Araştırma Makalesi
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Nontarget Effects of Perticides on Soilborne Plant Pathogens

Yıl 1997, Cilt: 11 Sayı: 15, 103 - 112, 15.07.1997

Öz

Pesticides may affect crop plants in addition to targets (weeds/pathogens/Insects) whether directly or indirectly by their effect on other organisms which may lead to harmful or benefical effects. Crop plants form various kinds of relationships with other organisms. e.g.. pathogens. Discase of the cach of plant is the final result of a compatible interaction which occurs under suitable conditions between a particular pathogen and host. Other living components connected with disease are the surrounding microflora and fauna which may affect either the pathogen, the host, or both by their antagonistic or synergistic actions. Pesticides in their original form or their degradation products may interact in different ways with any one of the organisms Involved in the disease, at one or more points in the chain of events leading to disease development. The final result may be an increase, decrease, or no change in disease severity or its incidence. The extreme case may be severe outbreak of a "new" disease which was of negligible importance before the application of the herbicide, whereas the other extreme would be the complete climination of an existing severe disease. Soil pathogens are more likely to be affected, since most of the pesticides reach the soil sooner or later.

Destekleyen Kurum

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Kaynakça

  • Altman, J., 1969. Predisposition of sugarbeets to Rhizoctonia damping off with her- bicides, Phytopathology, 59, 1015.
  • Altman, J. and C.L., Campbell, 1977. Effect of herbicides on plant diseases, Annu. Rev. Phytopathol., 15, 361.
  • Backman, P.A., R. Rodriques-Kabana and J.C., Willams, 1975. The effect of peanut leaf spot fungicides on the nontarget pathogen, Sclerottum rolfsit, Phytopa- thology, 65, 773.
  • Chopra, B.K., E.A. Curl and R., Rodriquez-Kabana, 1970. Influence of prometryne in soil on growth related activities of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum, Phytopathology, 60, 77.
  • Curl, E.A, R. Rodriquez-Kabana and H.H., Funderburk, 1968. Influence of atrazine and varied carbon and nitrogen amendments on growth of Sclerotium rolfsit and Trichoderma viride in soil, Phytopathology, 58, 323.
  • Davis, D. and A.E., Dimond, 1953. Inducing disease resistance with plant growth regulators, Phytopathology, 43, 137.
  • Erwin, D.C., 1977. Systemic fungicides: disease control, translocation, and mode of action, Annu. Rev. Phytopathology, 11, 389.
  • Garett, S.D., 1970. Pathogenic Root Infecting Fungi, Cambridge University Press, New York.
  • Gibson, I.A.S., 1956. Trials of fungicides for the control of damping-off in pine seedl- Ings, Phytopathology, 46, 181.
  • Gibson, I.A.S. M. Ledger, and E. Boehm, 1961. An anomalous effect of PCNB on the Incidence of damping-off caused by Pythtum sp., Phytopathology, 51, 531.
  • Katan, J. and Y. Eshel, 1973. Interactions between herbicides and plant pathogens, Res. Rev., 45, 145.
  • Kaufman, D.D., 1964. Effect of S-triazine and phenylurea herbicides on soll fungi in corn and soybean cropped soil. Phytopathology, 54, 897.
  • Lai, M.T. and G. Semenuik, 1970. Picloram-Induced increase of carbonhydrate exu- dation from corn seedlings, Phytopathology, 60, 563.
  • Neubauer, R. and Z., Avizohar-Hershensen, 1973. Effect of the herbicide, Trifluralin, on Rhizoctonia disease in cotton, Phytopathology, 63, 651.
  • Papavizas, G.C. and, J.A., Lewis, 1979. Side effects of pesticides on soll-borne plant pathogens, in Soll-Borne Plant Pathogens, Schippers, B. and Gams W., Eds.. Academic Press, London.

