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G7 Ülkelerinde CO2 Emisyonu, Elektrik Tüketimi ve Büyüme İlişkisi

Yıl 2017, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 2, 257 - 272, 01.04.2017

Öz

Bu çalışmada, 1980-2010 yılları arasında G7 ülkelerinde CO2 emisyonu, elektrik tüketimi ve ekonomik büyüme arasında ilişki olup olmadığı analiz edilmiştir. Panel eşbütünleşme testleri sonucunda G7 ülkelerinde CO2 emisyonu, Gayri Safi Yurtiçi Hasıla GSYH ve elektrik tüketimi arasında eşbütünleşme ilişkisi olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır. Son olarak Dumitrescu-Hurlin nedensellik testi sonucuna göre, G7 ülkelerinde CO2 emisyonu ile GSYH ve GSYH ile elektrik tüketimi arasında çift yönlü, elektrik tüketiminden CO2 emisyonuna doğru tek yönlü nedensellik ilişkisi tespit edilmiştir.

Kaynakça

  • Akova, İsmet (2008), Yenilenebilir Enerji Kaynakları, Nobel Yayın Dağıtım, Ankara.
  • Boopen, Seetanah and N. Harris (2012), “Energy Use, Emissions, Economic Growth and Trade: Evidence From Mauritius”, ICTI 2012, ISSN: 16941225, p.1-29.
  • Breusch, T. S. and A.R. Pagan (1980), “The Lagrange Multiplier Test and its Applications to Model Specification in Econometrics”, Review of Economic Studies, Blackwell Publishing, Vol. 47, No. 1, p.239-253.
  • Dında, Soumyananda (2004), “Environmental Kuznets Curve Hypothesis: A Survey”, Ecological Economics, Vol. 49, p. 431-455.
  • Dumıtrescu, Elena-Ivona and C. Hurlin (2012), “Testing for Granger Non-Causality in Heterogeneous Panels”, Economic Modelling, p.1-11.
  • Göçer, İsmet (2013), “Ar-Ge Harcamalarının İleri teknoloji İhracatı, Dış Ticaret Dengesi ve Ekonomik Büyüme Üzerindeki Etkileri”, Maliye Dergisi, Sayı:165, s. 215-240.
  • Gross, Christian (2012), “Explaining The (non-) Causality Between Energy and Economic Growth in The U.S.A Multivariate Sectoral Analysis”, Energy Economics, Vol. 34, p.489-499.
  • Hamit-Haggar, Mahamat (2012), “Greenhouse Gas Emissions, Energy Consumption and Economic Growth: A Panel Cointegration Analysis From Canadian Industrial Sector Perspective”, Energy Economics, Vol. 34, p.358-364.
  • Hatzigeorgiou, Emmanouil, H. Polatidis and D. Haralambopoulos (2011), “CO2 Emissions, GDP and Energy Intensity: A Multivariate Cointegration and Causality Analysis for Greece, 1977- 2007”, Applied Energy, Vol. 88, p.1377-1385.
  • Jalil, Abdul and M. Feridun (2011), “The Impact of Growth, Energy and Financial Development on The Environment in China: A Cointegration Analysis”, Energy Economics, Vol. 33, p.284- 291.
  • Nazlıoğlu, Şaban (2010), Makro İktisat Politikalarının Tarım Sektörü Üzerindeki Etkisi: Gelişmiş ve Gelişmekte Olan Ülkeler İçin Bir Karşılaştırma, Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi, Erciyes Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.
  • Nasir, Muhammad and F. U. Rehman (2011), “Environmental Kuznets Curve For Carbon Emissions in Pakistan: An Emprical Investigation”, Energy Policy, Vol. 39, p.1857-1864.
