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Determination of the Resistance Reactions of Some Tomato Cultivars against Bacterial Speck Disease

Yıl 2014, Cilt: 28 Sayı: 2, 42 - 51, 15.09.2015

Öz

Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato is the causative agent of the bacterial speck disease of tomato (Lycopersicon lycopersicum), a disease that occurs worldwide and causes severe reduction in fruit yield and quality. Disease resistance conferred by the pto gene, encodes a serine–threonine protein kinase, is one of the first R-genes to be cloned and sequenced. In this research, the resistance reactions of 50 different tomato cultivars which are grown commonly in Central Anatolia against P. s. pv. tomato causal agent of bacterial speck disease were determined. Six-week-old plants were inoculated by spraying of P. s. pv. tomato strains, YA-1 and YA-2 (108 CFU ml-1), until leaf surfaces were uniformly wet. After inoculation, the plants were incubated at 25±1 °C in 65-75 % relative humidity with a 12 h photoperiod and the disease progress occurred on the seedling leaves by P. s. pv. tomato was followed by counting the dark brown-black leaf necroses in 21st days after inoculation of the seedlings. Each experiment was performed at least three times and control plants were sprayed with sterile distilled water. The results of resistance reactions on plants were evaluated according to Chambers and Merriman scale. The resistance levels of the cultivars were statistically determined by using ANOVA variance analyze and Duncan multiple range tests. Presence of pto gene in the tomato cultivars was verified by using the primers SSP17 and JCP32 (a 963 bp DNA fragment) by PCR and the gene was determined in 15 different tomato cultivars. The determination of the pto gene in some tomato cultivars may help to develop new resistant cultivars and to reduce of disease severity.

Kaynakça

  • Abak K, Oktem YE, Karakullukcu S (1990). The Breeding of Tomato Resistance to Bacterial Speck Disease (Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato). Turk. J. Agric. For. 14(3): 239-249.
  • Aysan Y (2001). Bacterial stem necrosis of tomato in the greenhouse in the eastern mediterranean region of Turkey. 11th Congress of the Mediterranean Phytopathological Union and 3rd Congress of the Sociedade Portuguesa de Fitopatologia, Evora, Portugal, 17-20 September, pp 301-303
  • Aysan Y, Mirik M, Ustun N, Sahin F, Saygili H (2006). Differences in symptomatic, phenotypic and genotypic characterization of Erwinia and Pseudomonas species causing stem and pith necrosis of tomato in Turkey. In: Proceedings of 12th Congress of the Mediterranean Phytopathological Union, 11-15 June 2006, Rhodes, Greece, 432-437
  • Bashan Y, Okon Y, Henis Y (1978). Infection studies of Pseudomonas tomato, causal agent of bacterial speck of tomato. Phytoparasitica 6: 135-144.
  • Basim H, Basim E, Yilmaz S, Dickstein ER, Jones JB (2004). An outbreak of bacterial speck caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato on tomato transplants grown in commercial seedling companies located in the Western Mediterranean Region of Turkey. Plant Dis. 88(9):1050.
  • Basim H, Basim E, Yilmaz S, Ilkucan M (2005). First report of pith necrosis caused by Pseudomonas mediterranea in Turkey. Plant Pathology 54, 240
  • Bereswill S, Bugert P, Völksch B, Ullrich M, Bender CL, Geider K (1994). Identification and relatedness of coronatine-producing Pseudomonas syringae pathovars by PCR analysis and sequence determination of the amplification products. Appl Environ Microbiol. 60: 2924–2930.
  • Bogatsevska N, Sotirova V, Stamova L (1989). Races of Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Okabe) Young et al. Comptes Rendue de l'Academie Bulgare des Sciences 42, 2: 129-130.
  • Carland FM, Staskawicz BJ (1993). Genetic characterization of the Pto locus of tomato: Semi-dominance and cosegregation of resistance to Pseudomonas syringae pathovar tomato and sensitivity to the insecticide fenthion. Mol. Gen. Genet. 239: 17-27.
