Araştırma Makalesi
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Analyzing Of Slow-Steaming Practice In Liner Transportation

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 4, 43 - 58, 31.10.2019

Öz

On the contrary to the tramp business where the service is not dependent on a schedule liner business provides service based on a schedule which is declared to the shipper/receiver before and since 1960, share of liner business among maritime transportation has increased until today together with containerization process which enabled multimodal transportation. Althoug liner service has been maintained with different types of vessel, most of the service in this segment increasingly provided with fully cellular container vessels and over the course of time container markets in liner business has been characterized with market cycles. Under the depressive market conditions in the collapse stage of the cycles liner operators have taken some initiatives and slow-steaming practice comes foremost among them. In this study slow-steaming practice in liner transportation has been analyzed with different aspects.

Kaynakça

  • Bonney J. , Leach P.T. (2010). Slow boat from China. https://www.joc.com/maritimenews/slow-boat-china_20100201.html Erişim Tarihi: 26.08.2019 Carson, J.K. , Kemp, R.M., East, A.R. , Cleland, D.J. (2015). The impact of slow steaming on refrigerated exports from New Zealand. International Congress of Refrigeration, Japan. https://researchcommons.waikato.ac.nz/bitstream/handle/10289/9852/153.pdf?sequence= 2&isAllowed=y, [Ziyaret tarihi: 3 Ekim 2018] Olmer, N. ,Comer, B. , Roy, B. , Mao, X. , Rutherford, D. (2017). Greenhouse Gas Emissions From Global Shipping, 2013–2015. International Council on Clean Transportation, https://theicct.org/sites/default/files/publications/Global-shipping-GHG-emissions-20132015_ICCT-Report_17102017_vF.pdf[Ziyaret tarihi: 1 Eylül 2018] Clarkson (2015). Shipping Review Outlook Spring Report. https://sin.clarksons.net/[Ziyaret tarihi: 12 Mayıs 2018]. Federal Denizcilik Komisyonu (2011). Solicitation of views on the impact of slow steaming. https://www.fmc.gov/assets/1/Documents/RESPONSE%20-%20RAYONIER%20(2)1.pdf, [Ziyaret tarihi: 8 Şubat 2018] Ferrari, C. , Parola, F., Tei, A. (2015). Determinants of slow steaming and implications on service patterns. Maritime Policy&Management, 12 (7), 636-652. JOC Deniz Haber Sitesi (2010). Maersk Says Slow Steaming Here to Stay. https:// www. joc. com/maritime-news/maersk-says-slow-steaming-here-stay_20100907.html, [Ziyaret tarihi: 17 Ocak 2018] JOC Deniz Haber Sitesi, (2012). Carriers Accelerate Extra Slow-steaming, https://www.joc.com/maritime-news/container-lines/carriers-accelerate-extra-slowsteaming_20120904.html, [Ziyaret tarihi: 5 Ocak 2018] Maloni, M. , Paul, J.A., Gligor, D.M. (2013) Slow steaming impacts on ocean carriers and shippers. Maritime Economics&Logistics, 15(2), 151-171. MAN PrimeServ, (2012). Slow Steaming Practices in the Global Shipping Industry. https://www.swedishclub.com/ upload/Loss_Prev_Docs/Machinery/MAN%20PrimeServ%20- %20Slow%20Steaming%20Rapport%202012%5B1%5D.pdf ,[Ziyaret tarihi: 3 Ekim 2018] Notteboom, T, Vernimmen, B. (2009). The effect of high fuel costs on liner service configuration in container shipping. Journal Of Transport Geography, 17, 325-337. Notteboom, T. (2012). The Blackwell Companion to Maritime Economics, Chapter 12, The Containership, Notteboom, T. , Cariou, P. (2013). Slow steaming in container liner shipping: is there any impact on fuel surcharge practices?. The International Journal of Logistics Management, 24(1), 73-86. Psaraftis H. , Kontovas C. , (2009). CO2 Emission Statistics for the World Commercial Fleet. WMU Journal of Maritime Affairs, 8(1), 1-25. Psaraftis, N. ,Kontovas, C. , Kakalis, N. ,2009, Speed reduction as an emssions reduction measure for fast ships. 10th International Conference on Fast Sea Transportation FAST 2009, Athens, Greece Psaraftis H. , Kontovas C. (2013). Speed models for energy-efficient maritime transportation: A taxonomy and surve., Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies, 26, 331-351. Seatrade Maritime News, (2014). The Economics of Slow-steaming, :http://www.seatrademaritime.com/news/americas/the-economics-of-slow-steaming.html, [Ziyaret tarihi: 10 Mart 2018] Shipandbunker(2018).GlobalAverageBunkerPrice,https://shipandbunker.com/prices/av/glo bal/avglb-global-average-bunker-price, [Ziyaret tarihi:19 Ocak 2019]. Transport Geography (2017). Fuel Consumption by Containership Size and Speed, https://tran sportgeography.org/?page_id=5955, [Ziyaret tarihi: 10 Şubat 2018] Ulaştırma ve Altyapı Bakanlığı, (2018). 1978 Protokolü ile Değişik, 1973 Tarihli Denizlerin Gemiler Tarafından Kirletilmesinin Önlenmesine Ait Uluslararası Sözleşme(MARPOL73/78),http://imo.udhb.gov.tr/TR/19Marpol.aspx,2018[Ziyaret tarihi: 17 Mayıs 2018] UNCTAD (2009). Review of Maritime Transport,https://unctad.org/en/docs /rm t2009_en.pdf, [Ziyaret tarihi: 20 Temmuz 2019]. UNCTAD (2010). Review of Maritime Transport,https://unctad.org/en/ docs /r mt2010_en.pdf, [Ziyaret tarihi: 20 Temmuz 2019]. Zanne ve diğ. (2013). Environmental and Economic Benefits of Slow Steaming. Transactions on Maritime Science, 2, 123-127.