Toprak Kaynaklı Bitki Patojenlerine Pestisitlerin Hedef Dışı Etkileri

Yıl 1997, Cilt: 11 Sayı: 15, 103 - 112, 15.07.1997

Öz

Pestisitler hedef organizmalara (Yot / patojenler / böcekler) ilaveten doğrudan ve dolaylı olarak kültür bitkilerint etkileyebilirler. Bunların diğer organtzmalarda, faydalı veya zararı etkileri ortaya çıkabilir. Kültür bitkileri bitki patojenleriyle olduğu gibi diğer organizmalar ile de çok değişik şekillerde ilişki halinde bulunurlar. Herhangi bir bitkide hastalık konuçku ve ilgili patojen arasında uygun şartlar altında, uygun interaksiyonun sonucu olarak ortaya çıktığı görülür. Hastalık ile mevcut yaşayan diğer komponentler, etment çevreleyen mikroflora ve faunanın antagonistik veya sinerjistlik aktiviteleri ile ya patojent ya konukçuyu veya her ikisini etkileyebilirler. Orijinal formdaki pestisitler veya bunların parçalanma ürünleri hastalığa neden olan organizmaların herhangi birini, hastalığın gelişmesine neden olan olaylar zincirindeki bir veya birden fazla noktalar ile etkileyebilirler. Sonuçta hastalıkta artış, azalma olabilir veya hastalığın şiddetinde ve çıkışında herhangi bir değişiklik olmayabilir. Ekstrem durumda, herbisit uygulamasından önce ekonomik önemi olmayan (göz ardı edilen) bir hastalık, herbisit uygulaması ile şiddetli bir şekilde ortaya çıkabilir. Halbuki başka bir ekstrem durumda mevcut olan şiddetli bir hastalığın tamamen ortadan kaldırılması söz konusu olabilir. Muhtemelen toprak patojenleri bu durumdan daha çok etkilenebilirler. Çünkü pestisitlerin çoğunun er veya geç dolaylı yollardan toprağa ulaşması ve kimyasal mücadele metod seçiminde bazı kriterlerin göz önüne alınmaması. pestisitlerin toprak patojenleri üzerindeki hedef dışı etkilerinin artmasına neden olur.

Destekleyen Kurum

SELÇUK ÜNİVERSİTESİ

Kaynakça

  • Altman, J., 1969. Predisposition of sugarbeets to Rhizoctonia damping off with her- bicides, Phytopathology, 59, 1015.
  • Altman, J. and C.L., Campbell, 1977. Effect of herbicides on plant diseases, Annu. Rev. Phytopathol., 15, 361.
  • Backman, P.A., R. Rodriques-Kabana and J.C., Willams, 1975. The effect of peanut leaf spot fungicides on the nontarget pathogen, Sclerottum rolfsit, Phytopa- thology, 65, 773.
  • Chopra, B.K., E.A. Curl and R., Rodriquez-Kabana, 1970. Influence of prometryne in soil on growth related activities of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum, Phytopathology, 60, 77.
  • Curl, E.A, R. Rodriquez-Kabana and H.H., Funderburk, 1968. Influence of atrazine and varied carbon and nitrogen amendments on growth of Sclerotium rolfsit and Trichoderma viride in soil, Phytopathology, 58, 323.
  • Davis, D. and A.E., Dimond, 1953. Inducing disease resistance with plant growth regulators, Phytopathology, 43, 137.
  • Erwin, D.C., 1977. Systemic fungicides: disease control, translocation, and mode of action, Annu. Rev. Phytopathology, 11, 389.
  • Garett, S.D., 1970. Pathogenic Root Infecting Fungi, Cambridge University Press, New York.
  • Gibson, I.A.S., 1956. Trials of fungicides for the control of damping-off in pine seedl- Ings, Phytopathology, 46, 181.
  • Gibson, I.A.S. M. Ledger, and E. Boehm, 1961. An anomalous effect of PCNB on the Incidence of damping-off caused by Pythtum sp., Phytopathology, 51, 531.
  • Katan, J. and Y. Eshel, 1973. Interactions between herbicides and plant pathogens, Res. Rev., 45, 145.
  • Kaufman, D.D., 1964. Effect of S-triazine and phenylurea herbicides on soll fungi in corn and soybean cropped soil. Phytopathology, 54, 897.
  • Lai, M.T. and G. Semenuik, 1970. Picloram-Induced increase of carbonhydrate exu- dation from corn seedlings, Phytopathology, 60, 563.
  • Neubauer, R. and Z., Avizohar-Hershensen, 1973. Effect of the herbicide, Trifluralin, on Rhizoctonia disease in cotton, Phytopathology, 63, 651.
  • Papavizas, G.C. and, J.A., Lewis, 1979. Side effects of pesticides on soll-borne plant pathogens, in Soll-Borne Plant Pathogens, Schippers, B. and Gams W., Eds.. Academic Press, London.
Toplam 15 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Bitki Koruma (Diğer)
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Nuh Boyraz Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 15 Temmuz 1997
Gönderilme Tarihi 5 Ocak 1997
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 1997 Cilt: 11 Sayı: 15

Kaynak Göster

EndNote Boyraz N (01 Temmuz 1997) Nontarget Effects of Perticides on Soilborne Plant Pathogens. Selcuk Journal of Agriculture and Food Sciences 11 15 103–112.

Selcuk Journal of Agriculture and Food Sciences Creative Commons Atıf-GayriTicari 4.0 Uluslararası Lisansı (CC BY NC) ile lisanslanmıştır.