  • Carland FM, Staskawicz BJ (1993). Genetic characterization of the Pto locus of tomato: semi-dominance and cosegregation of resistance to Pseudomonas syringae pathovar tomato and sensitivity to the insecticide fenthion. Molecular and General Genetics 239: 1-2, 17-27.
  • Chambers S C, Merriman P R (1975). Perennation and control of Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato in Victoria. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research, 26, 657-663.
  • Chambers SC, Merriman PR (1975). Perennation and control of Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato in Victoria. Aust. J. Agric. Res. 26: 657-663.
  • Chang JH, Tobias CM, Staskawicz BJ, Michelmore RW (2001). Functional studies of the bacterial avirulence protein avrPto by mutational analysis. Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact. 14(4): 451-459.
  • Cinar O (1977). A bacterial disease on tomatoes in Mediterranean Region. Bitki. 4: 282-288.
  • Cinar O, Aysan Y (1995) Detection of Erwinia spp. causing soft rot on tomatoes grown in greenhouses in the eastern Mediterranean region. 7th Turkish Phytopathology Congress, Adana, Turkey, 26-29 September, pp 426-428.
  • Demir G (1990). The occurrence of Pseudomonas corrugata on tomatoes in Turkey. Journal of Turkish Phytopathology, 19, 63-70.
  • Eenink A H (1981). Partial resistance in lettuce to downy mildew (Bremia lactucae). 1. Search for partially resistant genotypes and influence of certain plant characters and environments on the resistance level. Euphytica, 30, 619-628.
  • FAO (2011). www.fao.org/faostat (acces date: November, 2011)
  • Geiger B (1989). Cytoskeleton - associated cell contacts. Curr . Opin . Cell Biol . 1: 103 - 109.
  • Gitaitis RD, Phatak SC, Jaworski CA, Smith MW (1982). Resistance in tomato transplants to bacterial speck. Plant Dis. 66 (3): 210-211.
  • Hammond-Kosack KE, Jones JDG (1996), Inducible plant defense mechanisms and resistance gene function, Plant Cell, 8, 1773 – 1791.
  • Kacar B, Katkat A V (1999). Gübreler ve Gübreleme Tekniği. Uludag Üniv. Güçlendirme Vakfı, Vipas A.S., Bursa.
  • Keen N K, Bent A F, Staskawicz B. J. (1993). Plant disease resistance genes: interactions with pathogens and their immproved utilization to control plant diseases. In Biotechnology in plant disease control (ed. I. Chet), pp. 65-88. New York: Wiley-Liss.
  • Klement Z (1963). Rapid detection of pathogenicity of phytopathogenic pseudomonads. Nature, 199, 299-300.
  • Kozik E U (2002). Studies on resistance to bacterial speck (Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato) in tomato cv. Ontario 7710. Plant Breeding, 121, 526-530.
  • Kozik EU, Sobiczewski P (2000). Response of tomato genotypes to bacterial speck (Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato). A. Physiol. Plant. 22(3): 243-246.
  • Kozik EU, Sobiczewski P (2007). Assessment of inoculation techniques suitability for determination of tomato plants resistance to bacterial speck (Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato). Phytopathol. Polonica 44: 17-25.
  • Kozik EU, Sobiczewski P (2007). Assessment of inoculation techniques suitability for determination of tomato plants resistance to bacterial speck (Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato). Phytopathol. Polonica 44: 17-25.
  • Lamb C J (1994). Plant disease resistance genes in signal perception and transduction. Cell 76: 419-422.
  • Lamb C J, Lawton M A, Dron M, Dixon R A (1989). Signal and transduction mechanisms for activation of plant defenses against microbial attack. Cell 56: 215-224.
  • Laterrot H (1985). Susceptibility of the (Pto) plants to Lebaycid insecticide: a tool for breeders? Tomato Genet. Coop. Rep. 35: 6-8.
  • Lawson VF, Summers WL (1984). Resistance to Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato in wild Lycopersicon species. Plant Dis. 68: 139-141.
