Araştırma Makalesi

Foliar Urea Fertilization of Cereals I

Cilt: 11 Sayı: 14 31 Aralık 1997
  • Bayram Sade
  • Süleyman Soylu
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Foliar Urea Fertilization of Cereals I

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ABSTRACT It has been suggested that there are several potential benefits of providing nitrogen to cereals via the foliage as urea solution. These include: reduced nitrogen losses through denitrification and leaching compared with nitrogen fertilizer applications to the soil; the ability to provide nitrogen when root activity is impaired e.g.. in saline or dry conditions, and uptake late in the season to increase grain nitrogen concentration. Factors that influence the degree of foliar absorption in field conditions have not, however, been clearly defined and losses to the atmosphere and soll can occur. Follar urea applications may also hinder crop productivity although the explanations for this vary, and include desiccation of leaf cells, aqueous ammonia and urea toxicity, biuret contamination and the disruption of carbohydrate metabolism. It has not yet been determined which one, or combinations, of these mechanisms are most important in field situations. When damage has not been severe, foliar urea applications have increased grain yield, particularly when applied before flag leaf emergence and when nitrogen availability is limiting. Increases in grain nitrogen content are often larger when applications of nitrogen fertilizers to the soil are reduced, and when the urea solution is sprayed either at anthesis or during the following two weeks. It is during this period that foliar urea sprays can be of greater benefit than soil applications with regard to nitrogen utilization by the crop. Increases in wheat grain nitrogen concentration following urea application can improve breadmaking quality. Responses in loaf quality may, however, be variable particularly when Lucreases in grain nitrogen content have been large, and/or when the nitrogen: sulphur ratio in the grain is increased. These circumstances have lead to alterations in the proportions of the different protein fractions which influence breadmaking potential. To exploit the full potential benefits of foliar urea application to cereals, more needs to be know about the mechanisms, and thus how to prevent losses of nitrogen from the foliage, and to reduce the phytotoxic influences of sprays. More information is also required to exploit the reported effects that urea may have on limiting the development of cereal diseases.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Destekleyen Kurum

SELÇUK ÜNİVERSİTESİ

Kaynakça

  1. Alkier AC., Racz JG. and Soper R.J., 1972. Effect of follar- and soll- nitrate-nitrogen level on the protein content of Neepawa wheat. Can J. Soil Sci. 52: 301-309.
  2. Altman D.W., McCuistion W.L. ad Konstrad W.E., 1983. Grain protein percentage, kernel hardness and grain yield of winter wheat with foliar applied urea. Ag- ron J. 75: 87-91.
  3. Anon., 1987. Nitrogen fertilizers. Anlwick: Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Foods.
  4. Anon., 1990. FAO Yearbook Fertilizer 1989. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organisa- tion of the United Nations.
  5. Arnold, G.H. and Dilz, K., 1967. Late topdressing of winter wheat by means of aerial spraying with urea. Netherlands Nitrogen Technical Bulletin No. 5. The Hague: Netherlands Nitrogen Ferülizer Industry.
  6. Astbury J.M. and Kettlewell. P.S., 1990. Optimising the management of nitrogen- containing fluid fertilizers for breadmaking quality of intensively-managed wheat in the United Kingdom: fleld experiments in 1989. In: Smith JJ (ed.) Advances in Fluid Fertilizer Agronomic and Application Management Tech- nology, pp. 201-217. Manchester, Missouri: Fluid Fertilizer Foundation.
  7. Astbury, J.M. and Kettlewell, P.S., 1991. Optimising the management of nitrogen- containing fluid fertilizers for breadmaking quality of intensively-managed wheat in the United Kingdom: f ield experiments in 1990. In: Agronomic Technology for the 1990's, pp. 229-313. Manchester, Missouri: Fluid Fertilizer Foundation.
  8. Axford, D.W.E., McDermot, E.E. and Redman, D.G., 1979. Note on the sodium dodecyl sulphate test of breadmaking quality: comparison with Pelshenke and Ze- leny tests. Cereal Chem 56: 582-584. Ayers, G.S., Wert, V.F. and Reis, S.K., 1976. The relationship of protein fractions and individual proteins to seedling vigour in wheat. Ann Bot 40: 563-570. Bathgate, G.N., 1987. Quality requirement of malting barley. In: Aspects of Applied Biology 15, Cereal Quality, pp. 18-33. Warwick: Association of Applied Biolo- gists.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil

İngilizce

Konular

Tahıllar ve Yemeklik Tane Baklagiller

Bölüm

Araştırma Makalesi

Yazarlar

Bayram Sade Bu kişi benim
Türkiye

Süleyman Soylu Bu kişi benim
Türkiye

Yayımlanma Tarihi

31 Aralık 1997

Gönderilme Tarihi

5 Ocak 1997

Kabul Tarihi

25 Şubat 1997

Yayımlandığı Sayı

Yıl 1997 Cilt: 11 Sayı: 14

Kaynak Göster

APA
Sade, B., & Soylu, S. (1997). Foliar Urea Fertilization of Cereals I. Selcuk Journal of Agriculture and Food Sciences, 11(14), 116-126. https://izlik.org/JA64FX56FD
AMA
1.Sade B, Soylu S. Foliar Urea Fertilization of Cereals I. Selcuk J Agr Food Sci. 1997;11(14):116-126. https://izlik.org/JA64FX56FD
Chicago
Sade, Bayram, ve Süleyman Soylu. 1997. “Foliar Urea Fertilization of Cereals I”. Selcuk Journal of Agriculture and Food Sciences 11 (14): 116-26. https://izlik.org/JA64FX56FD.
EndNote
Sade B, Soylu S (01 Aralık 1997) Foliar Urea Fertilization of Cereals I. Selcuk Journal of Agriculture and Food Sciences 11 14 116–126.
IEEE
[1]B. Sade ve S. Soylu, “Foliar Urea Fertilization of Cereals I”, Selcuk J Agr Food Sci, c. 11, sy 14, ss. 116–126, Ara. 1997, [çevrimiçi]. Erişim adresi: https://izlik.org/JA64FX56FD
ISNAD
Sade, Bayram - Soylu, Süleyman. “Foliar Urea Fertilization of Cereals I”. Selcuk Journal of Agriculture and Food Sciences 11/14 (01 Aralık 1997): 116-126. https://izlik.org/JA64FX56FD.
JAMA
1.Sade B, Soylu S. Foliar Urea Fertilization of Cereals I. Selcuk J Agr Food Sci. 1997;11:116–126.
MLA
Sade, Bayram, ve Süleyman Soylu. “Foliar Urea Fertilization of Cereals I”. Selcuk Journal of Agriculture and Food Sciences, c. 11, sy 14, Aralık 1997, ss. 116-2, https://izlik.org/JA64FX56FD.
Vancouver
1.Bayram Sade, Süleyman Soylu. Foliar Urea Fertilization of Cereals I. Selcuk J Agr Food Sci [Internet]. 01 Aralık 1997;11(14):116-2. Erişim adresi: https://izlik.org/JA64FX56FD

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