Impression Procedures and Factors Affecting İmpression Accuracy in İmplant-Supported Dentures

Yıl 2024, , 103 - 109, 26.04.2024

İlayda Ruhi , Kadriye Funda Akaltan

https://doi.org/10.15311/selcukdentj.1420267

Öz

Nowadays dental implants are recognized as the best option for replacing missing teeth. Passive fit of the prosthetic structures is the most essential element for successful treatment in implant supported prostheses. An implant-supported restoration cannot be passively fitted unless the three-dimensional position of the implants in the mouth is accurately transferred to the cast. To do this, the impression must be taken correctly, the impression technique must be selected correctly, the proper impression material must be used, and the relationships between the teeth and surrounding structures must be accurately determined. The impression material, the impression technique, the position, angle, and depth of the implant, the dimensional stability of the plaster, the die system, and the length of the impression copings all have an impact on the accuracy of the impression. In implant-supported prostheses, there are two methods for taking impressions: traditional and digital. In this review, the impression methods used in implant prostheses will be assessed in terms of the number of implants used, the materials used for the impression and splint, the coping design, the implant angle, and the type of connection between the implant and abutment.

Anahtar Kelimeler

implant supported prosthesis, impression methods, impression accuracy

Etik Beyan

It is declared that during the preparation process of this study, scientific and ethical principles were followed and all the studies benefited are stated in the bibliography.

İmplant Üstü Protezlerde Ölçü Yöntemleri ve Ölçü Doğruluğunu Etkileyen Faktörler

Öz

Günümüzde dental implantlar doğal dişlerin yerine geçebilecek en iyi seçenektir. İmplant destekli protetik restorasyonlarda pasif uyum tedavinin başarısı için en önemli faktördür. Pasif uyumlu implant destekli restorasyonlar, doğru ölçü tekniği ve uygun ölçü materyali kullanılarak doğru ölçü alınması, dişlerin komşu yapılarla ilişkilerinin doğru belirlenmesi ve ağız içi yapıların modele doğru aktarılması ile sağlanabilir. Ölçünün doğruluğu, ölçü materyalinden, kullanılan ölçü yönteminden, implantın pozisyonu, açısı ve derinliğinden, kullanılan alçının boyutsal stabilitesinden, kullanılan day sisteminden ve ölçü kopinglerinin uzunluğundan etkilenir. İmplant üstü ölçü yöntemleri geleneksel ve dijital olarak ikiye ayrılabilir. Bu derlemede implant üstü ölçü yöntemlerinin implant sayısı, ölçü materyalleri, splint materyali, koping tasarımı, implant açısı ve implant-abutment bağlantı şekli yönleriyle karşılaştırmalı olarak değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

İmplant üstü protezler, ölçü yöntemleri, ölçü doğruluğu

Etik Beyan

Bu çalışmanın hazırlanma sürecinde bilimsel ve etik ilkelere uyulduğu ve yararlanılan tüm çalışmaların kaynakçada belirtildiği beyan olunur.

