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Skill Concept in Dental Education: 21st Century Skills

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 5, 21 - 36, 02.12.2019
https://doi.org/10.15311/selcukdentj.568429

Öz




Professional skills are
basically considered in dental education when the skill concept is mentioned as
a training activity. However, students in a professional undergraduate program
such as dentistry are expected to not only be clinically competent upon graduation
but also to exhibit good 21st century skills such as  communication, critical thinking and
problem-solving, teamwork, leadership, professional ethics and morals, lifelong
learning and entrepreneurship in order to serve the society at large. Dentists
to have good soft skills can easily increase the patient satisfaction and the benefits
from dental treatment while decreasing the patient anxiety and patient
complaints. Soft skills have a great affect on 
dentists’ to be able to follow update dental technology and treatments,
to manage cases requiring challenging treatment planning and to cooperate with
interprofessional behaviors. Therefore soft skill training has to take place in
the curriculum development of dental faculties to be able to have competent graduates.

Key words: dental
education, skill training, soft skills, 21st century skills




Kaynakça

  • 1. Koole S, Brulle SVD, Christiaens V, Jacquet W, Cosyn J, De Bruyn H. Competence profiles in undergraduate dental education: a comparison between theory and reality. BMC Oral Health 2017; 17:109-17.
  • 2. ADEA. ADEA foundation knowledge and skills for the new general dentist (as approved by the 2011 ADEA house of delegates). J Dent Educ. 2013;77:903–7.
  • 3. Koole S, Vandeweghe S, Mattheos N, De Bruyn H. Implant dentistry education in Europe: 5 years after the Association for Dental Education in Europe consensus report. Eur J Dent Educ. 2014;18:43–51.
  • 4. Clark JD, Robertson LJ, Harden RM. Applying learning outcomes to dental education. Br Dent J. 2004;196:357–9.
  • 5. Cowpe J, Plasschaert A, Harzer W, Vinkka-Puhakka H, Walmsley AD. Profile and competences for the graduating dentist – update 2009. Eur J Dent Educ. 2010;14:193–202.
  • 6. Gerrow JD, Murphy HJ, Boyd MA. Review and revision of the competencies for a beginning dental practitioner in Canada. J Can Dent Assoc. 2007;73:157–60.
  • 7. Hsu TC, Tsai SSL, Chang JZC, Yu SH, Lai EHH, Lin CP. Core competencies for dental graduates in Taiwan: considering local and cultural issues. J Dent Sci. 2015;11:161–6.
  • 8. Chuenjitwongsa S, Oliver RG, Bullock AD. Competence, competency-based education, and undergraduate dental education: a discussion paper. Eur J Dent Educ 2016; 22:1–8.
  • 9. Chestnutt IG, Gibson J. Clinical dentistry. London, UK: Elsevier Health Sciences, 2007.
  • 10. Sweet J, Wilson J, Pugsley L. Chairside teaching and the perceptions of dental teachers in the UK. Br Dent J 2008: 205:565–569.
  • 11. Burrows RS. Understanding self-assessment in undergraduate dental education. British Dent J 2018; 224:897-900.
  • 12. Albino JE, Young SK, Neumann LM, Kramer GA, Andrieu SC, Henson L. Assessing dental students’ competence: best practice recommendations in the performance assessment literature and investigation of current practices in predoctoral dental education. J Dent Educ 2008;72:1405-35.
  • 13. Bertoli E, Lawson KP, Bishop SS. Dental Students’ Skills Assessments: Comparisons of Daily Clinical Grades and Clinical and Laboratory Assessments. J Dent Educ 2018; 82:417-23.
  • 14. Linn, R. L. and Gronlund, N. E. Measurement and assesment in teaching.7th edn. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall Inc. 1995.
  • 15. Sönmez V. Program geliştirmede öğretmen el kitabı. Ankara: Anı Yayıncılık. 2003.
  • 16. mcKeachie W J, Pintrich P R, Liny G. Teaching learning strategies. Educational Psychologist, 1985; 20:153-60.
  • 17. Chalmers D, Fuller R. Research and a Professional development programme on teaching learning strategies as part of course content. International Journal for Academic Development 1999; 4:28-33.
  • 18. Senemoğlu N. Gelişim Öğrenme Öğretim. 12. Baskı, Ankara, Gazi Kitapevi, 2005; sayfa:558.
  • 19. Konakcı S, Velipaşaoğlu S, Musal B. Tıp fakültesi öğrencilerinde öğrenme stratejileri alanında bir çalışma. Tıp Eğitimi Dünyası. 2017;50:31-42.
  • 20. Kereluik K, Mishra P, Fahnoe C, Terry L. What knowledge is of most worth: teacher knowledge for 21st century learning. J Digital Learn Teach Educ 2013;29:127-40.
  • 21. DUÇEP. Mezuniyet Öncesi Diş Hekimliği Eğitimi Ulusal Çekirdek Eğitimi Programı. Diş Hekimliği Dekanlar Konseyi, 2016.