  • Niu, Shuwen, Y. Ding, Y. Niu, Y. Li and G. Luo (2011), “Economic Growth, Energy Conservation and Emissions Reduction. A Comparative Analysis Based On Panel Data For 8 Asian-Pacific Countries”, Energy Policy, Vol. 39, p.2121-2131.
  • Pesaran, M. Hashem (2004), “General Diagnostic Tests for Cross Section Dependence in Panels”, Working Paper, No. 0435.
  • Pesaran, M. Hashem (2007), “A Simple Panel Unit Root Test in the Presence of Cross-Section Dependence”, Journal of Applied Econometrics, Vol.22, No.2, p.265-312.
  • Pesaran, M. Hashem, A. Ullah and T. Yamagata (2008), “A Bias-Adjusted LM Test of Error Cross- Section Independence, Econometrics Journal, Vol. 11, p. 105-127.
  • Shahbaz, Muhammad, H. H. Lean and M. S. Shabbir (2012), “Environmental Kuznets Curve Hypothesis in Pakistan: Cointegration and Granger Causality”, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Vol. 16, p. 2947-2953.
  • Shahbaz, Muhammad, M. Mutascu and P. Azim (2013), “Environmental Kuznets Curve in Romania and the Role of Energy Consumption”, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Vol. 18, p. 165-173.
  • Stern, David I. (2003), “Environmental Kuznets Curve”, Department of Economics, Rensselaer Polytechnic http://www.ecoeco.org/pdf/stern.pdf. Troy, NY 12180, Erişim Tarihi: 23.07.2013
  • Stern, David I. (2004), “Environmental Kuznets Curve”, Encyclopedia of Energy, Vol. 2, pp. 517- 525.
  • Tarı, Recep (2006), Ekonometri, Avcı Ofset, İstanbul.
  • Tatoğlu, Ferda Yerdelen (2012), İleri Panel Veri Analizi, Beta Basım, İstanbul.
  • Tiwari, Aviral (2011), “Primary Energy Consumption, CO2 Emissions and Economic Growth: Evidence from India”, South East European Journal of Economics and Business, Vol. 6, No. 2, p.99-117.
  • Wang, S.S., D.Q. Zhou, P. Zhou and Q.W. Wang (2011), “CO2 Emissions, Energy Consumption and Economic Growth in China: A Panel Data Analysis”, Energy Policy, Vol. 39, p.4870- 4875.
  • Westerlund, Joakim (2007), “Testing for Error Correction in Panel Data”, Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, Vol. 69, p.709-748.
  • World Bank Data, www.worldbank.org.
  • Yandle, Bruce, Maya Vijayaraghavan and Madhusudan Bhattarai (2002), “The Environmental Kuznets Curve”, PERC Research Study 02-1, p.1-24.
  • Yıldırım, Uğur (2004), “Çevre Sorunlarına Ekonomik Yaklaşımlar”, Çevre Sorunlarına Çağdaş Yaklaşımlar- Ekolojik, Politik ve Yönetimsel Perspektifler, Editörler: Mehmet C. Marin ve Uğur Yıldırım, Beta Basım, İstanbul.
  • Yılmazer, Mine (2013), “Dış Ticaret ve Çevre İlişkisi: Kirlilik Yaratan Sektörler Ticaretinde Türkiye’nin Rekabet Gücü ve Yapısal Sorunlar”, 2000’li Yıllarda Türkiye Ekonomisi. Yapısal Dönüşümler, Ana Sorunlar ve Çözüme Dönük Politika Önerileri, Editör: Prof. Dr. Hayriye Atik, Nobel Yayın Dağıtım, Ankara.
  • Zhang, X.P. and X.M. Cheng (2009), “Energy Consumption, Carbon Emissions, and Economic Growth in China”, Ecological Economics,Vol. 68, p.2706–2712.
  • Zilio, Mariana and M. Recalde (2011), “GDP and Environment Pressure: The Role of Energy in Latin America and The Caribbean”, Energy Policy, Vol. 39, p.7941-7949.

