Pulpa Kuafajı ve Kuafaj Materyallerine Güncel Bir Bakış: Derleme

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 9 Sayı: 2, 617 - 640, 24.08.2022

Dilek Akın Çiğdem Atalayın Özkaya

https://doi.org/10.15311/selcukdentj.943113

Öz

Pulpa kuafajı; farklı materyaller yardımıyla çeşitli biyolojik süreçlerin aktive edildiği ve bu sayede tamir ve rejenerasyonun hedeflendiği oldukça önemli bir tedavi seçeneğidir. Pulpa kuafajında amaç; pulpanın canlılığını, fonksiyonlarını ve pulpa-dentin kompleksini korumaktır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda hedeflenen, ekspoze pulpa dokusu üzerine bir örtüleyici uygulayarak dentin benzeri yapı veya dentin köprüsü oluşumunu sağlamaktır. Kuafaj uygulamasının başarısını etkileyen pek çok faktör mevcuttur. Bu faktörler; hastanın yaşı, cinsiyeti, kuafaj uygulanacak diş ve konumu, pulpa ekspozunun nedeni, pulpa ekspozisyonun boyutu ve lokalizasyonu, kullanılan kuafaj materyali ve uygulanan restorasyon olarak özetlenebilir. Pulpa kuafajının başarılı olması için en önemli kritik faktörlerden biri; pulpa canlılığını ve fonksiyonunu koruyacak, doku ile uyumlu bir materyalin kullanılmasıdır. Günümüze kadar pulpa kuafajı için pek çok materyal incelenmiş ve tavsiye edilmiştir. Kuafaj amacıyla kullanılan materyaller; kalsiyum hidroksit içerikli materyaller, trikalsiyum silikat içerikli materyaller, rezin içerikli materyaller ve diğer potansiyel kuafaj materyalleri başlıkları altında sınıflandırılabilir. Mevcut materyaller birbirleriyle kıyaslandığında, çeşitli avantaj ve dezavantajlarının bulunduğu görülmektedir. Mevcut kuafaj materyallerinin dezavantajlarını ortadan kaldırmak, kuafaj uygulamalarında başarı oranını arttırabilmek ve ideal kuafaj materyaline ulaşabilmek için araştırmalar devam etmektedir. Bu doğrultuda mevcut materyallerde modifikasyonlar yapılmakta ve yeni potansiyel materyaller araştırılmaktadır.
Bu derlemenin amacı; geçmişten günümüze kadar kullanılan kuafaj materyallerinin içerikleri, etki mekanizmaları, avantaj-dezavantajları ve başarı oranları ile ilgili bilgileri ve araştırma bulgularını literatür doğrultusunda aktarmaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Pulpa kuafajı, kuafaj materyalleri, kalsiyum hidroksit, trikalsiyum silikat

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