  • Lawton MB, MacNeill BH (1986). Occurrence of race 1 of Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato on field tomato in southwestern Ontario. Can. J. Plant Pathol. 8: 85-88.
  • Lelliott RA, Stead DE (1987). Methods for the diagnosis of bacterial diseases of plants. In: Preece TF, ed. Methods in Plant Pathology, vol 2. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Scientific Publications, 44– 56.
  • Louws F J, Wilson M, Campbell H L, Cuppels D A, Jones J B, Shoemaker P B, Sahin F, Miller S. A. (2001). Field control of bacterial spot and bacterial speck of tomato. Plant Disease, 85, 481-488.
  • Martin G B, Brommonschenkel S H, Chunwongse J, Frary A, Ganal M W, Spivey R, Wu T, Earle E D, Tanksley SD (1993), Map - based cloning of a protein kinase gene conferring disease resistance in tomato, Science, 262, 1432–1436.
  • Martin GB, Brommonschenkel S H, Chunwongse J, Frary A, Ganal M W (1993a). Map-based cloning of a protein kinase gene conferring disease resistance in tomato. Science 262:1432-1436.
  • Martin GB, De Vicente MC, Tanksley SD (1993b). High resolution linkage analysis and physical characterization of the Pto bacterial resistance locus in tomato. Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact. 6(1): 26-34.
  • Martin GB, Frary A, Wu T, Brommonschenkel S, Chunwongse J, Earle ED, Tanksley SD (1994). A member of the tomato pto gene family confers sensitivity to fenthion resulting in rapid cell death. Plant Cell. 6 (11): 1543-1552.
  • Martin GB, Williams J, Tanskley SD (1991). Rapid identification of markers linked to Pseudomonas resistance gene in tomato by using random primers and nearisogenic lines. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 88: 2336-2340
  • McCarter SM, Jones JB, Gitaitis RD, Smitley DR (1983). Survival of Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato in association with tomato seed, soil, host tissue, and epiphytic weed hosts in Georgia. Phytopathology 73(10): 1393-1398.
  • Milijasevic S, Todorovi C B, Potocnik, I, Rekanivi C E, Stepanovi C M (2009). Effects of copper-based compounds, antibiotics and a plant activator on population sizes and spread of Clavibacter michiganensissubsp. michiganensisin greenhouse tomato seedlings. Pestic. Phytomed. 24, 19-27.
  • Milijasevic S, Todorovic B (2006). Susceptibility of tomato genotypes to Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato in greenhouse conditions. Pestic. Phytomed (Belgrad) 21: 113-120.
  • Mitchell RE, Hale CN, Shanks JC (1983). Production of different pathogenic symptoms and different toxins by strains of Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato not distinguishable by gel-immunodiffusion assay. Physiol. Plant Pathol. 23: 315-322.
  • MSU (1986). Michigan State University, MI, USA, MSTAT Statistic Sofware Program.
  • Pilowsky M, Zutra D (1982). Screening wild tomatoes for resistance to bacterial speck pathogen. Pl. Dis. Vol.66, No 1: 46-47.
  • Pitblado R E, Kerr E A (1980). Resistance to bacterial speck (Pseudomonas tomato) in tomato. Acta Hort. 100:379-382.
  • Pitblado R E, MacNeill B H (1983). Genetic basis of resistance to Pseudomonas syringae pathovar tomato in field tomatoes. Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology, 5, 251-255.
  • Preston G M (2000). Psedomonas syringae pv. tomato: The right pathogen, of the right plant, at the right time. Molecular Plant Pathology, 1, 263-275.
  • Psallidas PG (1988). Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Okabe) Young. In: Smith IM, Dunez J, Philips DH, Lelliot RA, Archer SA (eds). European Handbook of Plant Diseases. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford. pp. 153-154.
  • Ramos R S, Sinigaglia C, Chiba S (1989). Chemical control of bacterial speck (Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato) of tomato. Biologico, 55, 1-3.
  • Riley BK, Martin GB (2001). Ancient origin of pathogen recognation specificity conferred by the tomato disease resistance gene. PNAS 98(4): 2059-2064.