The Relationship Between CO2 Emission, Electricity Consumption and Economic Growth in G7 Countries

Yıl 2017, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 2, 257 - 272, 01.04.2017

Öz

In this study, it is analyzed whether there is a relationship between CO2 emission, electric consumption and economic growth between the years 1980-2010 in G7 countries. As a result of panel cointegration tests it is concluded that there is a cointegration relationship between CO2 emission, Gross Domestic Product GDP and electric consumption in G7 countries. Lastly, according to results of the Dumitrescu-Hurlin causality test it is ascertained that in G7 countries there is bidirectional causality between CO2 emission and GDP and between GDP and electric consumption and there is unidirectional causality from electric consumption towards CO2 emission.

Kaynakça

  • Akova, İsmet (2008), Yenilenebilir Enerji Kaynakları, Nobel Yayın Dağıtım, Ankara.
  • Boopen, Seetanah and N. Harris (2012), “Energy Use, Emissions, Economic Growth and Trade: Evidence From Mauritius”, ICTI 2012, ISSN: 16941225, p.1-29.
  • Breusch, T. S. and A.R. Pagan (1980), “The Lagrange Multiplier Test and its Applications to Model Specification in Econometrics”, Review of Economic Studies, Blackwell Publishing, Vol. 47, No. 1, p.239-253.
  • Dında, Soumyananda (2004), “Environmental Kuznets Curve Hypothesis: A Survey”, Ecological Economics, Vol. 49, p. 431-455.
  • Dumıtrescu, Elena-Ivona and C. Hurlin (2012), “Testing for Granger Non-Causality in Heterogeneous Panels”, Economic Modelling, p.1-11.
  • Göçer, İsmet (2013), “Ar-Ge Harcamalarının İleri teknoloji İhracatı, Dış Ticaret Dengesi ve Ekonomik Büyüme Üzerindeki Etkileri”, Maliye Dergisi, Sayı:165, s. 215-240.
  • Gross, Christian (2012), “Explaining The (non-) Causality Between Energy and Economic Growth in The U.S.A Multivariate Sectoral Analysis”, Energy Economics, Vol. 34, p.489-499.
  • Hamit-Haggar, Mahamat (2012), “Greenhouse Gas Emissions, Energy Consumption and Economic Growth: A Panel Cointegration Analysis From Canadian Industrial Sector Perspective”, Energy Economics, Vol. 34, p.358-364.
  • Hatzigeorgiou, Emmanouil, H. Polatidis and D. Haralambopoulos (2011), “CO2 Emissions, GDP and Energy Intensity: A Multivariate Cointegration and Causality Analysis for Greece, 1977- 2007”, Applied Energy, Vol. 88, p.1377-1385.
  • Jalil, Abdul and M. Feridun (2011), “The Impact of Growth, Energy and Financial Development on The Environment in China: A Cointegration Analysis”, Energy Economics, Vol. 33, p.284- 291.
  • Nazlıoğlu, Şaban (2010), Makro İktisat Politikalarının Tarım Sektörü Üzerindeki Etkisi: Gelişmiş ve Gelişmekte Olan Ülkeler İçin Bir Karşılaştırma, Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi, Erciyes Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.
  • Nasir, Muhammad and F. U. Rehman (2011), “Environmental Kuznets Curve For Carbon Emissions in Pakistan: An Emprical Investigation”, Energy Policy, Vol. 39, p.1857-1864.
  • Niu, Shuwen, Y. Ding, Y. Niu, Y. Li and G. Luo (2011), “Economic Growth, Energy Conservation and Emissions Reduction. A Comparative Analysis Based On Panel Data For 8 Asian-Pacific Countries”, Energy Policy, Vol. 39, p.2121-2131.
  • Pesaran, M. Hashem (2004), “General Diagnostic Tests for Cross Section Dependence in Panels”, Working Paper, No. 0435.
