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Girişimcilik ve Ekonomik Büyüme İlişkisi: Türkiye Örneği

Yıl 2017, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 2, 213 - 227, 01.04.2017

Öz

Son yıllarda girişimcilik ile ekonomik büyüme ilişkisi üzerine teorik ve amripik literatürün geliştiği görülmektedir. Girişimcilik yeni fikirlerin yaratılması, yayılması ve kabulünü hızlandırarak, yeni firma kurulumlarıyla ekonomik kaynakları harekete geçirerek, yeni istihdam alanları yaratarak, yenilikçi uygulamalarla verimlilik artışına katkı sağlayarak gelir ve refah artışına yol açabilmektedir. Ekonomik büyümenin açıklanmasında girişimciliğin temel bir rol üstlendiğini ileri süren bu çalışma, VAR analizine dayalı Johansen Eşbütünleşme testi sonuçlarına göre, Türkiye ekonomisi örneğinde girişimciliğin serbest meslek sahibi ekonomik büyümeyi pozitif ve istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir şekilde etkilediğini göstermektedir.

Kaynakça

  • Acs, J.Z. and Storey, J.D., (2004), “Introduction: Entrepreneurship and Economic Development”, Regional Suties, 38(8): 871-877.
  • Audretsch, D.B., (2004), “Sustaining Innovation and Growth: Public Policy Support for Entrepreneurship”, Industry and Innovation, 11(3): 167-191.
  • Audretsch, D.B., (1995), Innovation and Industry Evolution. Cambridge, MA: MIT Pres.
  • Audretsch, D.B. and Thurik, R., (2001), “Linking Entrepreneurship to Growth” OECD Science, Technology and Industry Working Papers, 2001/2: 1-33.
  • Audretsch, D.B. and Fritsch, M., (2002), “Growth Regimes over Time and Space”, Regional Studies, 36(2): 113-124.
  • Audretsch, D.B. and Keilbach, M., (2004), “Entrepreneurship Capital and Economic Performance”, Regional Studies, 38(8): 949-959.
  • Audretsch, D.B. and Keilbach, M., (2008), “Resolving the Knowledge Paradox: Knowledge- Spillover Entrepreneurship and Economic Growth” Resarch Policy, 37: 1697-1705.
  • Audretsch, D.B. Belitski, M. and Desai, S., (2015), “Entrepreneurship and Economic Development in Cities” Ann. Reg. Sci., 55: 33-60.
  • Barro R. J. and Sala-I-Martin. X., (1995), Economic Growth. McGraw-Hill, New York.
  • Berkowitz, D. and Dejong, D.N., (2005), “Entrepreneurship and Post-Socialist Growth” Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 67(1): 25-46.
  • Blanchflower, D.G., (2000), “Self- Employment in OECD Countries”, Labour Economics, 7: 471- 505.
  • Box, M. Lin, X. and Gratzer, K., (2014), “ Linking Entrepreneurship and Economic Growth in Sweden, 1850-2000. PESO Working Papers, School of Social Sciences, Södertörn Universty
  • Braunerhjelm, P. and Borgman, B., (2004), “Geographical Concentration, Entrepreneurship and Regional Growth: Evidence from Regional Data in Sweden, 1975-99”, Regional Studies, 38(8): 929-947.
  • Braunerhjelm, P., Acs, Z. J., Audretsch, D.B. and Carlsson, B., (2010), “The Missing Link : Knowledge Diffusion and Entrepreneurship in Endogenous Growth”, Small Business Economics, 34: 105-125.
  • Callejon, M. and Segarra, A., (1999), “ Business Dynamics and Efficieny in Industries and Regions: The Case of Spain”, Small Business Economics, 13: 253-271.
  • Carree, M.A. and Thurik, A.R., (2008), “The Lag Structure of the Impact of Business Ownership on Economic Performance in OECD Countries”, Small Business Economics, 30: 101-110.
  • Carree, M.A. and Thurik, A.R., (2005), “The Impact of Entrepreneurship on Economic Growth” in ACS, J. and Audretsch, D. B. (eds) Handbook of Entrepreneurship Resarch, Kluwer Academic Publishers. USA
  • De Vita, G., Endresen, K. ve Hunt, L.C., (2006), “An Empirical Analysis of Energy Demand in Namibia”, Energy Policy, 34: 3447-3463.
  • Dickey, D.A. ve Fuller, W.A., (1981), “Likelihood Ratio Statistics for an Autoregressive Time Series with a Unit Root”, Econometrica, 49: 1057-1072.
  • Ericson, R. and Pakes, A., (1995), Markov-Pefect Industry Dynamics: A Framework for Amprical Work, Review of Economic Studies, 62: 53-82.