Kaynakça

• 1. Naert I, Quirynen M, Theuniers G, van Steenberghe D. Prosthetic aspects of osseointegrated fixtures supporting overdentures. A 4-year report. J Prosthet Dent. 1991 May;65(5):671-80. doi: 10.1016/0022-3913(91)90205-b. PMID: 2051392.
• 2. Sahin S, Cehreli MC, Yalçin E. The influence of functional forces on the biomechanics of implant-supported prostheses--a review. J Dent. 2002 Sep-Nov;30(7-8):271-82. doi: 10.1016/s0300-5712(02)00065-9. PMID: 12554107.
• 3. Sorrentino R, Gherlone EF, Calesini G, Zarone F. Effect of implant angulation, connection length, and impression material on the dimensional accuracy of implant impressions: an in vitro comparative study. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res. 2010 May;12 Suppl 1:e63-76. doi: 10.1111/j.1708-8208.2009.00167.x. Epub 2009 May 8. PMID: 19438937.
• 4. Kim JH, Kim KR, Kim S. Critical appraisal of implant impression accuracies: A systematic review. J Prosthet Dent. 2015 Aug;114(2):185-92.e1. doi: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2015.02.005. Epub 2015 Apr 30. PMID: 25935089.
• 5. Goodacre CJ, Bernal G, Rungcharassaeng K, Kan JY. Clinical complications in fixed prosthodontics. J Prosthet Dent. 2003 Jul;90(1):31-41. doi: 10.1016/s0022-3913(03)00214-2. PMID: 12869972.
• 6. Lee H, So JS, Hochstedler JL, Ercoli C. The accuracy of implant impressions: a systematic review. J Prosthet Dent. 2008 Oct;100(4):285-91. doi: 10.1016/S0022-3913(08)60208-5. PMID: 18922257.
• 7. Moreira AH, Rodrigues NF, Pinho AC, Fonseca JC, Vilaça JL. Accuracy Comparison of Implant Impression Techniques: A Systematic Review. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res. 2015 Oct;17 Suppl 2:e751-64. doi: 10.1111/cid.12310. Epub 2015 Apr 1. PMID: 25828851.
• 8. van der Meer WJ, Andriessen FS, Wismeijer D, Ren Y. Application of intra-oral dental scanners in the digital workflow of implantology. PLoS One. 2012;7(8):e43312. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0043312. Epub 2012 Aug 22. PMID: 22937030; PMCID: PMC3425565.
• 9. Naconecy MM, Teixeira ER, Shinkai RS, Frasca LC, Cervieri A. Evaluation of the accuracy of 3 transfer techniques for implant-supported prostheses with multiple abutments. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 2004 Mar-Apr;19(2):192-8. PMID: 15101589.
• 10. Keskin Özyer E, Kahramanoğlu E, Aslan YU, Özkan Y. İmplant Destekli Protetik Restorasyonlarda Kullanılan Ölçü Yöntemleri ve Materyalleri: Derleme. European Journal of Research in Dentistry. 2019; 3(2), 124-132. https://doi.org/10.35333/ERD.2019.101
• 11. Carr AB. Comparison of impression techniques for a two-implant 15-degree divergent model. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 1992 Winter;7(4):468-75. PMID: 1299642.
• 12. Choi JH, Lim YJ, Yim SH, Kim CW. Evaluation of the accuracy of implant-level impression techniques for internal-connection implant prostheses in parallel and divergent models. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 2007 Sep-Oct;22(5):761-8. PMID: 17974110.
• 13. Prithviraj, D.R., Pujari, M.L., Garg, P., & Shruthi, D. Accuracy of the implant impression obtained from different impression materials and techniques: review. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Dentistry. 2011; 3, 106-111. doi:10.4317/jced.3.e106
• 14. Gayathridevi, S. K., Harshita Gowda and Vaishali, K. Suma. Impression Techniques in Implants, Journal of Dental & Oro-facial Research. 2016;12(2),11 – 19.
• 15. Buzayan M, Baig MR, Yunus N. Evaluation of accuracy of complete-arch multiple-unit abutment-level dental implant impressions using different impression and splinting materials. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 2013 Nov-Dec;28(6):1512-20. doi: 10.11607/jomi.2958. PMID: 24278919.
