Evaluation of depression, anxiety, stress, and postgraduate plans of dentistry students

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 10 Sayı: 2, 451 - 456, 21.08.2023

Gülbahar Erdinç Taibe Tokgöz Kaplan

https://doi.org/10.15311/selcukdentj.1293296

Öz

Background: The aim of this study was to measure the depression, anxiety,and stress levels of dentistry students using DASS-21,to investigate the relationship between these levels, and to investigate the effect of this stress on career motivation.
Materials & Methods:An online questionnaire that contains four-part was developed using Google Forms. The first section is related to the sociodemographics data of participants. The second section contains DASS-21 questions.The other sections are about choosing dentistry and postgraduate plans of the students. Data were analyzed with IBM SPSS V23. The Kruskall-Wallis H test was used to compare data according to groups of three or more, and multiple comparisons were examined with Dunn's test. The significance level was taken as p<0.050.
Results:A total of 791 undergraduate dental students were participated in the study. The study sample comprised 61,2% females (n=484) and 8% married (n=6).A statistically significant difference was found between the median stress scores according to gender (p<0.001). It was observed that the stress level increased statistically significantly in the 5th grade (p<0,001). The depression level of married people was statistically lower (p=0.046). Only 5.2% of the participants stated that they wanted to specialize in any branch.
Conclusion:Dentistry education is a complex process and can cause an increase in students' levels of stress, anxiety, and depression. The methods of coping with stress should be taught to students to train psychologically healthy. Students should be supported to make the most appropriate decisions in their career choices and post-graduation plans.
Keywords:DASS, dental education, depression, career motivation, postgraduate

Anahtar Kelimeler

DASS, dental education, depression, career motivation, postgraduate

Evaluation of depression, anxiety, stress, and postgraduate plans of dentistry students

Öz

Amaç: Bu çalışmada DASS-21 kullanılarak diş hekimliği öğrencilerinin depresyon, kaygı ve stres düzeylerinin ölçülmesi amaçlanmıştır. Ayrıca bu düzeyler arasındaki ilişkinin değerlendirilmesi ve bu stres düzeylerinin kariyer motivasyonu üzerindeki etkisinin araştırılması amaçlanmıştır.
Gereç ve Yöntemler: Google Formlar kullanılarak dört bölümden oluşan çevrimiçi bir anket geliştirilmiştir. İlk bölüm, katılımcıların sosyodemografik verileriyle ilgilidir. İkinci bölüm DASS-21 sorularını içermektedir. Diğer bölümler, öğrenciler için diş hekimliği ve lisansüstü planları seçme ile ilgilidir. Veriler IBM SPSS V23 ile analiz edildi. Verilerin üç ve üzeri gruplara göre karşılaştırılmasında Kruskall-Wallis H testi, çoklu karşılaştırmalar Dunn testi ile incelenmiştir. Anlamlılık düzeyi p<0,050 olarak alınmıştır.
Bulgular: Çalışmaya toplam 791 dişhekimliği lisans öğrencisi katılmıştır. Araştırmanın örneklemini %61,2 kadınlar (n=484) ve %8 evliler (n=6) oluşturmaktadır. Cinsiyete göre stres puan ortancaları arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark bulunmuştur (p<0,001). Stres düzeyinin 5. sınıfta istatistiksel olarak anlamlı düzeyde arttığı görüldü (p<0,001). Evlilerin depresyon düzeyi istatistiksel olarak daha düşüktü (p=0,046). Katılımcıların sadece %5,2'si herhangi bir branşta uzmanlaşmak istemediğini belirtmiştir.
Sonuç: Diş hekimliği eğitimi karmaşık bir süreçtir ve öğrencilerin stres, kaygı ve depresyon düzeylerinde artışa neden olabilir. Öğrencilere psikolojik olarak sağlıklı yetişmeleri için stresle baş etme yöntemleri öğretilmelidir. Öğrencilerin kariyer seçimlerinde ve mezuniyet sonrası planlarında en uygun kararları vermeleri desteklenmelidir.
Anahtar Kelimeler: DASS, diş hekimliği eğitimi, depresyon, kariyer motivasyonu, lisansüstü