  • Pesaran, M. Hashem (2007), “A Simple Panel Unit Root Test in the Presence of Cross-Section Dependence”, Journal of Applied Econometrics, Vol.22, No.2, p.265-312.
  • Pesaran, M. Hashem, A. Ullah and T. Yamagata (2008), “A Bias-Adjusted LM Test of Error Cross- Section Independence, Econometrics Journal, Vol. 11, p. 105-127.
  • Shahbaz, Muhammad, H. H. Lean and M. S. Shabbir (2012), “Environmental Kuznets Curve Hypothesis in Pakistan: Cointegration and Granger Causality”, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Vol. 16, p. 2947-2953.
  • Shahbaz, Muhammad, M. Mutascu and P. Azim (2013), “Environmental Kuznets Curve in Romania and the Role of Energy Consumption”, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Vol. 18, p. 165-173.
  • Stern, David I. (2003), “Environmental Kuznets Curve”, Department of Economics, Rensselaer Polytechnic http://www.ecoeco.org/pdf/stern.pdf. Troy, NY 12180, Erişim Tarihi: 23.07.2013
  • Stern, David I. (2004), “Environmental Kuznets Curve”, Encyclopedia of Energy, Vol. 2, pp. 517- 525.
  • Tarı, Recep (2006), Ekonometri, Avcı Ofset, İstanbul.
  • Tatoğlu, Ferda Yerdelen (2012), İleri Panel Veri Analizi, Beta Basım, İstanbul.
  • Tiwari, Aviral (2011), “Primary Energy Consumption, CO2 Emissions and Economic Growth: Evidence from India”, South East European Journal of Economics and Business, Vol. 6, No. 2, p.99-117.
  • Wang, S.S., D.Q. Zhou, P. Zhou and Q.W. Wang (2011), “CO2 Emissions, Energy Consumption and Economic Growth in China: A Panel Data Analysis”, Energy Policy, Vol. 39, p.4870- 4875.
  • Westerlund, Joakim (2007), “Testing for Error Correction in Panel Data”, Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, Vol. 69, p.709-748.
  • World Bank Data, www.worldbank.org.
  • Yandle, Bruce, Maya Vijayaraghavan and Madhusudan Bhattarai (2002), “The Environmental Kuznets Curve”, PERC Research Study 02-1, p.1-24.
  • Yıldırım, Uğur (2004), “Çevre Sorunlarına Ekonomik Yaklaşımlar”, Çevre Sorunlarına Çağdaş Yaklaşımlar- Ekolojik, Politik ve Yönetimsel Perspektifler, Editörler: Mehmet C. Marin ve Uğur Yıldırım, Beta Basım, İstanbul.
  • Yılmazer, Mine (2013), “Dış Ticaret ve Çevre İlişkisi: Kirlilik Yaratan Sektörler Ticaretinde Türkiye’nin Rekabet Gücü ve Yapısal Sorunlar”, 2000’li Yıllarda Türkiye Ekonomisi. Yapısal Dönüşümler, Ana Sorunlar ve Çözüme Dönük Politika Önerileri, Editör: Prof. Dr. Hayriye Atik, Nobel Yayın Dağıtım, Ankara.
  • Zhang, X.P. and X.M. Cheng (2009), “Energy Consumption, Carbon Emissions, and Economic Growth in China”, Ecological Economics,Vol. 68, p.2706–2712.
  • Zilio, Mariana and M. Recalde (2011), “GDP and Environment Pressure: The Role of Energy in Latin America and The Caribbean”, Energy Policy, Vol. 39, p.7941-7949.
Toplam 31 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Research Article
Yazarlar

Suzan Ergün Bu kişi benim

Melike Atay Polat Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Nisan 2017
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2017 Cilt: 5 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

ISNAD Ergün, Suzan - Polat, Melike Atay. “G7 Ülkelerinde CO2 Emisyonu, Elektrik Tüketimi Ve Büyüme İlişkisi”. Siyaset, Ekonomi ve Yönetim Araştırmaları Dergisi 5/2 (Nisan 2017), 257-272.