  • 22. Gonzalez MAG, Abu Kasim NH, Naimie Z. Soft skills and dental education. European J Dent Educ, 2013;17:73-82.
  • 23. Quieng MC, Lim PP, Lucas MRD. 21st Century-based Soft Skills: Spotlight on Non-cognitive Skills in a Cognitive-laden Dentistry Program. European J Contemp Educ 2015;11:71-81.
  • 24. Hottel TL, Hardigan PC. Improvement in interpersonal communication skills of dental students. J Dent Educ 2005;69:281-4.
  • 25. Khatami S, Macentee MI. Evolution of clinical reasoning in dental education. Dent Educ 2011:75:321-8.
  • 26. Carey JA, Madill A, Manogue M. Communication skills in dental education: a systematic review. Eur J Dent Educ 2010;14:69-78.
  • 27. Yoshida T, Milgrom P, Coldwell S. How do US and Canadian dental schools teach interpersonal communication skills? J Dent Educ 2002: 66: 1281-8.
  • 28. Nor NA, Yusof ZY, Shahidan MN. University of Malaya dental students’ attitudes towards communication skills learning: implications for dental education. J Dent Educ 2011;75: 1611-9.
  • 29. Sharp HM, Kuthy RA, Heller KE. Ethical dilemmas reported by fourth-year dental students. J Dent Educ 2005:69:1116–22.
  • 30. Scott JE, de Vries J, Iacopino AM. 25-year analysis of a dental undergraduate research training program (BSc Dent) at the University of Manitoba Faculty of Dentistry. J Dent Res 2008;87:1085–8.
  • 31. Dunning DG, Lange BM, Madden RD, Tacha KK. Prerequisites in behavioral science and business: opportunities for dental education. J Dent Educ 2011;75:77–81.
  • 32. Sherman JJ, Cramer A. Measurement of changes in empathy during dental school. J Dent Educ 2005;69: 338–45.
  • 33. Wener ME, Sch€onwetter DJ, Mazurat N. Developing new dental communication skills assessment tools by including patients and other stakeholders. J Dent Educ 2011;75:1527-41.
  • 34. Rouse RA, Hamilton MA. Dentists’ technical competence, communication, and personality as predictors of dental patient anxiety. J Behav Med 1990;13:307-19.
  • 35. Huntington B, Kuhn N. Communication gaffes: A root cause of malpractice claims. Proc (Bayl Univ Med Cent) 2003;16:157-61.
  • 36. Prakash T, Philip JM, Abraham HM, Venkatakrishnan JV, Chandran CR. Attitude toward dental communication skills among students in a south indian dental college. Drug İnvent Today 2018;10:1493-5.
  • 37. R€uttermann S, Sobotta A, Hahn P, Kiessling C and H€artl A. Teaching and assessment of communication skills in undergraduate dental education – a survey in Germanspeaking countries Eur J Dent Educ 2017;21:151-8.
  • 38. Coelho C, Pooler J, Lloyd H. Using patients as educators for communication skills: Exploring dental students’ and patients’ views. Eur J Dent Educ. 2018;22:291–9.
  • 39. Jha V, Quinton ND, Bekker HL, Roberts TE. What educators and students really think about using patients as teachers in medical education: a qualitative study. Med Educ. 2009;43:449‐56.
  • 40. Henriksen A-H, Ringsted C. Learning from patients: students’ perceptions of patient-instructors. Med Educ. 2011;45:913‐9.
  • 41. Ayn C, Robinson L, Nason A, Lovas J.Determining Recommendations for Improvement of Communication Skills Training in Dental Education: A Scoping Review. J Dent Educ 2017;81:479-88.
  • 42. White JG, Krüger C, Snyman WD. Development and implementation of communication skills in dentistry: an example from South Africa. Eur J Dent Educ 2008;12:29-34.
  • 43. Lanning SK, Ranson SL, Willett RM. Communication skills instruction utilizing interdisciplinary peer teachers: program development and student perceptions. J Dent Educ 2008;72:172-82.
  • 44. Croft P, White D, Wiskin C, Allan T. Evaluation by dental students of a communication skills course using professional role-players in a UK school of dentistry. Eur J Dent Educ 2005;9:2-9.
  • 45. McKenzie CT. Dental student attitudes towards communication skills instruction and clinical application. J Dent Educ 2014;78:1388-96.
  • 46. Venturin JS, Durall PS, Enciso R, et al. Comparing methods of cultural competency training and assessment in a predoctoral dental course. J Dent Educ 2013;77:476-84.
  • 47. Memarpour M, Bazrafkan L, Zarei Z. Assessment of dental students’ communication skills with patients. J Adv Med Educ Prof 2016;4:33.
  • 48. Lucander H, Knutsson K, Sale H, Jonsson A. “I’ll never forget this”: evaluating a pilot workshop in ef¬fective communication for dental students. J Dent Educ 2012;76:1311-6.
  • 49. Hendricson WD, Andrieu SC, Chadwick DG, Chmar JE, Cole JR, George MC. Educational strategies associated with development of problem-solving, critical thinking, and self-directed learning. J Dent Educ 2006;70:925-36.
  • 50. Johnsen DC, Marshall TA, Finkelstein MW, Cunningham-Ford MA, Straub-Morarend CL, Holmes DC. A model for overview of student learning: a matrix of educational outcomes versus methodologies. J Dent Educ 2011;75:160-8.