  • Fischer, M.M., ve Nijkamp, P., (2009), “Entrepreneurship and Regional Development”, in Capello, R. ve Nijkamp, P. (eds), Handbook of Regional Grovth and Development Theories, Massachusets, Edvard Elgar, 1-16.
  • Fritsch, M. ve Storey J. D., (2014), “Entrepreneurship in a Regional Context: Historical Roots, Recent Developments and Future Challenges”, Regional Studies, 48(6): 939-954.
  • Hopenhayn, H.A., (1992), Entry, Exit and Firm Dynamics in Long Run Equilibrium, Econometrica, 60: 1127-1150.
  • Johansen, S. ve Juselius, K., (1990), “Maximum Likelihood Estimation and Inference on Cointegration-with Application to the Demand for Money”, Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 52: 169-210.
  • Jovanovic, B., (1982), Selection and The Evolution of Industry, Econometrica, Econometric Society, 50(3): 649-670.
  • Kara, M.A., (2015), “Girişimcilik ve Yerel Kalkınma”, Bakan, İ., (edt), Girişimcilik ve Girişimcilikte Seçme Konular, Gazi Kitabevi, 371-392, Ankara.
  • Karagöz, K., (2016), “Girişimcilik Ekonomik Büyüme İlişkisi: Türkiye İçin Ekonometrik Bir Analiz”, http://acikerisim.lib.comu.edu.tr:8080/xmlui/bitstream/handle/COMU/1669/kadir_karagoz_ makale.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y 10.01.2017
  • Klepper, S., (1996), Entry, Exit, Growth and Innovation over The Product Life Cycle, American Economic Review, 86(3): 562-583.
  • Kwiatkowski, D., Phillips, P.C.B., Schmidt, P. ve Shin, Y. (1992), “Testing The Null Hypothesis of Stationarity Against the Alternative of a Unit Root: How Sure Are We That The Economic Time Series Have a Unit Root?”, Journal of Econometrics, 54: 159 178.
  • Lambson, V.E., (1991), Industry Evolution with Sunk Costs and Uncertain Market Conditions , International Journal of Industrial Organization, 9: 171-196
  • Martinez, J.A.B., (2005), “Equilibrium Entrepreneurship Rate, Economic Development and Growth. Evidence from Spanish Regions”, Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, 17: 145-161.
  • Mcquaid, W.R., (2002), “Entrepreneurship and ICT Industries: Support from Regional ve Local Policies”, Regional Studies, 36(8): 909-919.
  • Niwa, S., (2016), “Patent Claims and Economic Growth” Economic Modelling, 54: 377-381.
  • Phillips, P.C.B. ve Perron, P., (1988), “Testing for a Unit Root in Time Series Regression, Biometrika, 75(2): 335-346.
  • Salgado-Banda, H., (2007), “Entrepreneurship and Economic Growth: An Emprical Analysis” Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship, 12(1): 3-29.
  • Sinha, D., (2008), “Patent Innovations and Economic Growth in Japan and South Korea : Evidence from Individual Country and Panel Data” Applied Econometrics and International Development, 8(1): 180-188.
  • Stel, A.V., Carree, M. and Thurik, R., (2005), “The effect of Entrepreneurial Activity on National Economic Growth”, Small Business Economics, 24: 311-321.
  • Storey, D.J., (1991), “The Birth of New Firms-Does Unempleyment Matter? A Review of The Evidence”, Small Business Economics, 3: 167-178.
  • Tarı, R., (2002), Ekonometri, Alfa Yayınları, İstanbul.
  • Thompson, M.A. and Rushing, F.W., (1999), “An Emprical Analysis of the Impact of Patent Protection on Economic Growth: An Extension” Journal of Economic Development, 21(1): 67-76.
  • Valliere, D. and Peterson, R., (2009),”Entrepreneurship and Economic Growth: Evidence from Emerging and Developed Countries” Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, 21(5-6): 459-480.
  • Wennekers, S, Stel, A.V., Thurik, R. and Reynolds, P., (2005), “Nascent Entrepreneurship and Level of Economic Development”, Small Business Economics, 24: 293-309.
  • Wennekers, S. and Thurik, R., (1999), “Linking Entrepreneurship and Economic Growth” Small Business Economics, 13: 27-55.
  • Wong, K.P. Ho, P.Y., and Autio, E., (2005), “Entrepreneurship Innovation and Economic Growth: Evidence from GEM data”, Small Business Economics, 24: 335-350.
  • Zycher, B., (2013), “Startup Businesses and the Growth of Real State Gross Product”, Pasific Resarch Institute, San Francisco: 1-18.

