:https://www.thenational.ae/world/asia/indian-hospital-shuns-muslims-as-coronavirus-spurs-discrimination-1.1008876
  • Ghanea, N. (2011). Religion, equality and non-discrimination. J. Witte & C. Green (Ed.), Religion and human rights: An introduction, Oxford University Press.
  • Guterres, A. (2020, 23 Avril). COVID-19 and human rights: We are all in this together, United Nations, Erişim adresi: https://www.un.org/en/un-coronavirus-communications-team/we-are-all-together-human-rights-and-covid-19-response-and
  • Hasan, M. (2020). The coronavirus is empowering islamophobes — but exposing the idiocy of islamophobia, The İntercept, Erişim adresi: https://theintercept.com/2020/04/14/coronavirus-muslims-islamophobia/?comments=1
  • Hıdır, Ö. (2020). Kovid-19 sonrası Müslümanlar: Fırsatlar, meydan okumalar, AA, Erişim adresi: https://www.aa.com.tr/tr/analiz/kovid-19-sonrasi-muslumanlar-firsatlar-meydan-okumalar/1832596
  • Human Rights Library (2016). Study guide: Freedom of religion or belief, University of Minnesota Huaman Rights Center, Erişim adresi: http://hrlibrary.umn.edu/edumat/studyguides/religion.html
  • Krömer, P.The fundamental right to freedom of religion, Conference of European Churches - Church & Society Commission, Erişim adresi: http://csc.ceceurope.org/fileadmin/filer/csc/Human_Rights/Human_Rights_Training_Manual/HRTM_Fundamental_Right_to_Freedom_of_Religion.pdf
  • Kumar, S. (2020, 17 Avril). Hospital in İndia's Gujarat segregates COVİD-19 patients based on religion, Arab News, Erişim adresi: https://www.arabnews.com/node/1660176/world
  • Lalouette, J. (2020). La vie des cultes en France au temps du Covid-19, Erişim adresi: https://jean-jaures.org/nos-productions/la-vie-des-cultes-en-france-au-temps-du-covid-19
  • Le Priol, M. (2020). Les mosquées profitent-elles du confinement pour faire retentir l’appel à la prière ?, La Croix, Erişim adresi:https://www.la-croix.com/Religion/Islam/mosquees-profitent-elles-confinement-faire-retentir-lappel-priere-2020-04-06-1201088144
  • Manchin, G. et Carr, J. (2020). Don’t let religious freedom become a casualty of coronavirus, COVID-19 Symposium, Erişim adresi: https://opiniojuris.org/2020/04/06/covid-19-symposium-dont-let-religious-freedom-become-a-casualty-of-coronavirus/
  • Marthoz, J-P. et Saunders, J. (2005). Religion and the human rights movement, Human Rights Watch World Report 2005, Erişim adresi:http://hrw.org/wr2k5/
  • Marzocchi, O. (2020). The impact of Covid-19 measures on democracy, the rule of law and fundamental rights in the EU, European Parliament, Policy Department for Citizens' Rights and Constitutional Affairs, Erişim adresi: https://www.europarl.europa.eu/thinktank/en/document.htmlreference=IPOL_BRI(2020)651343
  • Mohammad, N. (2020). Coronavirus spread in India sparks intolerance toward minority Muslims, Erişim adresi: https://www.voanews.com/extremism-watch/coronavirus-spread-india-sparks-intolerance-toward-minority-muslims
  • Mustafa, T. (2020, 22 Avril). İnde: Deux bébés musulmans meurent apres avoir été refusés à l'hopital pour leur religion, AFP, Erişim adresi: https://www.cnews.fr/monde/2020-04-22/inde-deux-bebes-musulmans-meurent-apres-avoir-ete-refuses-lhopital-pour-leur
  • Özkaya, T. (2020, 24 Avril). Diyanet İşleri Başkanı Erbaş: 61 bin hocamız resmi olarak Vefa Sosyal Destek Gruplarında çalışıyor, Anadolu Ajansı, Erişim adresi: https://www.aa.com.tr/tr/turkiye/diyanet-isleri-baskani-erbas-61-bin-hocamiz-resmi-olarak-vefa-sosyal-destek-gruplarinda-calisiyor/1817196
  • Sauvaget, B. (2020, 23 Avril). Ramadan et confinement, Libération.
  • Selsky, S. (2020). State-sponsored religious discrimination rises with the pandemic, Freedom House, Erişim adresi: https://freedomhouse.org/article/state-sponsored-religious-discrimination-rises-pandemic
  • Shannon, G. & Bhopal, S. & Abubakr, İ. (2020). Racism and discrimination in Covid-19 responses, The Lancet, Erişim adresi: https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(20)30792-3/fulltext
  • Perrigo, B. (2020). Came to Coronavirus, Time, Erişim adresi:https://time.com/5815264/coronavirus-india-islamophobia-coronajihad/
  • Tınmaz, G. (2020, 19 Mai). Hapishanede Ramazan-III: “Cezaevinde imsakiye dağıtmak laikliğe aykırı, Perspektif, Erişim adresi: https://perspektif.eu/2020/05/19/fransada-hapishanede-ramazan-cezaevinde-imsakiye-dagitmak-laiklige-aykiri-musluman-mahkumlar/
  • UNPO (2020, 8 Avril). Coronavirus: Religious minorities stigmatized, UNPO, Erişim adresi: https://unpo.org/article/21813
  • Zbinden, R. (2020, 10 Mars). Coronavirus: des événements religieux vecteurs majeurs de propagation, Réformes, Erişim adresi:https://www.reformes.ch/societe/2020/03/coronavirus-des-evenements-religieux-vecteurs-majeurs-de-propagation-coronavirus.