  • 51. Johnsen DC, Finkelstein MW, Marshall TA, Chalkley YM. A model for critical thinking measurement of dental student performance. J Dent Educ 2009;73:177-83.
  • 52. Behar-Horenstein LS, Schneider-Mitchell G, Graff R. Promoting the teaching of critical thinking skills through faculty development. J Dent Educ 2009;73:665-75.
  • 53. Razak IA, Latifah RR, Jaafar N, Abu HassanMI, Ab Murat N. Assessing the competency of University of Malaya dental graduates: employers’ and graduates’ perception. J Dent Educ 2008;72:364-9.
  • 54. Yusof ZY, Jaafar N, Jallaludin RL, Abu-Hassan MI, Razak IA. Malaysian dental graduates’ competence in holistic care: what do graduates and employers think? J Dent Educ 2010;74: 1380-7.
  • 55. Benbelaid R, Dot D, Levy G, Eid N. Difficulties encountered at the beginning of professional life: results of a 2003 pilot survey among undergraduate students in Paris Rene Descartes University (France). Eur J Dent Educ 2006;10:204-9.
  • 56. Chambers DW. Lessons from students in a critical thinking course: a case for the third pedagogy. J Dent Educ 2009;73:65–85.
  • 57. Montini T, Noble AQA, Stelfox HT. Content analysis of patient complaints. Int J Qual Health Care 2008;20:412-20.
  • 58. Marshall TA, Marchini L, Cowen H, Hartshorn JE, Holloway JA, Straub-Morarend JL, Gratton D, Solow CM et al. Critical Thinking Theory to Practice: Using the Expert’s Thought Process as Guide for Learning and Assessment. J Dent Educ 2017;81:978-85.
  • 59. Field J, Ellis J, Abbas C, Germain P. Teaching and assessment of professional attitudes in UK dental schools - commentary. Eur J Dent Educ 2010;14:133-5.
  • 60. Leisnert L, Karlsson M, Franklin I, Lindh L, Wretlind K. Improving teamwork between students from two professional programmes in dental education. Eur J Dent Educ 2012;16:17–26.
  • 61. Victoroff KZ, Schneider K, Perry C. Leadership development for dental students: what do students think? J Dent Educ 2008;72:982-8.
  • 62. Victoroff KZ, Schneider K, Perry C. Tomorrow’s leaders, starting today: a pilot leadership development program for dental students. J Dent Educ 2009;73:311-8.
  • 63. Kalenderian E, Skoulas A, Timoth e P, Friedland B. Integrating leadership into a practice management curriculum for dental students. Dent Educ 2010;74:464-71.
  • 64. Brondani MA, Rossoff LP. The “hot seat” experience: a multifaceted approach to the teaching of ethics in a dental curriculum. J Dent Educ 2010;74:1220-9.
  • 65. Lantz MS, Bebeau MJ, Zarkowski P. The status of ethics teaching and learning in U.S. dental schools. J Dent Educ 2011;75:1295-309.
  • 66. Redwood C, Winning T, Lekkas D, Townsend G. Improving clinical assessment: evaluating students’ ability to identify and apply clinical criteria. Eur J Dent Educ 2010;14:136-44.
  • 67. Polyzois I, Claffey N, Attstr€om R, Kelly A, Mattheos N. The role of the curriculum and other factors in determining the medium- and long-term attitude of the practicing dentist towards life-long learning. Eur J Dent Educ 2010;14:84–91.
  • 68. Harvey BJ, Rothman AI, Frecker RC. Effect of an undergraduate medical curriculum on students’ self-directed learning. Acad Med 2003;78:1259-65.
  • 69. Barman A, Jaafar R, Naing NN. Perception of students about the problem-based learning sessions conducted for medical and dental schools’ students of Universiti Sains Malaysia. Educ Health, 2006;19:363-8.
  • 70. Sch€onwetter DJ, Wener ME, Mazurat N. Determining the validity and reliability of clinical communication assessment tools for dental patients and students. J Dent Educ 2012;76:1276-90.
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  • 74. Hannah A, Lim BT, Ayers KMS. Emotional intelligence and clinical interview performance of dental students. J Dent Educ 2009;73:1107-17.
  • 75. Schönwetter DJ, Wener ME, Mazurat N. Determining the validity and reliability of clinical communication assessment tools for dental patients and students. J Dent Educ 2012;76:1276-90.
  • 76. Ihm JJ, Lee G, Kim KK, et al. Who succeeds at dental school? Factors predicting students’ academic performance in a dental school in Republic of Korea. J Dent Educ 2013;77:1616-23.
  • 77. Stacey DG, Kurunathan TM. Noncognitive indicators as critical predictors of students’ performance in dental school. J Dent Educ 2015;79:1402-10.
  • 78. Virtue SM, Pendergast L, Tellez M, Waldron E, Ismail A. Identifying noncognitive skills that contribute to dental students’ success: dental faculty perspectives. J Dent Educ 2017; 81:300-9.
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Diş Hekimliği Eğitiminde Beceri Kavramı: 21. Yüzyıl Becerileri