The Relationship between Entrepreneurship and Economic Growth: The Case of Turkey

Yıl 2017, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 2, 213 - 227, 01.04.2017

Öz

In recent years, it’s seen that theoretical and empirical literature on the relationship between entrepreneurship and economic growth has developed. Entrepreneurship can lead to growth of income and welfare development by accelerating the creation, dissemination and acceptance of new ideas, activating economic resources via new firm establishments, creating new employment areas, contributing to productivity growth through innovative practices. This study, which suggests that entrepreneurship plays a key role in the explanation of economic growth, shows that entrepreneurship self employed has a positive and statistically significant effect on economic growth in the case of Turkey according to Johansen Cointegration test results based on VAR analysis.

Kaynakça

  • Acs, J.Z. and Storey, J.D., (2004), “Introduction: Entrepreneurship and Economic Development”, Regional Suties, 38(8): 871-877.
  • Audretsch, D.B., (2004), “Sustaining Innovation and Growth: Public Policy Support for Entrepreneurship”, Industry and Innovation, 11(3): 167-191.
  • Audretsch, D.B., (1995), Innovation and Industry Evolution. Cambridge, MA: MIT Pres.
  • Audretsch, D.B. and Thurik, R., (2001), “Linking Entrepreneurship to Growth” OECD Science, Technology and Industry Working Papers, 2001/2: 1-33.
  • Audretsch, D.B. and Fritsch, M., (2002), “Growth Regimes over Time and Space”, Regional Studies, 36(2): 113-124.
  • Audretsch, D.B. and Keilbach, M., (2004), “Entrepreneurship Capital and Economic Performance”, Regional Studies, 38(8): 949-959.
  • Audretsch, D.B. and Keilbach, M., (2008), “Resolving the Knowledge Paradox: Knowledge- Spillover Entrepreneurship and Economic Growth” Resarch Policy, 37: 1697-1705.
  • Audretsch, D.B. Belitski, M. and Desai, S., (2015), “Entrepreneurship and Economic Development in Cities” Ann. Reg. Sci., 55: 33-60.
  • Barro R. J. and Sala-I-Martin. X., (1995), Economic Growth. McGraw-Hill, New York.
  • Berkowitz, D. and Dejong, D.N., (2005), “Entrepreneurship and Post-Socialist Growth” Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 67(1): 25-46.
  • Blanchflower, D.G., (2000), “Self- Employment in OECD Countries”, Labour Economics, 7: 471- 505.
  • Box, M. Lin, X. and Gratzer, K., (2014), “ Linking Entrepreneurship and Economic Growth in Sweden, 1850-2000. PESO Working Papers, School of Social Sciences, Södertörn Universty
  • Braunerhjelm, P. and Borgman, B., (2004), “Geographical Concentration, Entrepreneurship and Regional Growth: Evidence from Regional Data in Sweden, 1975-99”, Regional Studies, 38(8): 929-947.
  • Braunerhjelm, P., Acs, Z. J., Audretsch, D.B. and Carlsson, B., (2010), “The Missing Link : Knowledge Diffusion and Entrepreneurship in Endogenous Growth”, Small Business Economics, 34: 105-125.
  • Callejon, M. and Segarra, A., (1999), “ Business Dynamics and Efficieny in Industries and Regions: The Case of Spain”, Small Business Economics, 13: 253-271.
  • Carree, M.A. and Thurik, A.R., (2008), “The Lag Structure of the Impact of Business Ownership on Economic Performance in OECD Countries”, Small Business Economics, 30: 101-110.
  • Carree, M.A. and Thurik, A.R., (2005), “The Impact of Entrepreneurship on Economic Growth” in ACS, J. and Audretsch, D. B. (eds) Handbook of Entrepreneurship Resarch, Kluwer Academic Publishers. USA
  • De Vita, G., Endresen, K. ve Hunt, L.C., (2006), “An Empirical Analysis of Energy Demand in Namibia”, Energy Policy, 34: 3447-3463.
  • Dickey, D.A. ve Fuller, W.A., (1981), “Likelihood Ratio Statistics for an Autoregressive Time Series with a Unit Root”, Econometrica, 49: 1057-1072.
  • Ericson, R. and Pakes, A., (1995), Markov-Pefect Industry Dynamics: A Framework for Amprical Work, Review of Economic Studies, 62: 53-82.
  • Fischer, M.M., ve Nijkamp, P., (2009), “Entrepreneurship and Regional Development”, in Capello, R. ve Nijkamp, P. (eds), Handbook of Regional Grovth and Development Theories, Massachusets, Edvard Elgar, 1-16.
  • Fritsch, M. ve Storey J. D., (2014), “Entrepreneurship in a Regional Context: Historical Roots, Recent Developments and Future Challenges”, Regional Studies, 48(6): 939-954.
