The Importance of Early Warnings in Occupational Accident Prevention: Leading Indicators

Öz

In this study, leading indicators that are gained increasing importance in today’s safety science theory and practice are discussed. It is aimed to emphasize the contribution of leading safety indicators in preventing occupational accidents if they are used effectively and regarded as a core element of safety performance in workplaces. Accordingly, the study consists of three main parts. In the first part, current trends in occupational safety, especially the system approach, are briefly mentioned. Then, lagging and leading indicators are defined and in between differences are examined. In the following sections, suggested leading indicators of international occupational safety and health authorities and field examples from different sectors in the literature are given. Among the most cited leading indicators, safety leadership, employee participation, safety communication, monitoring of risk control strategies, equipment maintenance, employee competence, trainings and safety awareness are underlined. Monitoring occupational safety performance and determinig the relevant preventive measures “when everything is going well” is one of the main approaches of modern safety science and it is believed that effective leading indicators will contribute in this direction.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Leading indicator
• occupational safety performance
• occupational accident
• system safety
• occupational health and safety

İş Kazalarını Önlemede Erken Uyarıların Önemi: Öncü Göstergeler

Öz

Bu çalışmada, günümüz güvenlik bilimi teori ve pratiğinde git gide artan bir önem kazanan öncü göstergeler ele alınmıştır. Öncü güvenlik göstergelerinin işyerlerinde etkin kullanımının ve iş güvenliği performansının temel bir unsuru olarak değerlendirilmesinin gerekliliği belirtilerek iş kazalarını önlemedeki katkısının vurgulanması amaçlanmaktadır. Bu doğrultuda makale üç ana bölümden oluşmaktadır. İlk bölümde sistem yaklaşımı başta olmak üzere iş güvenliğindeki güncel eğilimlere kısaca değinilmiş, ardından gecikmeli ve öncü göstergeler tanımlanarak aralarındaki farklar incelenmiştir. Devam eden bölümlerde ise uluslararası iş sağlığı ve güvenliği otoritelerinden öncü gösterge önerilerine ve literatürde farklı sektörler için yapılan saha çalışmalarından örneklere yer verilmiştir. En fazla atıf yapılan öncü göstergelerden iş güvenliği liderliği, çalışan katılımı, güvenlik iletişimi, risk kontrol yöntemlerinin izlenmesi, ekipman bakım ve onarımları, çalışanların yaptıkları işe uygunluğu, eğitimler ve iş güvenliği bilinci gibi başlıkların altı çizilmiştir. Modern güvenlik biliminin başlıca yaklaşımlarından biri görünümündeki “işler yolunda giderken” de iş güvenliği performansının ölçülmesi ve bu doğrultuda önleyici tedbirlerin belirlenmesi çalışmalarına, etkin kullanılan öncü göstergelerin önemli katkı sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Öncü gösterge
• iş güvenliği performansı
• iş kazası
• sistem güvenliği
• iş sağlığı ve güvenliği

Kaynakça

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