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 5, 21 - 36, 02.12.2019
https://doi.org/10.15311/selcukdentj.568429

Öz

Amaç: 




Diş
hekimliğinde beceri kavramı; akla mesleki becerileri getirir. Oysa ki; mezun
diş hekimlerinin sadece klinik beceri kazanmakla kalmayıp, topluma iyi hizmet
sunabilmek için - iletişim, düşünme ve problem çözme, takım çalışması gücü,
hayat boyu öğrenme ve bilgi yönetimi, girişimcilik, etik, ahlak ve
profesyonellik ve liderlik gibi -  21.
yüzyıl becerilerine sahip olmaları da gerekir. Hekimlerin etkili uyum
becerisine sahip olması durumunda, hasta memnuniyetinin ve tedaviden sağlanan
faydanın arttığı; hasta anksiyetesinin ve hasta şikayetlerinin azaldığı
bilinmektedir. Diş hekimlerinin tedavi uygulamalarında güncel bilgi ve
becerileri yakalamaları, zor tedavi planlamalarını başedebilmeleri, çalışma
ortamlarındaki işbirlikçi çalışmaya uyum sağlamaları açısından da uyum
becerilerinin önemi büyüktür. Yetkin mezunların yetiştirilmesi için
fakültelerin müfredatlarında uyum becerisi eğitimine de yer vermeleri beklenir.

