Sürdürülebilir Bitki Besleme Yaklaşımlarında Biyokömür Kaplı Gübreler

Öz

Küresel gıda güvenliğinin sağlanması ve sürdürülebilir tarım uygulamalarının yaygınlaştırılmasına yönelik artan ihtiyaçlar, geleneksel mineral gübre kullanımının yol açtığı çevresel sorunlara alternatif yaklaşımların geliştirilmesini zorunlu hâle getirmiştir. Bu bağlamda hazırlanan bu derleme makalesi, biyokömür kaplı kontrollü ve yavaş salınımlı gübrelerin (BCSRF) son on yıldaki (2015–2025) gelişimini kapsamlı bir bakış açısıyla ele almaktadır. Çalışmada, BCSRF’lerin üretim teknikleri, kaplama materyallerinin özellikleri, besin salınım mekanizmaları ve bu sistemlerin tarımsal verimlilik ile çevresel sürdürülebilirlik üzerindeki etkileri ayrıntılı olarak değerlendirilmektedir. Ayrıca, besin kullanım etkinliğinin (NUE) artırılması, sera gazı emisyonlarının ve besin yıkanmasının azaltılması gibi çevresel kazanımların yanı sıra ekonomik uygulanabilirlik ve ölçeklenebilirlik konuları da tartışılmaktadır. Toprak verimliliğini iyileştirme ve çevresel kayıpları sınırlama potansiyeline sahip olan BCSRF’ler, modern tarım sistemleri için yenilikçi ve umut vadeden bir çözüm olarak öne çıkmaktadır. Bu derleme, mevcut literatürü sentezleyerek gelecekteki araştırma ve uygulamalara yönelik bilimsel bir çerçeve sunmayı amaçlamaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Biyokömür
• Kontrollü ve yavaş salınımlı gübre
• Sürdürülebilir tarım
• Besin kullanım etkinliği

Biochar Coated Fertilizers in Sustainable Plant Nutrition Approaches

Öz

The increasing need to ensure global food security and promote sustainable agricultural practices has necessitated the development of alternative approaches to the environmental problems caused by the use of traditional mineral fertilizers. This review article, prepared within this context, comprehensively examines the development of biochar-coated controlled-release fertilizers (BCSRFs) over the last decade (2015–2025). The study evaluates in detail the production techniques of BCSRFs, the properties of coating materials, nutrient release mechanisms, and the impacts of these systems on agricultural productivity and environmental sustainability. Furthermore, environmental gains such as increased nutrient use efficiency (NUE), reduced greenhouse gas emissions and nutrient leaching, as well as economic feasibility and scalability are discussed. With the potential to improve soil fertility and limit environmental losses, BCSRFs stand out as an innovative and promising solution for modern agricultural systems. This review aims to synthesize the existing literature and provide a scientific framework for future research and applications.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Biochar
• Controlled and slow-release fertilizer
• Sustainable agriculture
• Nutrient use efficiency

Kaynakça

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