Denizyolu Düzenli Hat Taşımacılığında Hız Düşürme Pratiği İncelemesi

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 4, 43 - 58, 31.10.2019

Öz

Belli bir program dâhilinde çalışmayan düzensiz hat taşımacılığının aksine düzenli hat taşımacılığı yükleyici/alıcıya önceden deklare edilen belli bir tarifeye göre hizmet sunmaktadır ve 1960’lı yıllardan itibaren, kombine taşımacılığı mümkün kılan konteynerizasyon süreci ile beraber taşımacılıktaki payı günümüze dek artış göstermiştir. Her ne kadar farklı gemi türleri ile düzenli hat taşımacılığı hizmetleri sürdürülse de bu taşımacılık türünde hizmet en çok ve artan bir şekilde tam hücresel yapıda olan konteyner gemileri ile sürdürülmektedir ve düzenli hat konteyner gemi piyasaları zaman içinde piyasa döngüleri ile karakterize edilir hale gelmiştir. Döngülerin çöküş safhasında depresif piyasa koşulları karşısında liner operatör firmalar bazı inisiyatifler icra etmişlerdir ve bunların başında hız düşürme pratiği gelmektedir. Bu çalışmada denizyolu liner taşımacılığında hız düşürme pratiği farklı boyutlarıyla analiz edilmiştir.