• 16. Hochwald DA. Surgical template impression during stage I surgery for fabrication of a provisional restoration to be placed at stage II surgery. J Prosthet Dent. 1991 Dec;66(6):796-8. doi: 10.1016/0022-3913(91)90419-w. PMID: 1805033.
• 17. Kupeyan HK, Lang BR. The role of the implant impression in abutment selection: a technical note. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 1995 Jul-Aug;10(4):429-33. PMID: 7672844.
• 18. Corrente G, Vergnano L, Pascetta R, Ramadori G. A new custom-made abutment for dental implants: a technical note. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 1995 Sep-Oct;10(5):604-8. PMID: 7591006.
• 19. Alikhasi M, Siadat H, Monzavi A, Momen-Heravi F. Three-dimensional accuracy of implant and abutment level impression techniques: effect on marginal discrepancy. J Oral Implantol. 2011 Dec;37(6):649-57. doi: 10.1563/AAID-JOI-D-09-00112.1. Epub 2010 Jun 16. PMID: 20594060.
• 20. Uludag B, Ozturk O, Celik G. Alternate functional impression technique for implant-retained overdentures. J Prosthet Dent. 2007 Apr;97(4):242-3. doi: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2007.02.010. PMID: 17499095.
• 21. Wenz HJ, Hertrampf K. Accuracy of impressions and casts using different implant impression techniques in a multi-implant system with an internal hex connection. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 2008 Jan-Feb;23(1):39-47. PMID: 18416411.
• 22. Al-Kaisy, N. A Survey of Prosthodontics Techniques Applied by Dental Practitioners in Sulaimani City. Journal of baghdad college of dentistry. 2016;28, 22-29. DOI:10.12816/0031104
• 23. Tabesh M, Alikhasi M, Siadat H. A Comparison of implant impression precision: Different materials and techniques. J Clin Exp Dent. 2018 Feb 1;10(2):e151-e157. doi: 10.4317/jced.54457. PMID: 29670733; PMCID: PMC5899798.
• 24. Conrad HJ, Pesun IJ, DeLong R, Hodges JS. Accuracy of two impression techniques with angulated implants. J Prosthet Dent. 2007 Jun;97(6):349-56. doi: 10.1016/S0022-3913(07)60023-7. PMID: 17618917.
• 25. Mirebani A. , Najafova L. , Sarı T. , Kurtulmuş H. İmplant üstü geleneksel ölçü yöntem, teknik ve malzemelerinin karşılaştırmalı olarak gözden geçirilmesi: Sistematik bir güncelleme. Aydın Dental Journal. 2019; 5(1): 27-50.
• 26. Lee SJ, Cho SB. Accuracy of five implant impression technique: effect of splinting materials and methods. J Adv Prosthodont. 2011 Dec;3(4):177-85. doi: 10.4047/jap.2011.3.4.177. Epub 2011 Dec 28. PMID: 22259700; PMCID: PMC3259442.
• 27. Del Acqua MA, Chavez AM, Castanharo SM, Compagnoni MA, Mollo Fde A Jr. The effect of splint material rigidity in implant impression techniques. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 2010 Nov-Dec;25(6):1153-8. PMID: 21197492.
• 28. de Avila ED, de Matos Moraes F, Castanharo SM, Del'Acqua MA, de Assis Mollo F Jr. Effect of splinting in accuracy of two implant impression techniques. J Oral Implantol. 2014 Dec;40(6):633-9. doi: 10.1563/AAID-JOI-D-12-00198. PMID: 25506658.
• 29. Del'Acqua MA, Chávez AM, Compagnoni MA, Molo Fde A Jr. Accuracy of impression techniques for an implant-supported prosthesis. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 2010 Jul-Aug;25(4):715-21. PMID: 20657866.
• 30. Fernandez MA, Paez de Mendoza CY, Platt JA, Levon JA, Hovijitra ST, Nimmo A. A comparative study of the accuracy between plastic and metal impression transfer copings for implant restorations. J Prosthodont. 2013 Jul;22(5):367-76. doi: 10.1111/jopr.12015. Epub 2013 Feb 6. PMID: 23387412.
• 31. Filho HG, Mazaro JV, Vedovatto E, Assunção WG, dos Santos PH. Accuracy of impression techniques for implants. Part 2 - comparison of splinting techniques. J Prosthodont. 2009 Feb;18(2):172-6. doi: 10.1111/j.1532-849X.2008.00325.x. Epub 2008 Oct 13. PMID: 19178624.
