Yenilenebilir Enerji Kaynaklarının Etkin Kullanımı İçin Bir Model Önerisi: Şehir Enerji Kooperatifleri
Yıl 2018,
Cilt: 6 Sayı: 4, 31 - 42, 01.10.2018
İmam Bakır Kanlı
Burak Kaplan
Öz
Bu çalışmada enerji kaynaklarının sürdürülebilir kılınması için şehir ölçeğinde bir model önerisi sunulmaktadır. Oluşturulacak enerji kooperatifleriyle o bölgede yaşayanların yenilenebilir enerji kaynaklarını daha etkin kullanması amaçlanmaktadır. Modelin şehir, büyükşehir ve bölgeşehir ölçeğinde uygulanabilir bir yaklaşımla ele alınması çalışmayı daha da önemli bir hale getirmektedir. Model, şehir ölçeğinde sınırlandırılarak temel dinamikler tartışılmıştır. Çalışmanın yönteminde SWOT Analizi tekniği kullanılarak bir senteze ulaşılmış ve öneriler yapılarak sonuçlandırılmıştır. Ayrıca literatür taraması ve ilgili kurum ve kuruluşların yayınladıkları teknik ve analitik raporlardan da yararlanılmıştır.
Kaynakça
- Ayan, Tuba Yakıcı ve Hakan Pabuçcu (2013), “Yenilenebilir Enerji Kaynakları Yatırım Projelerinin Analitik Hiyerarşi Süreci Yöntemi ile Değerlendirilmesi”, Süleyman Demirel İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, C.18, S.3, ss. 89-110.
- Ayanoğlu, Gülsüm Gözde Durmaz (2014), “Dünya Örnekleri ile Yenilenebilir Enerji Kooperatifleri”, Enerji Uzmanları Derneği Enerji Piyasası Bülteni, http://koop.gtb.gov.tr/data/53be78f6f293708e6804beae/YENİLENEBİLİR%20ENERJİ%20KOOPERATİFLERİ%20EPDK%20MAKALE-04%2002%202014.pdf, S.31, ss. 1-9, [15.08.2018].
- Baywind Energy Co-operative Limited (2018), “Energy4All”, http://www.baywind.coop/energy4all/, [15.08.2018].
- Cebeci, Ayşe Nuray (2018), “Dünya’da Yenilenebilir Enerji Kooperatifleri, Türkiye’de Doğal Mucize Güneş Enerjisi Kooperatiflerinin Gerekliliği Üzerine”, Journal of Strategic Research in Social Science, V.4, No.2, pp. 1-22.
- Ertürk, Ferruh (2009), “Nükleer Enerji ve Çevre”, http://www.tasam.org/Files/Icerik/File/nukleer_enerji_ve_cevre_67602d5c-ba97-4eb3-ac9b-44e6da8e44a3.pdf, [15.08.2018].
- Geller, Howard (2002), “Energy Revolution: Policies for a Sustainable Future”, Island Press, Washington DC.
- Geray, Cevat (1992), “Kooperatifçiliğin Dünya’da ve Türkiye’deki Nicel Gelişimi”, SBF Dergisi, C.47, S.1, ss. 427-441.
- Gupta, Avijit (1993), “Üçüncü Dünya Ülkelerinde Çevre ve Kalkınma” (Çev. Şükrü Alpagut), Kabalcı Yayınları, İstanbul.
- Harun, Mohd Zainal Munshid and Othman Chin (2015), “Examining the Association Between Group Cohesion and Group Performance in the Co-Operative Movement”, International Journal of Business and Industrial Marketing, V.1, No.2, pp. 26-30.
- Harun, Mohd Zainal Munshid and Rosli Bin Mahmood (2012), “The Relationship Between Group Cohensiveness and Performance: An Empirical Study of Cooperatives Movement in Malaysia”, International Journal of Cooperative Studies, V.1, No.1, pp. 15-20.
- Ifenkwe, Godwin (2012), “Analysis of Pull and Push Factors in Cooperative Business Organization in Abia State, Nigeria”, International Journal of Cooperative Studies, V.1, No.1, pp. 21-24.