Anahtar kelimeler: diş hekimliği eğitimi, beceri eğitimi, 21. yüzyıl
becerileri.




Kaynakça

  • 1. Koole S, Brulle SVD, Christiaens V, Jacquet W, Cosyn J, De Bruyn H. Competence profiles in undergraduate dental education: a comparison between theory and reality. BMC Oral Health 2017; 17:109-17.
  • 2. ADEA. ADEA foundation knowledge and skills for the new general dentist (as approved by the 2011 ADEA house of delegates). J Dent Educ. 2013;77:903–7.
  • 3. Koole S, Vandeweghe S, Mattheos N, De Bruyn H. Implant dentistry education in Europe: 5 years after the Association for Dental Education in Europe consensus report. Eur J Dent Educ. 2014;18:43–51.
  • 4. Clark JD, Robertson LJ, Harden RM. Applying learning outcomes to dental education. Br Dent J. 2004;196:357–9.
  • 5. Cowpe J, Plasschaert A, Harzer W, Vinkka-Puhakka H, Walmsley AD. Profile and competences for the graduating dentist – update 2009. Eur J Dent Educ. 2010;14:193–202.
  • 6. Gerrow JD, Murphy HJ, Boyd MA. Review and revision of the competencies for a beginning dental practitioner in Canada. J Can Dent Assoc. 2007;73:157–60.
  • 7. Hsu TC, Tsai SSL, Chang JZC, Yu SH, Lai EHH, Lin CP. Core competencies for dental graduates in Taiwan: considering local and cultural issues. J Dent Sci. 2015;11:161–6.
  • 8. Chuenjitwongsa S, Oliver RG, Bullock AD. Competence, competency-based education, and undergraduate dental education: a discussion paper. Eur J Dent Educ 2016; 22:1–8.
  • 9. Chestnutt IG, Gibson J. Clinical dentistry. London, UK: Elsevier Health Sciences, 2007.
  • 10. Sweet J, Wilson J, Pugsley L. Chairside teaching and the perceptions of dental teachers in the UK. Br Dent J 2008: 205:565–569.
  • 11. Burrows RS. Understanding self-assessment in undergraduate dental education. British Dent J 2018; 224:897-900.
  • 12. Albino JE, Young SK, Neumann LM, Kramer GA, Andrieu SC, Henson L. Assessing dental students’ competence: best practice recommendations in the performance assessment literature and investigation of current practices in predoctoral dental education. J Dent Educ 2008;72:1405-35.
  • 13. Bertoli E, Lawson KP, Bishop SS. Dental Students’ Skills Assessments: Comparisons of Daily Clinical Grades and Clinical and Laboratory Assessments. J Dent Educ 2018; 82:417-23.
  • 14. Linn, R. L. and Gronlund, N. E. Measurement and assesment in teaching.7th edn. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall Inc. 1995.
  • 15. Sönmez V. Program geliştirmede öğretmen el kitabı. Ankara: Anı Yayıncılık. 2003.
  • 16. mcKeachie W J, Pintrich P R, Liny G. Teaching learning strategies. Educational Psychologist, 1985; 20:153-60.
  • 17. Chalmers D, Fuller R. Research and a Professional development programme on teaching learning strategies as part of course content. International Journal for Academic Development 1999; 4:28-33.
  • 18. Senemoğlu N. Gelişim Öğrenme Öğretim. 12. Baskı, Ankara, Gazi Kitapevi, 2005; sayfa:558.
  • 19. Konakcı S, Velipaşaoğlu S, Musal B. Tıp fakültesi öğrencilerinde öğrenme stratejileri alanında bir çalışma. Tıp Eğitimi Dünyası. 2017;50:31-42.
  • 20. Kereluik K, Mishra P, Fahnoe C, Terry L. What knowledge is of most worth: teacher knowledge for 21st century learning. J Digital Learn Teach Educ 2013;29:127-40.
  • 21. DUÇEP. Mezuniyet Öncesi Diş Hekimliği Eğitimi Ulusal Çekirdek Eğitimi Programı. Diş Hekimliği Dekanlar Konseyi, 2016.
  • 22. Gonzalez MAG, Abu Kasim NH, Naimie Z. Soft skills and dental education. European J Dent Educ, 2013;17:73-82.