• 32. Assunção WG, Britto RC, Ricardo Barão VA, Delben JA, dos Santos PH. Evaluation of impression accuracy for implant at various angulations. Implant Dent. 2010 Apr;19(2):167-74. doi: 10.1097/ID.0b013e3181cd715f. PMID: 20386220.
• 33. Faria JC, Silva-Concílio LR, Neves AC, Miranda ME, Teixeira ML. Evaluation of the accuracy of different transfer impression techniques for multiple implants. Braz Oral Res. 2011 Mar-Apr;25(2):163-7. doi: 10.1590/s1806-83242011000200011. PMID: 21537642.
• 34. Osman MS, Ziada HM, Abubakr NH, Suliman AM. Implant impression accuracy of parallel and non-parallel implants: a comparative in-vitro analysis of open and closed tray techniques. Int J Implant Dent. 2019 Feb 19;5(1):4. doi: 10.1186/s40729-019-0159-5. PMID: 30778790; PMCID: PMC6379502.
• 35. Humphries RM, Yaman P, Bloem TJ. The accuracy of implant master casts constructed from transfer impressions. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 1990 Winter;5(4):331-6. PMID: 2094651.
• 36. Şengün, E. , Çömlekoğlu, M. E. , Dündar Çömlekoğlu, M. & Yılmaz, G. İmplant destekli restorasyonlarda kullanılan ölçü teknikleri: derleme. Ondokuz mayıs üniversitesi diş hekimliği fakültesi Dergisi. 2016;13, 37-43.
• 37. Tsagkalidis G, Tortopidis D, Mpikos P, Kaisarlis G, Koidis P. Accuracy of 3 different impression techniques for internal connection angulated implants. J Prosthet Dent. 2015 Oct;114(4):517-23. doi: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2015.05.005. Epub 2015 Jul 26. PMID: 26213265.
• 38. Ismail IA, Alhajj MN. Accuracy of different impression techniques for multiunit implant restoration: A qualitative in vitro study. J Prosthet Dent. 2020 Dec;124(6):729.e1-729.e5. doi: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2020.04.025. Epub 2020 Jul 22. PMID: 32709404.
• 39. Arieli A, Adawi M, Masri M, Weinberg E, Beitlitum I, Pilo R, Levartovsky S. The Accuracy of Open-Tray vs. Snap on Impression Techniques in A 6-Implant Model: An In Vitro 3D Study. Materials (Basel). 2022 Mar 12;15(6):2103. doi: 10.3390/ma15062103. PMID: 35329555; PMCID: PMC8950925.
• 40. Mpikos P, Kafantaris N, Tortopidis D, Galanis C, Kaisarlis G, Koidis P. The effect of impression technique and implant angulation on the impression accuracy of external- and internal-connection implants. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 2012 Nov-Dec;27(6):1422-8. Erratum in: Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 2013 Jan-Feb;28(1):43. Kafantaris, Nikolaos [added]. PMID: 23189292.
• 41. Rashidan N, Alikhasi M, Samadizadeh S, Beyabanaki E, Kharazifard MJ. Accuracy of implant impressions with different impression coping types and shapes. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res. 2012 Apr;14(2):218-25. doi: 10.1111/j.1708-8208.2009.00241.x. Epub 2009 Oct 5. PMID: 19804420.
• 42. Dailey B, Jordan L, Blind O, Tavernier B. Axial displacement of abutments into implants and implant replicas, with the tapered cone-screw internal connection, as a function of tightening torque. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 2009 Mar-Apr;24(2):251-6. PMID: 19492640.
• 43. Ting-Shu S, Jian S. Intraoral Digital Impression Technique: A Review. J Prosthodont. 2015 Jun;24(4):313-21. doi: 10.1111/jopr.12218. Epub 2014 Sep 14. PMID: 25220390.
• 44. Carneiro Pereira AL, Souza Curinga MR, Melo Segundo HV, da Fonte Porto Carreiro A. Factors that influence the accuracy of intraoral scanning of total edentulous arches rehabilitated with multiple implants: A systematic review. J Prosthet Dent. 2023 Jun;129(6):855-862. doi: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2021.09.001. Epub 2021 Oct 13. PMID: 34656307.