- International Co-operative Alliance (2018), Co-operative Identity, Values & Principles. https://ica.coop/en/whats-co-op/co-operative-identity-values-principles, [15.08.2018].
- Kanlı, İmam Bakır (2016), “Sürdürülebilir Gelişmeyi Sağlamada Stratejik Bir Araç: Mahalle Kooperatifleri”, Çağdaş Yerel Yönetimler Dergisi, C.25, S.3, ss. 1-34.
- Kaya, Oral (2017), “Enerji Kooperatifleri El Kitabı”, http://www.yenkoop.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/Enerji-Kooperatifleri-El-Kitabı.pdf, [15.08.2018].
- Kooperatifçilik Genel Müdürlüğü (2018), “Yenilenebilir Enerji Üretim Kooperatifleri”, http://koop.gtb.gov.tr/data/51f8f4a5487c8e0cd860782d/BROSUR-YEUK.pdf, [15.08.2018].
- Liu, Li-qun and Zhi-xin Wang (2009), “The Development and Application Practice of Wind-Solar Energy Hybird Generation Systems”, Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews, V.13, No.6-7, pp. 1504-1512.
- Mori, Pier Angelo (2014), “Community and Cooperation: The Evolution of Cooperatives toward New Models of Citizens’ Democratic Participation in Public Services Provision”, Annals of Public and Cooperative Economics, V.85, No.3, pp. 327-352.
- Mutlu, Ahmet (2002), “Nükleer Demodelik mi, Sürdürülebilir Enerji mi”, Standart, C.41, S.487, ss. 64-72.
- Özkaya, Simla Yasemin (2004), “Yenilenebilir Enerji Kaynakları”, Uluslararası Ekonomik Sorunlar Dergisi, S. 14, http://www.mfa.gov.tr/yenilenebilir-enerji-kaynaklari.tr.mfa, [15.08.2018].
- Picciotti, Antonio, Andrea Bernardoni and Massimo Cossignani (2014), “Social Cooperatives in Italy: Economic Antecedents and Regional Distribution”, Annals of Public and Cooperative Economics, V.85, No.2, pp. 213-231.
- Rochdale Pioneers Museum (2018), “The Rochdale Principles”, https://www.rochdalepioneersmuseum.coop/about-us/the-rochdale-principles/, [15.08.2018].
- United Nations Development Programme (2011), “Environment and Energy. Energy for People-Centred Sustainable Development”, https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/content/documents/957055_Energy%20for%20People%20Centred%20Sust%20Dev%202011_brochure.pdf, [15.05.2018].
- United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs (2012), “Division for Sustainable Development. Perspectives on Sustainable Energy for the 21th Century”, https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/content/documents/1131Energy_SD21.pdf, [15.08.2018].
- Yearbook EnerData, https://yearbook.enerdata.net/total-energy/world-consumption-statistics.html, [15.08.2018].
- Yearbook EnerData, https://yearbook.enerdata.net/renewables/wind-solar-share-electricity-production.html, [15.08.2018].
- Yearbook EnerData, https://yearbook.enerdata.net/renewables/wind-solar-share-electricity-production.html, [15.08.2018].
- Yılmaz, İlker, Mustafa İlbaş ve Şükrü Su (2003), “Türkiye Rüzgar Enerjisi Potansiyelinin Değerlendirilmesi”, Yeni ve Yenilenebilir Enerji Kaynakları Sempozyumu, TMMOB, 3-4 Ekim 2003, Kayseri, ss. 399-401.
- Yıldırım, Metin ve İbrahim Örnek (2007), “Enerjide Son Seçim: Nükleer Enerji”, Gaziantep Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, C.6, S.1, ss. 32-44.
- Verhees, Frans, Panagiota Sergaki and Gert Van Dijk (2015), “Building Up Active Membership in Cooperatives”, New Medit: Mediterranean Journal of Economics, Agriculture and Environment, V.14, No.1, pp. 42-52.
- Willis, Rebecca and Jenny Willis (2012), “Cooperative Renewable Energy in the UK; a Guide to This Growing Sector”, https://www.uk.coop/sites/default/files/uploads/attachments/renewableenergy_0_0_0.pdf, [15.08.2018].
