The Relationship of Urban Transformation with Neighborhood Attachment in Istanbul: Types of Intervention and Older People

Öz

Mass urban interventions have been highlighted to have negative effects on neighborhood attachment in old age. However, this situation has been revealed mostly in studies focusing on the Anglo-American context while overlapping the literature on displacement literature and being supported by the literature on gentrification. Therefore, extending related studies to non-Western contexts will enrich the literature. As an example, Istanbul is the city in Türkiye with the highest percentage of an older population and has been undergoing a comprehensive demolition and resettlement process, particularly state-led interventions targeting poorer slums and inner-city neighborhoods. This study uses quantitative methods to investigate the relationship between the type of intervention (state-led, market-led, or mixed model) and older people’s neighborhood attachment in Istanbul. According to the analysis, contrary to expectations, neighborhood attachment has not changed in the direction of decreasing in state-led urban regeneration practices. Although state-led urban regeneration interventions occasionally result in displacement, some positive changes have been reported in terms of housing comfort, safety, and neighborhood prestige, thus mitigating the expected negative effects on neighborhood attachment, which is an outcome that has received little attention in the literature.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• State-led urban regeneration
• Neighborhood attachment
• Displacement
• Place attachment
• Age-friendly city
• Sense of place

İstanbul’da Kentsel Dönüşümün Mahalle Aidiyeti ile İlişkisi: Müdahale Türleri ve Yaşlılar

Öz

Kitlesel kentsel müdahalelerin yaşlılıkta mahalle aidiyeti üzerinde olumsuz etkileri öne çıkmaktadır. Bununla birlikte yerinden edilme literatürüyle örtüşen bu durum çoğu Anglo-Amerikan bağlamına odaklanan çalışmalarda ortaya koyulmuş ve soylulaştırma literatürüyle desteklenmiştir. Dolayısıyla ilgili literatürün Batı dışı bağlama genişletilmesi literatürü zenginleştirecektir. Türkiye’de en yüksek yaşlı nüfus oranına sahip il olan İstanbul, özellikle devlet tarafından yönetilen ve yoksul gecekondu mahalleleri ile kent içi mahalleleri hedef alan kapsamlı bir yıkım ve yeniden yerleştirme sürecinden geçmektedir. Bu çalışma, nicel yöntemler kullanarak, müdahale türü (devlet öncülüğünde, piyasa öncülüğünde veya karma model) ile İstanbul’daki yaşlıların mahalle aidiyetleri arasındaki ilişkileri araştırmaktadır. Yapılan analize göre, öngörülenin aksine, devlet öncülüğündeki kentsel dönüşüm uygulamalarında mahalle aidiyeti azalma yönünde değişim göstermemiştir. Devlet öncülüğündeki kentsel dönüşümler kimi zaman yer değiştirmeyle sonuçlansa da konut konforu, güvenlik ve mahalle prestiji açısından bazı olumlu değişiklikler rapor edilmiştir ve bu da literatürde çok az dikkat edilen bir sonuç olarak mahalle aidiyeti üzerindeki beklenen olumsuz etkileri hafifletmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Devlet öncülüğünde kentsel dönüşüm
• Mahalle aidiyeti
• Yerinden edilme
• Yer bağlılığı
• Yaş dostu kent
• Mekân duygusu

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