• 45. Bakıç H, Kocacıklı M, Korkmaz T. Diş Hekimliğinde Güncel İntraoral Tarayıcılar. Ata Diş Hek Fak Derg. 2021;31(2):289-304. doi:10.17567/ataunidfd.713422
• 46. Gómez-Polo M, Sallorenzo A, Ortega R, Gómez-Polo C, Barmak AB, Att W, Revilla-León M. Influence of implant angulation and clinical implant scan body height on the accuracy of complete arch intraoral digital scans. J Prosthet Dent. 2024 Jan;131(1):119-127. doi: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2021.11.018. Epub 2022 Mar 23. PMID: 35337658.
• 47. Dutton E, Ludlow M, Mennito A, Kelly A, Evans Z, Culp A, Kessler R, Renne W. The effect different substrates have on the trueness and precision of eight different intraoral scanners. J Esthet Restor Dent. 2020 Mar;32(2):204-218. doi: 10.1111/jerd.12528. Epub 2019 Sep 30. PMID: 31568660.
• 48. Ajioka H, Kihara H, Odaira C, Kobayashi T, Kondo H. Examination of the Position Accuracy of Implant Abutments Reproduced by Intra-Oral Optical Impression. PLoS One. 2016 Oct 5;11(10):e0164048. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0164048. PMID: 27706225; PMCID: PMC5052018.
• 49. Chia VA, Esguerra RJ, Teoh KH, Teo JW, Wong KM, Tan KB. In Vitro Three-Dimensional Accuracy of Digital Implant Impressions: The Effect of Implant Angulation. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 2017 Mar/Apr;32(2):313–321. doi: 10.11607/jomi.5087. Epub 2017 Feb 23. PMID: 28231346.
• 50. Gimenez-Gonzalez B, Hassan B, Özcan M, Pradíes G. An In Vitro Study of Factors Influencing the Performance of Digital Intraoral Impressions Operating on Active Wavefront Sampling Technology with Multiple Implants in the Edentulous Maxilla. J Prosthodont. 2017 Dec;26(8):650-655. doi: 10.1111/jopr.12457. Epub 2016 Mar 2. PMID: 26934046.
• 51. Mangano FG, Hauschild U, Veronesi G, Imburgia M, Mangano C, Admakin O. Trueness and precision of 5 intraoral scanners in the impressions of single and multiple implants: a comparative in vitro study. BMC Oral Health. 2019 Jun 6;19(1):101. doi: 10.1186/s12903-019-0792-7. PMID: 31170969; PMCID: PMC6555024.
• 52. Renne W, Ludlow M, Fryml J, Schurch Z, Mennito A, Kessler R, Lauer A. Evaluation of the accuracy of 7 digital scanners: An in vitro analysis based on 3-dimensional comparisons. J Prosthet Dent. 2017 Jul;118(1):36-42. doi: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2016.09.024. Epub 2016 Dec 23. PMID: 28024822.
• 53. Menini M, Setti P, Pera F, Pera P, Pesce P. Accuracy of multi-unit implant impression: traditional techniques versus a digital procedure. Clin Oral Investig. 2018 Apr;22(3):1253-1262. doi: 10.1007/s00784-017-2217-9. Epub 2017 Sep 30. PMID: 28965251.
• 54. Amin S, Weber HP, Finkelman M, El Rafie K, Kudara Y, Papaspyridakos P. Digital vs. conventional full-arch implant impressions: a comparative study. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2017 Nov;28(11):1360-1367. doi: 10.1111/clr.12994. Epub 2016 Dec 31. PMID: 28039903.
• 55. Alikhasi M, Siadat H, Nasirpour A, Hasanzade M. Three-Dimensional Accuracy of Digital Impression versus Conventional Method: Effect of Implant Angulation and Connection Type. Int J Dent. 2018 Jun 4;2018:3761750. doi: 10.1155/2018/3761750. PMID: 29971107; PMCID: PMC6008832.
• 56. Giménez B, Özcan M, Martínez-Rus F, Pradíes G. Accuracy of a digital impression system based on active wavefront sampling technology for implants considering operator experience, implant angulation, and depth. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res. 2015 Jan;17 Suppl 1:e54-64. doi: 10.1111/cid.12124. Epub 2013 Jul 24. PMID: 23879869.
• 57. Marques S, Ribeiro P, Falcão C, Lemos BF, Ríos-Carrasco B, Ríos-Santos JV, Herrero-Climent M. Digital Impressions in Implant Dentistry: A Literature Review. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Jan 24;18(3):1020. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18031020. PMID: 33498902; PMCID: PMC7908474.