  • Roberts PA (2002). Concepts and consequences of resistance. (Starr, J.L., Cook, R and Bridge, J.(eds)) Plant resistance to parasitic nematodes.CABI Publishing, UK.pp. 23-42.
  • Ronald P C, Salmeron J M, Carland F M, Staskawicz B J (1992). The cloned avirulence gene avrPto induces disease resistance in tomato cultivars containing the Pto resistance gene. J. Bacteriol. 174:1604-1611.
  • Rose L E, Michelmore R W and Langley C H (2006). Natural Variation in the Pto Disease Resistance Gene Within Species of Wild Tomato (Lycopersicon). II. Population Genetics of Pto, Genetics, 175, 1307–1319.
  • Sahin F (2001). Severe outbreak of bacterial speck, caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato, on field-grown tomatoes in eastern Anatolia region of Turkey. New Disease Reports 3, 9.
  • Sahin F, Uslu H, Kotan R, Donmez F (2002). Bacterial canker, caused by Clavibacter michiganensis ssp. michiganensis, on tomatoes in Eastern Anatolia Region of Turkey. Plant Pathology 51, 399.
  • Sahin F, Aysan Y, Saygili H (2004). The first observation of pith necrosis on tomato caused by some Pseudomonas species in Turkey. Acta Hort. 695, 291–293
  • Sahin F, Aysan Y, Saygılı H (2005). First observation of pith necrosis on tomato caused by some Pseudomonas Species in Turkey Proc. 1st IS on Tomato Diseases Eds. M.T. Momol, P. Ji and J.B. Jones, Acta Horticulturae 695, 93-95
  • Sambrook J, Fritschi EF, Maniatis T (1989). Molecular cloning: A laboratory manual, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, New York.
  • Saygili H (1975). Investigation on new bacterial disease of tomatoes in Ege. J. Turk. Phytopathol. 4(2):723-727.
  • Saygili H, Aysan Y, Sahin F, Ustun N, Mirik M (2004). Occurence of pith necrosis caused by Pseudomonas flourescens on tomato plants in Turkey. Plant Pathology 53, 803.
  • Saygili H, Aysan Y, Sahin F, Ustun N, Mirik M (2004). Occurence of pith necrosis caused by Pseudomonas flourescens on tomato plants in Turkey. Plant Pathology 53, 803.
  • Schaad NW, Jones JB, Chun W (2001). Laboratory Guide for Identification of Plant Pathogenic Bacteria. 3rd. Ed. APS Press, St. Paul, MN. USA
  • Scofield S R, Tobias C M, Rathjen J P, Chang J H, Lavelle D T (1996). Molecular basis of gene-for-gene specificity in bacterial speck disease of tomato. Science 274: 2063-2065.
  • Stamova L, Bogatsevska N, Yordanov M (1990). Resistance to race 1 of Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato. TGC Report 40: 33.
  • Staskawicz B J, Ausbel F M, Baker B J, Ellis J G, Jones J D G (1995). Molecular genetics of plant disease resistance. Science 268: 661-667.
  • Stockinger EJ, Walling LL (1994). Pto3 and Pto4: novel genes Lycopersicon hirsutum var. glabratum that confer resistance to Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato. Theor. Appl. Genet. 89: 879-884.
  • Tang X, Frederick R D, Zhou J, Halterman D A, Jia Y, Martin G B (1996). Initiation of plant disease resistance by physical interaction of AvrPto and Pto kinase. Science 274: 2060-2063.
  • Ustun N, Saygili H (2001). Pith necrosis of greenhouse tomatoes in Aegean Region of Turkey. 11th Congress of the Mediterranean Phytopathological Union and 3rd Congress of the Sociedade Portuguesa de Fitopatologia. Evora, Portugal, 17–20 September, pp 70–73.
  • Young JM, Dye DW, Wilkie JP (1986). Bacterial Speck. In: Sherf AF, MacNab AA (eds). Vegetable Diseases and Their Control. John Wiley and Sons Inc, New York. pp. 610-614.
