Pharmacological Insights into Salvia candidissima and S. trichoclada: Antioxidant and Enzyme Inhibition Activities of n- Hexane Extracts

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 39 Sayı: 3, 550 - 558, 27.12.2025

Güneş Ak

https://doi.org/10.15316/selcukjafsci.1772558

Öz

In this study, the antioxidant and enzyme inhibition potentials of Salvia candidissima and Salvia trichoclada n-hexane extracts were evaluated. The total phenolic and flavonoid contents were higher in S. trichoclada (27.61 mg GAE/g and 15.21 mg RE/g, respectively) compared to S. candidissima (23.08 mg GAE/g and 7.75 mg RE/g). Antioxidant assays revealed species-specific differences: S. candidissima exhibited stronger DPPH radical scavenging (6.08 mg TE/g) and metal chelating activity (30.37 mg EDTAE/g), whereas S. trichoclada showed higher ABTS scavenging (13.38 mg TE/g), CUPRAC (57.93 mg TE/g), and FRAP (22.11 mg TE/g) values. Both species demonstrated comparable activities in PBD assays. Enzyme inhibition analyses indicated moderate but meaningful effects: S. trichoclada showed greater butyrylcholinesterase (2.77 mg GALAE/g) and glucosidase (0.73 mg ACAE/g) inhibition, while S. candidissima exhibited stronger amylase inhibition (0.75 mg ACAE/g). Tyrosinase inhibition was similar between species (~36 mg KAE/g). These findings suggest that although n-hexane extracts are typically less rich in phenolics compared to polar extracts, they retain notable antioxidant and selective enzyme inhibitory activities, likely due to their content of lipophilic phenolics, diterpenoids, and sterols. Overall, S. trichoclada displayed a stronger reducing and glucosidase/BChE inhibitory capacity, while S. candidissima excelled in radical scavenging (DPPH) and metal chelation. Future work including HPLC-based phytochemical profiling and structure–activity relationship studies is warranted to identify the specific bioactive constituents and further elucidate their pharmacological potential.

Anahtar Kelimeler

salvia , antioxidant activity , enzyme inhibition , n-hexane extract

Salvia candidissima ve S. trichoclada'nın Farmakolojik Özellikleri: n-Heksan Ekstraktlarının Antioksidan ve Enzim İnhibisyon Aktiviteleri

Öz

Bu çalışmada, Salvia candidissima ve Salvia trichoclada n-heksan ekstraktlarının antioksidan ve enzim inhibisyon potansiyelleri değerlendirilmiştir. Toplam fenolik ve flavonoid içerikleri, S. candidissima'ya (sırasıyla 23,08 mg GAE/g ve 7,75 mg RE/g) kıyasla S. trichoclada'da (sırasıyla 27,61 mg GAE/g ve 15,21 mg RE/g) daha yüksek bulunmuştur. Antioksidan testleri türlere özgü farklılıklar ortaya koymuştur: S. candidissima daha güçlü DPPH radikal temizleme (6,08 mg TE/g) ve metal şelatlama aktivitesi (30,37 mg EDTAE/g) gösterirken, S. trichoclada daha yüksek ABTS temizleme (13,38 mg TE/g), CUPRAC (57,93 mg TE/g) ve FRAP (22,11 mg TE/g) değerleri göstermiştir. Her iki tür de PBD testlerinde karşılaştırılabilir aktiviteler sergilemiştir. Enzim inhibisyon analizleri, orta düzeyde ancak anlamlı etkiler gösterdi: S. trichoclada daha yüksek bütirilkolinesteraz (2,77 mg GALAE/g) ve glukozidaz (0,73 mg ACAE/g) inhibisyonu gösterirken, S. candidissima daha güçlü amilaz inhibisyonu (0,75 mg ACAE/g) sergiledi. Tirozinaz inhibisyonu türler arasında benzerdi (~36 mg KAE/g). Bu bulgular, n-heksan özütlerinin polar özütlere kıyasla tipik olarak daha az fenolik madde içermesine rağmen, lipofilik fenolikler, diterpenoidler ve steroller içerikleri nedeniyle önemli antioksidan ve seçici enzim inhibisyon aktivitelerini koruduğunu göstermektedir. Genel olarak, S. trichoclada daha güçlü indirgeyici ve glukozidaz/BChE inhibitör kapasitesi gösterirken, S. candidissima radikal temizleme (DPPH) ve metal şelasyonunda üstünlük gösterdi. HPLC tabanlı fitokimyasal profil oluşturma ve yapı-aktivite ilişkisi çalışmaları da dahil olmak üzere gelecekteki çalışmalar, spesifik biyoaktif bileşenleri tanımlamak ve farmakolojik potansiyellerini daha ayrıntılı olarak aydınlatmak için gereklidir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

salvia , antioksidan aktivite , enzim inhibisyonu , n-hexanne ekstraktı

Kaynakça

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