- Zaimova, Darina, George Zheliazkov and Veneta Gaidardjieva (2012), “Cooperative Movement and Rural Development in Bulgaria: Policy Support and Practical Implementation”, International Journal of Cooperative Studies, V.1, No.2, pp. 47-54.
A Model Suggestion for Effıcient Use of Renewable Energy Sources Urban Energy Cooperatives
Yıl 2018,
Cilt: 6 Sayı: 4, 31 - 42, 01.10.2018
İmam Bakır Kanlı
Burak Kaplan
Öz
In this study, a model proposal is suggested in order to make energy sources sustainable. With the energy cooperatives to be established, it is aimed to use renewable energy resources more effectively in the area. Taking the model with a viable approach to urban and metropolis scale makes the study even more important. The model is limited in urban scale and basic dynamics are discussed. In the method of study, a synthesis was reached by using SWOT Analysis and the suggestions were made and concluded. In additon, literature review and technical and analytical reports published by related institutions and organizations were also used.
Kaynakça
- Ayan, Tuba Yakıcı ve Hakan Pabuçcu (2013), “Yenilenebilir Enerji Kaynakları Yatırım Projelerinin Analitik Hiyerarşi Süreci Yöntemi ile Değerlendirilmesi”, Süleyman Demirel İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, C.18, S.3, ss. 89-110.
- Ayanoğlu, Gülsüm Gözde Durmaz (2014), “Dünya Örnekleri ile Yenilenebilir Enerji Kooperatifleri”, Enerji Uzmanları Derneği Enerji Piyasası Bülteni, http://koop.gtb.gov.tr/data/53be78f6f293708e6804beae/YENİLENEBİLİR%20ENERJİ%20KOOPERATİFLERİ%20EPDK%20MAKALE-04%2002%202014.pdf, S.31, ss. 1-9, [15.08.2018].
- Baywind Energy Co-operative Limited (2018), “Energy4All”, http://www.baywind.coop/energy4all/, [15.08.2018].
- Cebeci, Ayşe Nuray (2018), “Dünya’da Yenilenebilir Enerji Kooperatifleri, Türkiye’de Doğal Mucize Güneş Enerjisi Kooperatiflerinin Gerekliliği Üzerine”, Journal of Strategic Research in Social Science, V.4, No.2, pp. 1-22.
- Ertürk, Ferruh (2009), “Nükleer Enerji ve Çevre”, http://www.tasam.org/Files/Icerik/File/nukleer_enerji_ve_cevre_67602d5c-ba97-4eb3-ac9b-44e6da8e44a3.pdf, [15.08.2018].
- Geller, Howard (2002), “Energy Revolution: Policies for a Sustainable Future”, Island Press, Washington DC.
- Geray, Cevat (1992), “Kooperatifçiliğin Dünya’da ve Türkiye’deki Nicel Gelişimi”, SBF Dergisi, C.47, S.1, ss. 427-441.
- Gupta, Avijit (1993), “Üçüncü Dünya Ülkelerinde Çevre ve Kalkınma” (Çev. Şükrü Alpagut), Kabalcı Yayınları, İstanbul.
- Harun, Mohd Zainal Munshid and Othman Chin (2015), “Examining the Association Between Group Cohesion and Group Performance in the Co-Operative Movement”, International Journal of Business and Industrial Marketing, V.1, No.2, pp. 26-30.
- Harun, Mohd Zainal Munshid and Rosli Bin Mahmood (2012), “The Relationship Between Group Cohensiveness and Performance: An Empirical Study of Cooperatives Movement in Malaysia”, International Journal of Cooperative Studies, V.1, No.1, pp. 15-20.
- Ifenkwe, Godwin (2012), “Analysis of Pull and Push Factors in Cooperative Business Organization in Abia State, Nigeria”, International Journal of Cooperative Studies, V.1, No.1, pp. 21-24.
- International Co-operative Alliance (2018), Co-operative Identity, Values & Principles. https://ica.coop/en/whats-co-op/co-operative-identity-values-principles, [15.08.2018].