• 58. Revilla-León M, Lanis A, Yilmaz B, Kois JC, Gallucci GO. Intraoral digital implant scans: Parameters to improve accuracy. J Prosthodont. 2023 Dec;32(S2):150-164. doi: 10.1111/jopr.13749. Epub 2023 Sep 8. PMID: 37586762.
• 59. Mizumoto RM, Yilmaz B. Intraoral scan bodies in implant dentistry: A systematic review. J Prosthet Dent. 2018 Sep;120(3):343-352. doi: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2017.10.029. Epub 2018 Apr 5. PMID: 29627211.
• 60. Pachiou A, Zervou E, Tsirogiannis P, Sykaras N, Tortopidis D, Kourtis S. Characteristics of intraoral scan bodies and their influence on impression accuracy: A systematic review. J Esthet Restor Dent. 2023 Dec;35(8):1205-1217. doi: 10.1111/jerd.13074. Epub 2023 Jun 28. PMID: 37381677.
• 61. Arcuri L, Pozzi A, Lio F, Rompen E, Zechner W, Nardi A. Influence of implant scanbody material, position and operator on the accuracy of digital impression for complete-arch: A randomized in vitro trial. J Prosthodont Res. 2020 Apr;64(2):128-136. doi: 10.1016/j.jpor.2019.06.001. Epub 2019 Jun 27. PMID: 31255546.
• 62. Imburgia M, Logozzo S, Hauschild U, Veronesi G, Mangano C, Mangano FG. Accuracy of four intraoral scanners in oral implantology: a comparative in vitro study. BMC Oral Health. 2017 Jun 2;17(1):92. doi: 10.1186/s12903-017-0383-4. PMID: 28577366; PMCID: PMC5455075.
• 63. Mizumoto RM, Yilmaz B, McGlumphy EA Jr, Seidt J, Johnston WM. Accuracy of different digital scanning techniques and scan bodies for complete-arch implant-supported prostheses. J Prosthet Dent. 2020 Jan;123(1):96-104. doi: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2019.01.003. Epub 2019 Apr 27. PMID: 31040026.
• 64. Kao TY, Hsieh MC, Hsu CP, Liao CC, Chang CL. Accuracy of digital impressions for three-unit and four-unit implant supported fixed dental prostheses using a novel device. J Dent Sci. 2023 Apr;18(2):702-708. doi: 10.1016/j.jds.2022.10.014. Epub 2022 Nov 5. PMID: 37021250; PMCID: PMC10068367.
• 65. Ke Y, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Chen H, Sun Y. Comparing the accuracy of full-arch implant impressions using the conventional technique and digital scans with and without prefabricated landmarks in the mandible: An in vitro study. J Dent. 2023 Aug;135:104561. doi: 10.1016/j.jdent.2023.104561. Epub 2023 May 24. PMID: 37236297.
• 66. Pozzi A, Arcuri L, Lio F, Papa A, Nardi A, Londono J. Accuracy of complete-arch digital implant impression with or without scanbody splinting: An in vitro study. J Dent. 2022 Apr;119:104072. doi: 10.1016/j.jdent.2022.104072. Epub 2022 Feb 19. PMID: 35189313.
• 67. Kernen FR, Recca M, Vach K, Nahles S, Nelson K, Flügge TV. In vitro scanning accuracy using different aids for multiple implants in the edentulous arch. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2022 Oct;33(10):1010-1020. doi: 10.1111/clr.13982. Epub 2022 Jul 28. PMID: 35861128.
• 68. Wu HK, Chen G, Zhang Z, Lin X, Huang X, Deng F, Li Y. Effect of artificial landmarks of the prefabricated auxiliary devices located at different arch positions on the accuracy of complete-arch edentulous digital implant scanning: An in-vitro study. J Dent. 2024 Jan;140:104802. doi: 10.1016/j.jdent.2023.104802. Epub 2023 Dec 8. PMID: 38072336.
• 69. Gómez-Polo M, Cascos R, Ortega R, Barmak AB, Kois JC, Revilla-León M. Influence of arch location and scanning pattern on the scanning accuracy, scanning time, and number of photograms of complete-arch intraoral digital implant scans. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2023 Jun;34(6):591-601. doi: 10.1111/clr.14069. Epub 2023 Apr 13. PMID: 37052054.