Anahtar Kelimeler

dental education, depression, career motivation

Kaynakça

• 1. Bathla M, Singh M, Kulhara P, Chandna S, Aneja J. Evaluation of anxiety, depression and suicidal intent in undergraduate dental students: A cross-sectional study. Contemp Clin Dent. 2015;6(2):215.
• 2. Davidovich E, Pessov Y, Baniel A, Ram D. Levels of stress among general practitioners, students and specialists in pediatric dentistry during dental treatment. J Clin Pediatr Dent. 2015;39(5):419–22.
• 3. Alzahem AM, Van der Molen HT, Alaujan AH, Schmidt HG, Zamakhshary MH. Stress amongst dental students: a systematic review. Eur J Dent Educ. 2011;15(1):8–18.
• 4. Basudan S, Binanzan N, Alhassan A. Depression, anxiety and stress in dental students. Int J Med Educ. 2017;8:179–86.
• 5. Garbee Jr WH, Zucker SB, Selby GR. Perceived sources of stress among dental students. J Am Dent Assoc. 1980;100(6):853–7.
• 6. Pani SC, Al Askar AM, Al Mohrij SI, Al Ohali TA. Evaluation of stress in final‐year Saudi dental students using salivary cortisol as a biomarker. J Dent Educ. 2011;75(3):377–84.
• 7. Al-Samadani KH, Al-Dharrab A. The perception of stress among clinical dental students. World J Dent. 2013;4(1):24–8.
• 8. Shah AA, Dempster LJ, Singhal S, Quiñonez CR. What influences attitudes toward professionalism in dental students? J Dent Educ. 2022;86(10):1332–49.
• 9. Al-Sudani D, Al-Abbas F, Al-Bannawi Z, Al-Ramadhan A. Professional attitudes and behaviors acquired during undergraduate education in the College of Dentistry, King Saud University. Saudi Dent J. 2013;25(2):69–74.
• 10. Rubin RW. DevSeloping Cultural Competence and Social Responsibility in Preclinical Dental Students. J Dent Educ. 2004;68(4):460–7.
• 11. Field J, Ellis J, Abbas C, Germain P. Teaching and assessment of Professional attitudes in UK dental schools–Commentary. Eur J Dent Educ. 2010;14(3):133–5.
• 12. Davidson PL, Nakazono TT, Carreon DC, Bai J, Afifi A. Practice plans of dental school graduating seniors: effects of the pipeline program. J Dent Educ. 2009;73:S283–96.
• 13. Crawford JR, Henry JD. The Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS): Normative data and latent structure in a large non‐clinical sample. Br J Clin Psychol. 2003;42(2):111–31.
• 14. Lovibond PF, Lovibond SH. The structure of negative emotional states: Comparison of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS) with the Beck Depression and Anxiety Inventories. Behav Res Ther. 1995;33(3):335–43.
• 15. Antony MM, Bieling PJ, Cox BJ, Enns MW, Swinson RP. Psychometric properties of the 42-item and 21-item versions of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales in clinical groups and a community sample. Psychol Assess. 1998;10(2):176.
• 16. Beiter R, Nash R, McCrady M, Rhoades D, Linscomb M, Clarahan M, et al. The prevalence and correlates of depression, anxiety, and stress in a sample of college students. J Affect Disord. 2015;173:90–6.
• 17. Shamsuddin K, Fadzil F, Ismail WSW, Shah SA, Omar K, Muhammad NA, et al. Correlates of depression, anxiety and stress among Malaysian university students. Asian J Psychiatr. 2013;6(4):318–23.
• 18. Oei TPS, Sawang S, Goh YW, Mukhtar F. Using the depression anxiety stress scale 21 (DASS‐21) across cultures. Int J Psychol. 2013;48(6):1018–29.
