Determination of Effects the Different Holes Position in the Vacuum Discs of Pneumatic Precision Vegetable Planters on Emergence and Uniform Plant Distribution in Black Carrot Production

Öz

The objective of this study was to determine the seed releasing characteristics of seed metering discs used in the precision seeding of black carrot seeds. High precision vegetable seeder was tested in the field conditions using black carrot seeds in Kuzukuyu village of Ereğli-Konya in 2018. Three different seed metering discs that have holes in three different circle positions were used in the experiments. These applications referred to seeding techniques, ST1, ST2 and ST3. The seed metering discs with three trajectories, each diameter was 210, 185, and 155 mm respectively. Each trajectory on vacuum plate using in ST1 had equal number of holes (96 holes), while P1 and P2 hole positions had same number of holes in ST2 ve ST3, however, 25% and 50% decrease in the number of holes in the P3 (bottom hole position), respectively. The downforce on the press wheel was kept constant throughout all trials. In these three different seeding techniques, the planting performance of the machine under field conditions was evaluated and the coefficient of variation values expressing the seed distribution uniformity, mean of the emergence rates were determined. According to the results, the mean of emergence rates and coefficient variation values were determined as %59.86 ve %76.84, %68.91 ve %75.31, %66.26 ve %72.48for ST1, ST2 ve ST3, respectively. Given hole positions (planting rows), emergence rates and CV values were obtained %59.71 ve %81.94 for P1, %62.69 ve %74.49 for P2 and %72.60 ve %68.20 for P3.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Precision vegetable seeder
• vacuum plate
• black carrot seed
• emergence rate
• coefficient variation of plant distribution uniformity

Kaynakça

1. Bracy RP, Parish RL, McCoy JE (1999), Precision seeder uniformity varies with theoretical spacing, Hort Technology, 9 (1), 47-50.
2. Bülbül H, Hacıseferoğulları H (2016). Pnömatik Hassas Sebze Ekim Makinesinde Kullanılan Değişik Baskı Tekerlerinin Siyah Havucun Çimlenmesine Etkisi, Tarım Makinaları Bilimi Dergisi, 12 (2), 113-119.
3. Düzgüneş O, Kesici T, Kavuncu O, Gürbüz F (1983). Araştırma deneme metotları (İstatistik metodları II), Ankara Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Yayınları Ders Kitabı: 295.
4. ISO (1984). ISO 7256/1: Sowing equipment: Test methods. Part 1:Single seed drills (precision drills). Geneva, Switzerland: Int. Organization for Standardization.
5. Karayel D, Özmerzi A (2001). Hava emişli bir tek dane ekici düzen ile kavun ve hıyar ekiminde sıra üzeri uzaklık ve ilerleme hızının ekim düzgünlüğüne etkisi, Akdeniz Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 14 (2), 63-67.
6. Lei X, Hu H, Wu W, Liu H, Liu L, Yang W, Zhou Z, Ren W (2021). Seed motion characteristics and seeding performance of a centralised seed metering system for rapeseed investigated by DEM simulation and bench testing, Biosystem Engineering, Vol. 203. Pages: 22-23.
7. Önal İ (1983). Yuvaya Ekim Tekniği Üzerinde Bir Araştırma, TZDK Mesleki Yayınları, Yayın No 28, Ankara.
8. Önal İ (2011). Ekim bakım ve gübreleme makinaları, No: 490, Ege Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Yayınları, İzmir.

9. Parish RL, Bracy RP (2003). An attempt to improve uniformity of a gaspardo precision seeder, Hort Technology, January-March 13(1), 100-103.
10. TSMS (2018). Turkish State Meteorological Service, Eregli Station Data No. 17248.