  • Yucel S, Can C, Yurtmen M, Cetinkaya-Yildiz R, Aysan Y (2008). Tomato pathology in Turkey. The European Journal of Plant Science and Biotechnology 2 (1), 38-47.
  • Yunis H, Bashan Y, Okon Y, Henis Y (1980). Two sources of resistance to bacterial speck of tomato caused by Pseudomonas tomato. Plant Dis. 64: 937-939.
Yıl 2014, Cilt: 28 Sayı: 2, 42 - 51, 15.09.2015

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Abak K, Oktem YE, Karakullukcu S (1990). The Breeding of Tomato Resistance to Bacterial Speck Disease (Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato). Turk. J. Agric. For. 14(3): 239-249.
  • Aysan Y (2001). Bacterial stem necrosis of tomato in the greenhouse in the eastern mediterranean region of Turkey. 11th Congress of the Mediterranean Phytopathological Union and 3rd Congress of the Sociedade Portuguesa de Fitopatologia, Evora, Portugal, 17-20 September, pp 301-303
  • Aysan Y, Mirik M, Ustun N, Sahin F, Saygili H (2006). Differences in symptomatic, phenotypic and genotypic characterization of Erwinia and Pseudomonas species causing stem and pith necrosis of tomato in Turkey. In: Proceedings of 12th Congress of the Mediterranean Phytopathological Union, 11-15 June 2006, Rhodes, Greece, 432-437
  • Bashan Y, Okon Y, Henis Y (1978). Infection studies of Pseudomonas tomato, causal agent of bacterial speck of tomato. Phytoparasitica 6: 135-144.
  • Basim H, Basim E, Yilmaz S, Dickstein ER, Jones JB (2004). An outbreak of bacterial speck caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato on tomato transplants grown in commercial seedling companies located in the Western Mediterranean Region of Turkey. Plant Dis. 88(9):1050.
  • Basim H, Basim E, Yilmaz S, Ilkucan M (2005). First report of pith necrosis caused by Pseudomonas mediterranea in Turkey. Plant Pathology 54, 240
  • Bereswill S, Bugert P, Völksch B, Ullrich M, Bender CL, Geider K (1994). Identification and relatedness of coronatine-producing Pseudomonas syringae pathovars by PCR analysis and sequence determination of the amplification products. Appl Environ Microbiol. 60: 2924–2930.
  • Bogatsevska N, Sotirova V, Stamova L (1989). Races of Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Okabe) Young et al. Comptes Rendue de l'Academie Bulgare des Sciences 42, 2: 129-130.
  • Carland FM, Staskawicz BJ (1993). Genetic characterization of the Pto locus of tomato: Semi-dominance and cosegregation of resistance to Pseudomonas syringae pathovar tomato and sensitivity to the insecticide fenthion. Mol. Gen. Genet. 239: 17-27.
  • Carland FM, Staskawicz BJ (1993). Genetic characterization of the Pto locus of tomato: semi-dominance and cosegregation of resistance to Pseudomonas syringae pathovar tomato and sensitivity to the insecticide fenthion. Molecular and General Genetics 239: 1-2, 17-27.
  • Chambers S C, Merriman P R (1975). Perennation and control of Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato in Victoria. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research, 26, 657-663.
  • Chambers SC, Merriman PR (1975). Perennation and control of Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato in Victoria. Aust. J. Agric. Res. 26: 657-663.
  • Chang JH, Tobias CM, Staskawicz BJ, Michelmore RW (2001). Functional studies of the bacterial avirulence protein avrPto by mutational analysis. Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact. 14(4): 451-459.
  • Cinar O (1977). A bacterial disease on tomatoes in Mediterranean Region. Bitki. 4: 282-288.
  • Cinar O, Aysan Y (1995) Detection of Erwinia spp. causing soft rot on tomatoes grown in greenhouses in the eastern Mediterranean region. 7th Turkish Phytopathology Congress, Adana, Turkey, 26-29 September, pp 426-428.