• 19. Nieuwenhuijsen K, De Boer A, Verbeek J, Blonk RWB, Van Dijk FJH. The Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS): detecting anxiety disorder and depression in employees absent from work because of mental health problems. Occup Environ Med. 2003;60(suppl 1):i77–82.
• 20. Rada RE, Johnson-Leong C. Stress, burnout, anxiety and depression among dentists. J Am Dent Assoc. 2004;135(6):788–94.
• 21. Halawany HS. Career motivations, perceptions of the future of dentistry and preferred dental specialties among Saudi dental students. Open Dent J. 2014;8:129.
• 22. Sezer B, Kolay D, Şen Yavuz B, Güneyligil Kazaz T, Kargül B. Motivations, attitudes for choosing dental profession and preferred dental specialties amongst Turkish dental students. Eur J Dent Educ. 2022;26(2):422–33.
• 23. Yan X, Zhang X, Jinno Y, Tachibana K, Gao J, Koyano K, et al. Career choice and future design of dental students in China and Japan. Int Dent J. 2014;64(2):68–75.
• 24. Santos BF dos, Nicolau B, Muller K, Bedos C, Zuanon ACC. Brazilian dental students’ intentions and motivations towards their professional career. J Dent Educ. 2013;77(3):337–44.
• 25. HATIPOĞLU Ö. Factors that Affect the Career and Speciality Preferences of Dentistry Students in Turkey. J Clin Diagnostic Res. 2019;13(6).
• 26. Elangovan S, Allareddy V, Singh F, Taneja P, Karimbux N. Indian dental education in the new millennium: challenges and opportunities. J Dent Educ. 2010;74(9):1011–6.
• 27. Tangade PS, Mathur A, Gupta R, Chaudhary S. Assessment of stress level among dental school students: an Indian outlook. Dent Res J (Isfahan). 2011;8(2):95.
• 28. Acharya S. Factors affecting stress among Indian dental students. J Dent Educ. 2003;67(10):1140–8.
• 29. Uraz A, Tocak YS, Yozgatlıgil C, Cetiner S, Bal B. Psychological well–being, health, and stress sources in turkish dental students. J Dent Educ. 2013;77(10):1345–55.
• 30. Divaris K, Mafla AC, Villa-Torres L, Sánchez-Molina M, Gallego-Gómez CL, Vélez-Jaramillo LF, et al. Psychological distress and its correlates among dental students: a survey of 17 Colombian dental schools. BMC Med Educ. 2013;13(1):1–12.
• 31. Muirhead V, Locker D. Canadian dental students’ perceptions of stress. JOURNAL-CANADIAN Dent Assoc. 2007;73(4):323.
• 32. Al-Saleh SA, Al-Madi EM, Al-Angari NS, Al-Shehri HA, Shukri MM. Survey of perceived stress-inducing problems among dental students, Saudi Arabia. Saudi Dent J. 2010;22(2):83–8.
• 33. Paudel S, Subedi N, Shrestha A. Stress and its relief among undergraduate dental students in a tertiary health care centre in eastern Nepal. Dentistry. 2013;3(157):1122–2161.
• 34. Dahan H, Bedos C. A typology of dental students according to their experience of stress: a qualitative study. J Dent Educ. 2010;74(2):95–103.
• 35. Galán F, Ríos-Santos J V, Polo J, Rios-Carrasco B, Bullón P. Burnout, depression and suicidal ideation in dental students. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2014;19(3):e206.
• 36. Elani HW, Allison PJ, Kumar RA, Mancini L, Lambrou A, Bedos C. A systematic review of stress in dental students. J Dent Educ. 2014;78(2):226–42.
• 37. More DM, Kohn Jr N. Some motives for entering dentistry. Am J Sociol. 1960;66(1):48–53.
• 38. Khalaf ME, Abubakr NH, Alenezi H, Ziada H. The motivation and confidence in choosing dentistry as a career amongst dental students: A mixed-methods study. Eur J Dent Educ. 2022;26(1):66–75.
• 39. Shah AA, Dempster LJ, Singhal S, Quiñonez CR. What influences attitudes toward professionalism in dental students? J Dent Educ. 2022;