Covid-19, Religion et droits fondamentaux

Yıl 2020, Sayı: 44, 445 - 460, 26.12.2020
https://doi.org/10.21497/sefad.845468

Öz

La lutte contre le coronavirus et le confinement ont entrainé une série de discussions concernant les droits fondamentaux et les libertés. Malgré les rappels des autorités internationales qui invitent les états à respecter les droits de l’homme dans les mesures à prendre dans le cadre de la lutte contre la propagation du Covid-19, de nombreuses libertés restent bafouées. La liberté de religion qui fait partie des droits fondamentaux a également été touchée. En effet, certaines restrictions ont été mises en place pour les pratiques religieuses collectives, notamment les lieux de culte. Ces mesures ont été interprétées comme une atteinte à la liberté de religion. La lutte contre le Covid-19 a également entrainé la propagation des stéréotypes et du discours de haine à l'égard de certains membres religieux. Que ce soit dans les pays européens avec la protestation de la diffusion de l'adhan par les haut-parleurs des mosquées ou la pratique du jeûne pendant le mois de Ramadan, ou dans les pays comme l'Inde où une campagne de diabolisation est menée contre les membres de l'Islam, les attitudes islamophobes existant avant le Covid-19 continuent à persister en s'intensifiant pendant les premiers mois dans la lutte contre le virus.