- Kanlı, İmam Bakır (2016), “Sürdürülebilir Gelişmeyi Sağlamada Stratejik Bir Araç: Mahalle Kooperatifleri”, Çağdaş Yerel Yönetimler Dergisi, C.25, S.3, ss. 1-34.
- Kaya, Oral (2017), “Enerji Kooperatifleri El Kitabı”, http://www.yenkoop.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/Enerji-Kooperatifleri-El-Kitabı.pdf, [15.08.2018].
- Kooperatifçilik Genel Müdürlüğü (2018), “Yenilenebilir Enerji Üretim Kooperatifleri”, http://koop.gtb.gov.tr/data/51f8f4a5487c8e0cd860782d/BROSUR-YEUK.pdf, [15.08.2018].
- Liu, Li-qun and Zhi-xin Wang (2009), “The Development and Application Practice of Wind-Solar Energy Hybird Generation Systems”, Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews, V.13, No.6-7, pp. 1504-1512.
- Mori, Pier Angelo (2014), “Community and Cooperation: The Evolution of Cooperatives toward New Models of Citizens’ Democratic Participation in Public Services Provision”, Annals of Public and Cooperative Economics, V.85, No.3, pp. 327-352.
- Mutlu, Ahmet (2002), “Nükleer Demodelik mi, Sürdürülebilir Enerji mi”, Standart, C.41, S.487, ss. 64-72.
- Özkaya, Simla Yasemin (2004), “Yenilenebilir Enerji Kaynakları”, Uluslararası Ekonomik Sorunlar Dergisi, S. 14, http://www.mfa.gov.tr/yenilenebilir-enerji-kaynaklari.tr.mfa, [15.08.2018].
- Picciotti, Antonio, Andrea Bernardoni and Massimo Cossignani (2014), “Social Cooperatives in Italy: Economic Antecedents and Regional Distribution”, Annals of Public and Cooperative Economics, V.85, No.2, pp. 213-231.
- Rochdale Pioneers Museum (2018), “The Rochdale Principles”, https://www.rochdalepioneersmuseum.coop/about-us/the-rochdale-principles/, [15.08.2018].
- United Nations Development Programme (2011), “Environment and Energy. Energy for People-Centred Sustainable Development”, https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/content/documents/957055_Energy%20for%20People%20Centred%20Sust%20Dev%202011_brochure.pdf, [15.05.2018].
- United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs (2012), “Division for Sustainable Development. Perspectives on Sustainable Energy for the 21th Century”, https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/content/documents/1131Energy_SD21.pdf, [15.08.2018].
- Yearbook EnerData, https://yearbook.enerdata.net/total-energy/world-consumption-statistics.html, [15.08.2018].
- Yearbook EnerData, https://yearbook.enerdata.net/renewables/wind-solar-share-electricity-production.html, [15.08.2018].
- Yearbook EnerData, https://yearbook.enerdata.net/renewables/wind-solar-share-electricity-production.html, [15.08.2018].
- Yılmaz, İlker, Mustafa İlbaş ve Şükrü Su (2003), “Türkiye Rüzgar Enerjisi Potansiyelinin Değerlendirilmesi”, Yeni ve Yenilenebilir Enerji Kaynakları Sempozyumu, TMMOB, 3-4 Ekim 2003, Kayseri, ss. 399-401.
- Yıldırım, Metin ve İbrahim Örnek (2007), “Enerjide Son Seçim: Nükleer Enerji”, Gaziantep Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, C.6, S.1, ss. 32-44.
- Verhees, Frans, Panagiota Sergaki and Gert Van Dijk (2015), “Building Up Active Membership in Cooperatives”, New Medit: Mediterranean Journal of Economics, Agriculture and Environment, V.14, No.1, pp. 42-52.
- Willis, Rebecca and Jenny Willis (2012), “Cooperative Renewable Energy in the UK; a Guide to This Growing Sector”, https://www.uk.coop/sites/default/files/uploads/attachments/renewableenergy_0_0_0.pdf, [15.08.2018].
- Zaimova, Darina, George Zheliazkov and Veneta Gaidardjieva (2012), “Cooperative Movement and Rural Development in Bulgaria: Policy Support and Practical Implementation”, International Journal of Cooperative Studies, V.1, No.2, pp. 47-54.