  • Demir G (1990). The occurrence of Pseudomonas corrugata on tomatoes in Turkey. Journal of Turkish Phytopathology, 19, 63-70.
  • Eenink A H (1981). Partial resistance in lettuce to downy mildew (Bremia lactucae). 1. Search for partially resistant genotypes and influence of certain plant characters and environments on the resistance level. Euphytica, 30, 619-628.
  • FAO (2011). www.fao.org/faostat (acces date: November, 2011)
  • Geiger B (1989). Cytoskeleton - associated cell contacts. Curr . Opin . Cell Biol . 1: 103 - 109.
  • Gitaitis RD, Phatak SC, Jaworski CA, Smith MW (1982). Resistance in tomato transplants to bacterial speck. Plant Dis. 66 (3): 210-211.
  • Hammond-Kosack KE, Jones JDG (1996), Inducible plant defense mechanisms and resistance gene function, Plant Cell, 8, 1773 – 1791.
  • Kacar B, Katkat A V (1999). Gübreler ve Gübreleme Tekniği. Uludag Üniv. Güçlendirme Vakfı, Vipas A.S., Bursa.
  • Keen N K, Bent A F, Staskawicz B. J. (1993). Plant disease resistance genes: interactions with pathogens and their immproved utilization to control plant diseases. In Biotechnology in plant disease control (ed. I. Chet), pp. 65-88. New York: Wiley-Liss.
  • Klement Z (1963). Rapid detection of pathogenicity of phytopathogenic pseudomonads. Nature, 199, 299-300.
  • Kozik E U (2002). Studies on resistance to bacterial speck (Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato) in tomato cv. Ontario 7710. Plant Breeding, 121, 526-530.
  • Kozik EU, Sobiczewski P (2000). Response of tomato genotypes to bacterial speck (Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato). A. Physiol. Plant. 22(3): 243-246.
  • Kozik EU, Sobiczewski P (2007). Assessment of inoculation techniques suitability for determination of tomato plants resistance to bacterial speck (Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato). Phytopathol. Polonica 44: 17-25.
  • Kozik EU, Sobiczewski P (2007). Assessment of inoculation techniques suitability for determination of tomato plants resistance to bacterial speck (Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato). Phytopathol. Polonica 44: 17-25.
  • Lamb C J (1994). Plant disease resistance genes in signal perception and transduction. Cell 76: 419-422.
  • Lamb C J, Lawton M A, Dron M, Dixon R A (1989). Signal and transduction mechanisms for activation of plant defenses against microbial attack. Cell 56: 215-224.
  • Laterrot H (1985). Susceptibility of the (Pto) plants to Lebaycid insecticide: a tool for breeders? Tomato Genet. Coop. Rep. 35: 6-8.
  • Lawson VF, Summers WL (1984). Resistance to Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato in wild Lycopersicon species. Plant Dis. 68: 139-141.
  • Lawton MB, MacNeill BH (1986). Occurrence of race 1 of Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato on field tomato in southwestern Ontario. Can. J. Plant Pathol. 8: 85-88.
  • Lelliott RA, Stead DE (1987). Methods for the diagnosis of bacterial diseases of plants. In: Preece TF, ed. Methods in Plant Pathology, vol 2. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Scientific Publications, 44– 56.
  • Louws F J, Wilson M, Campbell H L, Cuppels D A, Jones J B, Shoemaker P B, Sahin F, Miller S. A. (2001). Field control of bacterial spot and bacterial speck of tomato. Plant Disease, 85, 481-488.
  • Martin G B, Brommonschenkel S H, Chunwongse J, Frary A, Ganal M W, Spivey R, Wu T, Earle E D, Tanksley SD (1993), Map - based cloning of a protein kinase gene conferring disease resistance in tomato, Science, 262, 1432–1436.
  • Martin GB, Brommonschenkel S H, Chunwongse J, Frary A, Ganal M W (1993a). Map-based cloning of a protein kinase gene conferring disease resistance in tomato. Science 262:1432-1436.