Kaynakça

  • Almanya’da Cami Duvarına Terör Örgütü İsmi Yazıldı (2020, 21 Mai), Perspektif, Erişim adresi: https://perspektif.eu/2020/05/21/almanyada-cami-duvarina-teror-orgutu-ismi-yazildi
  • Andlaeur, A. (2020, 28 Avril). En Turquie, une mosquée d’Istanbul s’est transformée en épicerie gratuite pour les plus démunis durant l'épidémie de coronavirus, France İnfo, Erişim adresi: https://www.francetvinfo.fr/sante/maladie/coronavirus/en-turquie-une-mosquee-distanbul-sest-transformee-en-epicerie-gratuite-pour-les-plus-demunis-durant-l-epidemie-de-coronavirus_3913863.html
  • Ayyub, R. (2020, 4 Avril). Islamophobia taints India’s response to the coronavirus, The Washington Post. Erişim adresi: https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/2020/04/06/islamophobia-taints-indias-response-coronavirus/
  • Carballet, M. & Bucco, A. (2020, 1 Avril). Zemmour évoque ces mosquées qui profitent du confinement pour “faire l’appel à la prière comme dans les pays musulmans, Les Valeurs, Erişim Adresi: https://www.valeursactuelles.com/clubvaleurs/societe/zemmour-evoque-ces-mosquees-qui-profitent-du-confinement-pour-faire-lappel-la-priere-comme-dans-les-pays-musulmans-117532?page=1
  • Charalampous, M. (2020). Covid-19: Quel impact sur les droits fondamentaux? Taurillon. Erişim adresi: https://www.taurillon.org/covid-19-quel-impact-sur-les-droits-fondamentaux
  • Coronavirus: Les rassemblements religieux, facteurs de propagation (2020, 31 Mars). France İnfo, Erişim adresi: https://www.francetvinfo.fr/sante/maladie/coronavirus/coronavirus-les-rassemblements-religieux-facteurs-de-propagation_3893061.html
  • Covid-19: le Conseil d’État ordonne de lever l’interdiction de réunion dans les lieux de culte (2020, 18 Mai). France 24, Erişim adresi: https://www.france24.com/fr/20200518-covid-19-pour-le-conseil-d-état-la-fermeture-des-lieux-de-culte-en-france-est-disproportionnée
  • D'Alo, V. (2020). Covid-19: Limitatins to public worship in İtaly, Spain and Poland, DİRESOM, Erişim adresi: https://diresom.net/2020/04/17/covid-19-limitations-to-public-worship-in-italy-spain-and-poland/
  • Darriet, M. (2020, 23 Avril). Ramadan et confinement: une tradition prophétique, rappelle le Conseil régional du culte musulman, France Bleu, Erişim adresi: https://www.francebleu.fr/infos/societe/ramadan-et-confinement-une-tradition-prophetique-rappelle-le-conseil-regional-du-culte-musulman-1587568799
  • Dessi, G. (2020).Religious hatred during the Covid-19 pandemic, Media Diversity İnstitute, Erişim adresi: https://www.media-diversity.org/in-search-of-a-scapegoat-religious-hatred-during-the-coronavirus-pandemic/
  • Donald, A. et Howard, E. (2015). The right to freedom of religion or belief and its intersection with other rights, Middlesex University, İLGA-Europe. Erişim adresi: https://www.ilga-europe.org/sites/default/files/Attachments/the_right_to_freedom_of_religion_or_belief_and_its_intersection_with_other_rights__0.pdf
  • Dutta, T. (2020). Indian hospital shuns Muslims as coronavirus spurs discrimination, The National. Erişim adresi:https://www.thenational.ae/world/asia/indian-hospital-shuns-muslims-as-coronavirus-spurs-discrimination-1.1008876
  • Ghanea, N. (2011). Religion, equality and non-discrimination. J. Witte & C. Green (Ed.), Religion and human rights: An introduction, Oxford University Press.
  • Guterres, A. (2020, 23 Avril). COVID-19 and human rights: We are all in this together, United Nations, Erişim adresi: https://www.un.org/en/un-coronavirus-communications-team/we-are-all-together-human-rights-and-covid-19-response-and
  • Hasan, M. (2020). The coronavirus is empowering islamophobes — but exposing the idiocy of islamophobia, The İntercept, Erişim adresi: https://theintercept.com/2020/04/14/coronavirus-muslims-islamophobia/?comments=1
  • Hıdır, Ö. (2020). Kovid-19 sonrası Müslümanlar: Fırsatlar, meydan okumalar, AA, Erişim adresi: https://www.aa.com.tr/tr/analiz/kovid-19-sonrasi-muslumanlar-firsatlar-meydan-okumalar/1832596
  • Human Rights Library (2016). Study guide: Freedom of religion or belief, University of Minnesota Huaman Rights Center, Erişim adresi: http://hrlibrary.umn.edu/edumat/studyguides/religion.html