  • 23. Quieng MC, Lim PP, Lucas MRD. 21st Century-based Soft Skills: Spotlight on Non-cognitive Skills in a Cognitive-laden Dentistry Program. European J Contemp Educ 2015;11:71-81.
  • 24. Hottel TL, Hardigan PC. Improvement in interpersonal communication skills of dental students. J Dent Educ 2005;69:281-4.
  • 25. Khatami S, Macentee MI. Evolution of clinical reasoning in dental education. Dent Educ 2011:75:321-8.
  • 26. Carey JA, Madill A, Manogue M. Communication skills in dental education: a systematic review. Eur J Dent Educ 2010;14:69-78.
  • 27. Yoshida T, Milgrom P, Coldwell S. How do US and Canadian dental schools teach interpersonal communication skills? J Dent Educ 2002: 66: 1281-8.
  • 28. Nor NA, Yusof ZY, Shahidan MN. University of Malaya dental students’ attitudes towards communication skills learning: implications for dental education. J Dent Educ 2011;75: 1611-9.
  • 29. Sharp HM, Kuthy RA, Heller KE. Ethical dilemmas reported by fourth-year dental students. J Dent Educ 2005:69:1116–22.
  • 30. Scott JE, de Vries J, Iacopino AM. 25-year analysis of a dental undergraduate research training program (BSc Dent) at the University of Manitoba Faculty of Dentistry. J Dent Res 2008;87:1085–8.
  • 31. Dunning DG, Lange BM, Madden RD, Tacha KK. Prerequisites in behavioral science and business: opportunities for dental education. J Dent Educ 2011;75:77–81.
  • 32. Sherman JJ, Cramer A. Measurement of changes in empathy during dental school. J Dent Educ 2005;69: 338–45.
  • 33. Wener ME, Sch€onwetter DJ, Mazurat N. Developing new dental communication skills assessment tools by including patients and other stakeholders. J Dent Educ 2011;75:1527-41.
  • 34. Rouse RA, Hamilton MA. Dentists’ technical competence, communication, and personality as predictors of dental patient anxiety. J Behav Med 1990;13:307-19.
  • 35. Huntington B, Kuhn N. Communication gaffes: A root cause of malpractice claims. Proc (Bayl Univ Med Cent) 2003;16:157-61.
  • 36. Prakash T, Philip JM, Abraham HM, Venkatakrishnan JV, Chandran CR. Attitude toward dental communication skills among students in a south indian dental college. Drug İnvent Today 2018;10:1493-5.
  • 37. R€uttermann S, Sobotta A, Hahn P, Kiessling C and H€artl A. Teaching and assessment of communication skills in undergraduate dental education – a survey in Germanspeaking countries Eur J Dent Educ 2017;21:151-8.
  • 38. Coelho C, Pooler J, Lloyd H. Using patients as educators for communication skills: Exploring dental students’ and patients’ views. Eur J Dent Educ. 2018;22:291–9.
  • 39. Jha V, Quinton ND, Bekker HL, Roberts TE. What educators and students really think about using patients as teachers in medical education: a qualitative study. Med Educ. 2009;43:449‐56.
  • 40. Henriksen A-H, Ringsted C. Learning from patients: students’ perceptions of patient-instructors. Med Educ. 2011;45:913‐9.
  • 41. Ayn C, Robinson L, Nason A, Lovas J.Determining Recommendations for Improvement of Communication Skills Training in Dental Education: A Scoping Review. J Dent Educ 2017;81:479-88.
  • 42. White JG, Krüger C, Snyman WD. Development and implementation of communication skills in dentistry: an example from South Africa. Eur J Dent Educ 2008;12:29-34.
  • 43. Lanning SK, Ranson SL, Willett RM. Communication skills instruction utilizing interdisciplinary peer teachers: program development and student perceptions. J Dent Educ 2008;72:172-82.
  • 44. Croft P, White D, Wiskin C, Allan T. Evaluation by dental students of a communication skills course using professional role-players in a UK school of dentistry. Eur J Dent Educ 2005;9:2-9.