  • Hopenhayn, H.A., (1992), Entry, Exit and Firm Dynamics in Long Run Equilibrium, Econometrica, 60: 1127-1150.
  • Johansen, S. ve Juselius, K., (1990), “Maximum Likelihood Estimation and Inference on Cointegration-with Application to the Demand for Money”, Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 52: 169-210.
  • Jovanovic, B., (1982), Selection and The Evolution of Industry, Econometrica, Econometric Society, 50(3): 649-670.
  • Kara, M.A., (2015), “Girişimcilik ve Yerel Kalkınma”, Bakan, İ., (edt), Girişimcilik ve Girişimcilikte Seçme Konular, Gazi Kitabevi, 371-392, Ankara.
  • Karagöz, K., (2016), “Girişimcilik Ekonomik Büyüme İlişkisi: Türkiye İçin Ekonometrik Bir Analiz”, http://acikerisim.lib.comu.edu.tr:8080/xmlui/bitstream/handle/COMU/1669/kadir_karagoz_ makale.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y 10.01.2017
  • Klepper, S., (1996), Entry, Exit, Growth and Innovation over The Product Life Cycle, American Economic Review, 86(3): 562-583.
  • Kwiatkowski, D., Phillips, P.C.B., Schmidt, P. ve Shin, Y. (1992), “Testing The Null Hypothesis of Stationarity Against the Alternative of a Unit Root: How Sure Are We That The Economic Time Series Have a Unit Root?”, Journal of Econometrics, 54: 159 178.
  • Lambson, V.E., (1991), Industry Evolution with Sunk Costs and Uncertain Market Conditions , International Journal of Industrial Organization, 9: 171-196
  • Martinez, J.A.B., (2005), “Equilibrium Entrepreneurship Rate, Economic Development and Growth. Evidence from Spanish Regions”, Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, 17: 145-161.
  • Mcquaid, W.R., (2002), “Entrepreneurship and ICT Industries: Support from Regional ve Local Policies”, Regional Studies, 36(8): 909-919.
  • Niwa, S., (2016), “Patent Claims and Economic Growth” Economic Modelling, 54: 377-381.
  • Phillips, P.C.B. ve Perron, P., (1988), “Testing for a Unit Root in Time Series Regression, Biometrika, 75(2): 335-346.
  • Salgado-Banda, H., (2007), “Entrepreneurship and Economic Growth: An Emprical Analysis” Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship, 12(1): 3-29.
  • Sinha, D., (2008), “Patent Innovations and Economic Growth in Japan and South Korea : Evidence from Individual Country and Panel Data” Applied Econometrics and International Development, 8(1): 180-188.
  • Stel, A.V., Carree, M. and Thurik, R., (2005), “The effect of Entrepreneurial Activity on National Economic Growth”, Small Business Economics, 24: 311-321.
  • Storey, D.J., (1991), “The Birth of New Firms-Does Unempleyment Matter? A Review of The Evidence”, Small Business Economics, 3: 167-178.
  • Tarı, R., (2002), Ekonometri, Alfa Yayınları, İstanbul.
  • Thompson, M.A. and Rushing, F.W., (1999), “An Emprical Analysis of the Impact of Patent Protection on Economic Growth: An Extension” Journal of Economic Development, 21(1): 67-76.
  • Valliere, D. and Peterson, R., (2009),”Entrepreneurship and Economic Growth: Evidence from Emerging and Developed Countries” Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, 21(5-6): 459-480.
  • Wennekers, S, Stel, A.V., Thurik, R. and Reynolds, P., (2005), “Nascent Entrepreneurship and Level of Economic Development”, Small Business Economics, 24: 293-309.
  • Wennekers, S. and Thurik, R., (1999), “Linking Entrepreneurship and Economic Growth” Small Business Economics, 13: 27-55.
  • Wong, K.P. Ho, P.Y., and Autio, E., (2005), “Entrepreneurship Innovation and Economic Growth: Evidence from GEM data”, Small Business Economics, 24: 335-350.
  • Zycher, B., (2013), “Startup Businesses and the Growth of Real State Gross Product”, Pasific Resarch Institute, San Francisco: 1-18.
Toplam 45 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Bölüm Research Article
Yazarlar

Hüseyin Ağır Bu kişi benim

Mehmet Akif Kara Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Nisan 2017
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2017 Cilt: 5 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

ISNAD Ağır, Hüseyin - Kara, Mehmet Akif. “The Relationship Between Entrepreneurship and Economic Growth: The Case of Turkey”. Siyaset, Ekonomi ve Yönetim Araştırmaları Dergisi 5/2 (Nisan 2017), 213-227.