  • Martin GB, De Vicente MC, Tanksley SD (1993b). High resolution linkage analysis and physical characterization of the Pto bacterial resistance locus in tomato. Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact. 6(1): 26-34.
  • Martin GB, Frary A, Wu T, Brommonschenkel S, Chunwongse J, Earle ED, Tanksley SD (1994). A member of the tomato pto gene family confers sensitivity to fenthion resulting in rapid cell death. Plant Cell. 6 (11): 1543-1552.
  • Martin GB, Williams J, Tanskley SD (1991). Rapid identification of markers linked to Pseudomonas resistance gene in tomato by using random primers and nearisogenic lines. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 88: 2336-2340
  • McCarter SM, Jones JB, Gitaitis RD, Smitley DR (1983). Survival of Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato in association with tomato seed, soil, host tissue, and epiphytic weed hosts in Georgia. Phytopathology 73(10): 1393-1398.
  • Milijasevic S, Todorovi C B, Potocnik, I, Rekanivi C E, Stepanovi C M (2009). Effects of copper-based compounds, antibiotics and a plant activator on population sizes and spread of Clavibacter michiganensissubsp. michiganensisin greenhouse tomato seedlings. Pestic. Phytomed. 24, 19-27.
  • Milijasevic S, Todorovic B (2006). Susceptibility of tomato genotypes to Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato in greenhouse conditions. Pestic. Phytomed (Belgrad) 21: 113-120.
  • Mitchell RE, Hale CN, Shanks JC (1983). Production of different pathogenic symptoms and different toxins by strains of Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato not distinguishable by gel-immunodiffusion assay. Physiol. Plant Pathol. 23: 315-322.
  • MSU (1986). Michigan State University, MI, USA, MSTAT Statistic Sofware Program.
  • Pilowsky M, Zutra D (1982). Screening wild tomatoes for resistance to bacterial speck pathogen. Pl. Dis. Vol.66, No 1: 46-47.
  • Pitblado R E, Kerr E A (1980). Resistance to bacterial speck (Pseudomonas tomato) in tomato. Acta Hort. 100:379-382.
  • Pitblado R E, MacNeill B H (1983). Genetic basis of resistance to Pseudomonas syringae pathovar tomato in field tomatoes. Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology, 5, 251-255.
  • Preston G M (2000). Psedomonas syringae pv. tomato: The right pathogen, of the right plant, at the right time. Molecular Plant Pathology, 1, 263-275.
  • Psallidas PG (1988). Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Okabe) Young. In: Smith IM, Dunez J, Philips DH, Lelliot RA, Archer SA (eds). European Handbook of Plant Diseases. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford. pp. 153-154.
  • Ramos R S, Sinigaglia C, Chiba S (1989). Chemical control of bacterial speck (Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato) of tomato. Biologico, 55, 1-3.
  • Riley BK, Martin GB (2001). Ancient origin of pathogen recognation specificity conferred by the tomato disease resistance gene. PNAS 98(4): 2059-2064.
  • Roberts PA (2002). Concepts and consequences of resistance. (Starr, J.L., Cook, R and Bridge, J.(eds)) Plant resistance to parasitic nematodes.CABI Publishing, UK.pp. 23-42.
  • Ronald P C, Salmeron J M, Carland F M, Staskawicz B J (1992). The cloned avirulence gene avrPto induces disease resistance in tomato cultivars containing the Pto resistance gene. J. Bacteriol. 174:1604-1611.
  • Rose L E, Michelmore R W and Langley C H (2006). Natural Variation in the Pto Disease Resistance Gene Within Species of Wild Tomato (Lycopersicon). II. Population Genetics of Pto, Genetics, 175, 1307–1319.
  • Sahin F (2001). Severe outbreak of bacterial speck, caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato, on field-grown tomatoes in eastern Anatolia region of Turkey. New Disease Reports 3, 9.
  • Sahin F, Uslu H, Kotan R, Donmez F (2002). Bacterial canker, caused by Clavibacter michiganensis ssp. michiganensis, on tomatoes in Eastern Anatolia Region of Turkey. Plant Pathology 51, 399.