  • 45. McKenzie CT. Dental student attitudes towards communication skills instruction and clinical application. J Dent Educ 2014;78:1388-96.
  • 46. Venturin JS, Durall PS, Enciso R, et al. Comparing methods of cultural competency training and assessment in a predoctoral dental course. J Dent Educ 2013;77:476-84.
  • 47. Memarpour M, Bazrafkan L, Zarei Z. Assessment of dental students’ communication skills with patients. J Adv Med Educ Prof 2016;4:33.
  • 48. Lucander H, Knutsson K, Sale H, Jonsson A. “I’ll never forget this”: evaluating a pilot workshop in ef¬fective communication for dental students. J Dent Educ 2012;76:1311-6.
  • 49. Hendricson WD, Andrieu SC, Chadwick DG, Chmar JE, Cole JR, George MC. Educational strategies associated with development of problem-solving, critical thinking, and self-directed learning. J Dent Educ 2006;70:925-36.
  • 50. Johnsen DC, Marshall TA, Finkelstein MW, Cunningham-Ford MA, Straub-Morarend CL, Holmes DC. A model for overview of student learning: a matrix of educational outcomes versus methodologies. J Dent Educ 2011;75:160-8.
  • 51. Johnsen DC, Finkelstein MW, Marshall TA, Chalkley YM. A model for critical thinking measurement of dental student performance. J Dent Educ 2009;73:177-83.
  • 52. Behar-Horenstein LS, Schneider-Mitchell G, Graff R. Promoting the teaching of critical thinking skills through faculty development. J Dent Educ 2009;73:665-75.
  • 53. Razak IA, Latifah RR, Jaafar N, Abu HassanMI, Ab Murat N. Assessing the competency of University of Malaya dental graduates: employers’ and graduates’ perception. J Dent Educ 2008;72:364-9.
  • 54. Yusof ZY, Jaafar N, Jallaludin RL, Abu-Hassan MI, Razak IA. Malaysian dental graduates’ competence in holistic care: what do graduates and employers think? J Dent Educ 2010;74: 1380-7.
  • 55. Benbelaid R, Dot D, Levy G, Eid N. Difficulties encountered at the beginning of professional life: results of a 2003 pilot survey among undergraduate students in Paris Rene Descartes University (France). Eur J Dent Educ 2006;10:204-9.
  • 56. Chambers DW. Lessons from students in a critical thinking course: a case for the third pedagogy. J Dent Educ 2009;73:65–85.
  • 57. Montini T, Noble AQA, Stelfox HT. Content analysis of patient complaints. Int J Qual Health Care 2008;20:412-20.
  • 58. Marshall TA, Marchini L, Cowen H, Hartshorn JE, Holloway JA, Straub-Morarend JL, Gratton D, Solow CM et al. Critical Thinking Theory to Practice: Using the Expert’s Thought Process as Guide for Learning and Assessment. J Dent Educ 2017;81:978-85.
  • 59. Field J, Ellis J, Abbas C, Germain P. Teaching and assessment of professional attitudes in UK dental schools - commentary. Eur J Dent Educ 2010;14:133-5.
  • 60. Leisnert L, Karlsson M, Franklin I, Lindh L, Wretlind K. Improving teamwork between students from two professional programmes in dental education. Eur J Dent Educ 2012;16:17–26.
  • 61. Victoroff KZ, Schneider K, Perry C. Leadership development for dental students: what do students think? J Dent Educ 2008;72:982-8.
  • 62. Victoroff KZ, Schneider K, Perry C. Tomorrow’s leaders, starting today: a pilot leadership development program for dental students. J Dent Educ 2009;73:311-8.
  • 63. Kalenderian E, Skoulas A, Timoth e P, Friedland B. Integrating leadership into a practice management curriculum for dental students. Dent Educ 2010;74:464-71.