Kaynakça

  • Bonney J. , Leach P.T. (2010). Slow boat from China. https://www.joc.com/maritimenews/slow-boat-china_20100201.html Erişim Tarihi: 26.08.2019 Carson, J.K. , Kemp, R.M., East, A.R. , Cleland, D.J. (2015). The impact of slow steaming on refrigerated exports from New Zealand. International Congress of Refrigeration, Japan. https://researchcommons.waikato.ac.nz/bitstream/handle/10289/9852/153.pdf?sequence= 2&isAllowed=y, [Ziyaret tarihi: 3 Ekim 2018] Olmer, N. ,Comer, B. , Roy, B. , Mao, X. , Rutherford, D. (2017). Greenhouse Gas Emissions From Global Shipping, 2013–2015. International Council on Clean Transportation, https://theicct.org/sites/default/files/publications/Global-shipping-GHG-emissions-20132015_ICCT-Report_17102017_vF.pdf[Ziyaret tarihi: 1 Eylül 2018] Clarkson (2015). Shipping Review Outlook Spring Report. https://sin.clarksons.net/[Ziyaret tarihi: 12 Mayıs 2018]. Federal Denizcilik Komisyonu (2011). Solicitation of views on the impact of slow steaming. https://www.fmc.gov/assets/1/Documents/RESPONSE%20-%20RAYONIER%20(2)1.pdf, [Ziyaret tarihi: 8 Şubat 2018] Ferrari, C. , Parola, F., Tei, A. (2015). Determinants of slow steaming and implications on service patterns. Maritime Policy&Management, 12 (7), 636-652. JOC Deniz Haber Sitesi (2010). Maersk Says Slow Steaming Here to Stay. https:// www. joc. com/maritime-news/maersk-says-slow-steaming-here-stay_20100907.html, [Ziyaret tarihi: 17 Ocak 2018] JOC Deniz Haber Sitesi, (2012). Carriers Accelerate Extra Slow-steaming, https://www.joc.com/maritime-news/container-lines/carriers-accelerate-extra-slowsteaming_20120904.html, [Ziyaret tarihi: 5 Ocak 2018] Maloni, M. , Paul, J.A., Gligor, D.M. (2013) Slow steaming impacts on ocean carriers and shippers. Maritime Economics&Logistics, 15(2), 151-171. MAN PrimeServ, (2012). Slow Steaming Practices in the Global Shipping Industry. https://www.swedishclub.com/ upload/Loss_Prev_Docs/Machinery/MAN%20PrimeServ%20- %20Slow%20Steaming%20Rapport%202012%5B1%5D.pdf ,[Ziyaret tarihi: 3 Ekim 2018] Notteboom, T, Vernimmen, B. (2009). The effect of high fuel costs on liner service configuration in container shipping. Journal Of Transport Geography, 17, 325-337. Notteboom, T. (2012). The Blackwell Companion to Maritime Economics, Chapter 12, The Containership, Notteboom, T. , Cariou, P. (2013). Slow steaming in container liner shipping: is there any impact on fuel surcharge practices?. The International Journal of Logistics Management, 24(1), 73-86. Psaraftis H. , Kontovas C. , (2009). CO2 Emission Statistics for the World Commercial Fleet. WMU Journal of Maritime Affairs, 8(1), 1-25. Psaraftis, N. ,Kontovas, C. , Kakalis, N. ,2009, Speed reduction as an emssions reduction measure for fast ships. 10th International Conference on Fast Sea Transportation FAST 2009, Athens, Greece Psaraftis H. , Kontovas C. (2013). Speed models for energy-efficient maritime transportation: A taxonomy and surve., Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies, 26, 331-351. Seatrade Maritime News, (2014). The Economics of Slow-steaming, :http://www.seatrademaritime.com/news/americas/the-economics-of-slow-steaming.html, [Ziyaret tarihi: 10 Mart 2018] Shipandbunker(2018).GlobalAverageBunkerPrice,https://shipandbunker.com/prices/av/glo bal/avglb-global-average-bunker-price, [Ziyaret tarihi:19 Ocak 2019]. Transport Geography (2017). Fuel Consumption by Containership Size and Speed, https://tran sportgeography.org/?page_id=5955, [Ziyaret tarihi: 10 Şubat 2018] Ulaştırma ve Altyapı Bakanlığı, (2018). 1978 Protokolü ile Değişik, 1973 Tarihli Denizlerin Gemiler Tarafından Kirletilmesinin Önlenmesine Ait Uluslararası Sözleşme(MARPOL73/78),http://imo.udhb.gov.tr/TR/19Marpol.aspx,2018[Ziyaret tarihi: 17 Mayıs 2018] UNCTAD (2009). Review of Maritime Transport,https://unctad.org/en/docs /rm t2009_en.pdf, [Ziyaret tarihi: 20 Temmuz 2019]. UNCTAD (2010). Review of Maritime Transport,https://unctad.org/en/ docs /r mt2010_en.pdf, [Ziyaret tarihi: 20 Temmuz 2019]. Zanne ve diğ. (2013). Environmental and Economic Benefits of Slow Steaming. Transactions on Maritime Science, 2, 123-127.
Toplam 1 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Bünyamin Kamal Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Ekim 2019
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2019 Cilt: 7 Sayı: 4

Kaynak Göster

ISNAD Kamal, Bünyamin. “Denizyolu Düzenli Hat Taşımacılığında Hız Düşürme Pratiği İncelemesi”. Siyaset, Ekonomi ve Yönetim Araştırmaları Dergisi 7/4 (Ekim 2019), 43-58.