  • Sahin F, Aysan Y, Saygili H (2004). The first observation of pith necrosis on tomato caused by some Pseudomonas species in Turkey. Acta Hort. 695, 291–293
  • Sahin F, Aysan Y, Saygılı H (2005). First observation of pith necrosis on tomato caused by some Pseudomonas Species in Turkey Proc. 1st IS on Tomato Diseases Eds. M.T. Momol, P. Ji and J.B. Jones, Acta Horticulturae 695, 93-95
  • Sambrook J, Fritschi EF, Maniatis T (1989). Molecular cloning: A laboratory manual, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, New York.
  • Saygili H (1975). Investigation on new bacterial disease of tomatoes in Ege. J. Turk. Phytopathol. 4(2):723-727.
  • Saygili H, Aysan Y, Sahin F, Ustun N, Mirik M (2004). Occurence of pith necrosis caused by Pseudomonas flourescens on tomato plants in Turkey. Plant Pathology 53, 803.
  • Saygili H, Aysan Y, Sahin F, Ustun N, Mirik M (2004). Occurence of pith necrosis caused by Pseudomonas flourescens on tomato plants in Turkey. Plant Pathology 53, 803.
  • Schaad NW, Jones JB, Chun W (2001). Laboratory Guide for Identification of Plant Pathogenic Bacteria. 3rd. Ed. APS Press, St. Paul, MN. USA
  • Scofield S R, Tobias C M, Rathjen J P, Chang J H, Lavelle D T (1996). Molecular basis of gene-for-gene specificity in bacterial speck disease of tomato. Science 274: 2063-2065.
  • Stamova L, Bogatsevska N, Yordanov M (1990). Resistance to race 1 of Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato. TGC Report 40: 33.
  • Staskawicz B J, Ausbel F M, Baker B J, Ellis J G, Jones J D G (1995). Molecular genetics of plant disease resistance. Science 268: 661-667.
  • Stockinger EJ, Walling LL (1994). Pto3 and Pto4: novel genes Lycopersicon hirsutum var. glabratum that confer resistance to Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato. Theor. Appl. Genet. 89: 879-884.
  • Tang X, Frederick R D, Zhou J, Halterman D A, Jia Y, Martin G B (1996). Initiation of plant disease resistance by physical interaction of AvrPto and Pto kinase. Science 274: 2060-2063.
  • Ustun N, Saygili H (2001). Pith necrosis of greenhouse tomatoes in Aegean Region of Turkey. 11th Congress of the Mediterranean Phytopathological Union and 3rd Congress of the Sociedade Portuguesa de Fitopatologia. Evora, Portugal, 17–20 September, pp 70–73.
  • Young JM, Dye DW, Wilkie JP (1986). Bacterial Speck. In: Sherf AF, MacNab AA (eds). Vegetable Diseases and Their Control. John Wiley and Sons Inc, New York. pp. 610-614.
  • Yucel S, Can C, Yurtmen M, Cetinkaya-Yildiz R, Aysan Y (2008). Tomato pathology in Turkey. The European Journal of Plant Science and Biotechnology 2 (1), 38-47.
  • Yunis H, Bashan Y, Okon Y, Henis Y (1980). Two sources of resistance to bacterial speck of tomato caused by Pseudomonas tomato. Plant Dis. 64: 937-939.
Toplam 73 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Bölüm Review Articles
Yazarlar

Oznur Ekici Bu kişi benim

Kubilay Baştaş

Yayımlanma Tarihi 15 Eylül 2015
Gönderilme Tarihi 26 Ağustos 2015
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2014 Cilt: 28 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

EndNote Ekici O, Baştaş K (01 Eylül 2015) Determination of the Resistance Reactions of Some Tomato Cultivars against Bacterial Speck Disease. Selcuk Journal of Agriculture and Food Sciences 28 2 42–51.

Selcuk Journal of Agriculture and Food Sciences Creative Commons Atıf-GayriTicari 4.0 Uluslararası Lisansı (CC BY NC) ile lisanslanmıştır.