  • Krömer, P.The fundamental right to freedom of religion, Conference of European Churches - Church & Society Commission, Erişim adresi: http://csc.ceceurope.org/fileadmin/filer/csc/Human_Rights/Human_Rights_Training_Manual/HRTM_Fundamental_Right_to_Freedom_of_Religion.pdf
  • Kumar, S. (2020, 17 Avril). Hospital in İndia's Gujarat segregates COVİD-19 patients based on religion, Arab News, Erişim adresi: https://www.arabnews.com/node/1660176/world
  • Lalouette, J. (2020). La vie des cultes en France au temps du Covid-19, Erişim adresi: https://jean-jaures.org/nos-productions/la-vie-des-cultes-en-france-au-temps-du-covid-19
  • Le Priol, M. (2020). Les mosquées profitent-elles du confinement pour faire retentir l’appel à la prière ?, La Croix, Erişim adresi:https://www.la-croix.com/Religion/Islam/mosquees-profitent-elles-confinement-faire-retentir-lappel-priere-2020-04-06-1201088144
  • Manchin, G. et Carr, J. (2020). Don’t let religious freedom become a casualty of coronavirus, COVID-19 Symposium, Erişim adresi: https://opiniojuris.org/2020/04/06/covid-19-symposium-dont-let-religious-freedom-become-a-casualty-of-coronavirus/
  • Marthoz, J-P. et Saunders, J. (2005). Religion and the human rights movement, Human Rights Watch World Report 2005, Erişim adresi:http://hrw.org/wr2k5/
  • Marzocchi, O. (2020). The impact of Covid-19 measures on democracy, the rule of law and fundamental rights in the EU, European Parliament, Policy Department for Citizens' Rights and Constitutional Affairs, Erişim adresi: https://www.europarl.europa.eu/thinktank/en/document.htmlreference=IPOL_BRI(2020)651343
  • Mohammad, N. (2020). Coronavirus spread in India sparks intolerance toward minority Muslims, Erişim adresi: https://www.voanews.com/extremism-watch/coronavirus-spread-india-sparks-intolerance-toward-minority-muslims
  • Mustafa, T. (2020, 22 Avril). İnde: Deux bébés musulmans meurent apres avoir été refusés à l'hopital pour leur religion, AFP, Erişim adresi: https://www.cnews.fr/monde/2020-04-22/inde-deux-bebes-musulmans-meurent-apres-avoir-ete-refuses-lhopital-pour-leur
  • Özkaya, T. (2020, 24 Avril). Diyanet İşleri Başkanı Erbaş: 61 bin hocamız resmi olarak Vefa Sosyal Destek Gruplarında çalışıyor, Anadolu Ajansı, Erişim adresi: https://www.aa.com.tr/tr/turkiye/diyanet-isleri-baskani-erbas-61-bin-hocamiz-resmi-olarak-vefa-sosyal-destek-gruplarinda-calisiyor/1817196
  • Sauvaget, B. (2020, 23 Avril). Ramadan et confinement, Libération.
  • Selsky, S. (2020). State-sponsored religious discrimination rises with the pandemic, Freedom House, Erişim adresi: https://freedomhouse.org/article/state-sponsored-religious-discrimination-rises-pandemic
  • Shannon, G. & Bhopal, S. & Abubakr, İ. (2020). Racism and discrimination in Covid-19 responses, The Lancet, Erişim adresi: https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(20)30792-3/fulltext
  • Perrigo, B. (2020). Came to Coronavirus, Time, Erişim adresi:https://time.com/5815264/coronavirus-india-islamophobia-coronajihad/
  • Tınmaz, G. (2020, 19 Mai). Hapishanede Ramazan-III: “Cezaevinde imsakiye dağıtmak laikliğe aykırı, Perspektif, Erişim adresi: https://perspektif.eu/2020/05/19/fransada-hapishanede-ramazan-cezaevinde-imsakiye-dagitmak-laiklige-aykiri-musluman-mahkumlar/
  • UNPO (2020, 8 Avril). Coronavirus: Religious minorities stigmatized, UNPO, Erişim adresi: https://unpo.org/article/21813
  • Zbinden, R. (2020, 10 Mars). Coronavirus: des événements religieux vecteurs majeurs de propagation, Réformes, Erişim adresi:https://www.reformes.ch/societe/2020/03/coronavirus-des-evenements-religieux-vecteurs-majeurs-de-propagation-coronavirus.
Toplam 34 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Fransızca
Konular Sosyoloji
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Müşerref Yardım Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 26 Aralık 2020
Gönderilme Tarihi 27 Mayıs 2020
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2020 Sayı: 44

Kaynak Göster

APA Yardım, M. (2020). Covid-19, Religion et droits fondamentaux. Selçuk Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi(44), 445-460. https://doi.org/10.21497/sefad.845468

Selcuk University Journal of Faculty of Letters will start accepting articles for 2025 issues on Dergipark as of September 15, 2024.