  • 64. Brondani MA, Rossoff LP. The “hot seat” experience: a multifaceted approach to the teaching of ethics in a dental curriculum. J Dent Educ 2010;74:1220-9.
  • 65. Lantz MS, Bebeau MJ, Zarkowski P. The status of ethics teaching and learning in U.S. dental schools. J Dent Educ 2011;75:1295-309.
  • 66. Redwood C, Winning T, Lekkas D, Townsend G. Improving clinical assessment: evaluating students’ ability to identify and apply clinical criteria. Eur J Dent Educ 2010;14:136-44.
  • 67. Polyzois I, Claffey N, Attstr€om R, Kelly A, Mattheos N. The role of the curriculum and other factors in determining the medium- and long-term attitude of the practicing dentist towards life-long learning. Eur J Dent Educ 2010;14:84–91.
  • 68. Harvey BJ, Rothman AI, Frecker RC. Effect of an undergraduate medical curriculum on students’ self-directed learning. Acad Med 2003;78:1259-65.
  • 69. Barman A, Jaafar R, Naing NN. Perception of students about the problem-based learning sessions conducted for medical and dental schools’ students of Universiti Sains Malaysia. Educ Health, 2006;19:363-8.
  • 70. Sch€onwetter DJ, Wener ME, Mazurat N. Determining the validity and reliability of clinical communication assessment tools for dental patients and students. J Dent Educ 2012;76:1276-90.
  • 71. Sch€onwetter DJ, Wener ME, Mazurat N, Yakiwchuk B. Exploring the predictive ability of two new complementary instruments for assessing effective therapeutic communication skills of dental and dental hygiene students. J Dent Educ 2012;76:1291–1310.
  • 72. Cannick GF, Horowitz AM, Garr DR, et al. Use of OSCE to evaluate brief communication skills training for dental students. J Dent Educ 2007;71:1203-9.
  • 73. Woo KY. Malaysian private higher education: a need to study the different interpretations of quality. J Adv Sci Arts 2006;1:17–21.
  • 74. Hannah A, Lim BT, Ayers KMS. Emotional intelligence and clinical interview performance of dental students. J Dent Educ 2009;73:1107-17.
  • 75. Schönwetter DJ, Wener ME, Mazurat N. Determining the validity and reliability of clinical communication assessment tools for dental patients and students. J Dent Educ 2012;76:1276-90.
  • 76. Ihm JJ, Lee G, Kim KK, et al. Who succeeds at dental school? Factors predicting students’ academic performance in a dental school in Republic of Korea. J Dent Educ 2013;77:1616-23.
  • 77. Stacey DG, Kurunathan TM. Noncognitive indicators as critical predictors of students’ performance in dental school. J Dent Educ 2015;79:1402-10.
  • 78. Virtue SM, Pendergast L, Tellez M, Waldron E, Ismail A. Identifying noncognitive skills that contribute to dental students’ success: dental faculty perspectives. J Dent Educ 2017; 81:300-9.
  • 79. Borghans L, Duckworth LE, Heckman JJ, Weel B. The economics and psychology of personal traits. J Human Resourc 2008;43:972-1059.
  • 80. Rosen JA, Glennie EJ, Dalton BW, et al. Noncognitive skills in the classroom: new perspectives on educational research. Research Triangle Park, NC: RTI International, 2010.
  • 81. García E. The need to address noncognitive skills in the education policy agenda. EPI Briefing Paper #386. Washington, DC: Economic Policy Institute, 2014.
Toplam 81 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Diş Hekimliği
Bölüm Derleme
Yazarlar

Kadriye Funda Akaltan 0000-0001-6744-6312

Yayımlanma Tarihi 2 Aralık 2019
Gönderilme Tarihi 21 Mayıs 2019
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2019 Cilt: 6 Sayı: 5

Kaynak Göster

Vancouver Akaltan KF. Diş Hekimliği Eğitiminde Beceri Kavramı: 21. Yüzyıl Becerileri. Selcuk Dent J. 2019;6(5):21-36.